TAXONOMY OF TREES

Group 4
Macunat, Cyrex
Manalo, Llaizah Mae
Marfil, Sharmaine
Obciana, Ashelif
Reglos, Kyle Philip

BVTED- 3A
TALISAY TREE
 Tropical almond tree (Terminalia catappa), also known in the Philippines as “talisay”
is a large tropical tree in the Combretaceae (leadwood tree) family that grows mainly in
tropical areas of Asia. The tree grows from 10 m to 25 m high and has horizontal whorls of
branches with shiny and ovate leaves, 10-25 cm long, and tapering below to a narrow and
heart-shaped base with expanded rounded apex. “Talisay” fruit is smooth and ellipsoid, 3-6
cm long, and prominently bi-ridged or keeled down to the sides, with fibrous and fleshy
pericarp and hard endocarp. Studies have indicated that the leaves of “talisay” are rich in
tannins and a host of organic compounds that help in conditioning the culture water resulting
in improved survival, growth, and health of cultured aquatic species.

SCIENTIFIC NAME Terminalia Catappa

COMMON NAME Tropical Almond Tree
PHYLUM Vascular Plant
CLASS Dicotyledons
ORDER Myrtales
FAMILY Combretaceae
GENUS Terminalia

TALISAY IN AESTHETIC APPEAL

The Talisay tree possesses a captivating aesthetic appeal that effortlessly blends
natural beauty with graceful elegance. With its lush canopy of glossy green leaves that gently
sway in the breeze, the Talisay exudes a sense of tranquility and serenity. Its slender trunk,
adorned with smooth bark, adds to its charm, standing as a testament to resilience and
strength. Whether standing tall in a verdant forest or gracing a landscaped garden, the Talisay
tree commands attention with its striking presence. During the changing seasons, its foliage
undergoes a mesmerizing transformation, painting the landscape with vibrant hues of red,
orange, and yellow, before gracefully shedding its leaves, symbolizing renewal and the cycle
of life. The intricate network of branches, reaching skyward in a delicate dance, creates
captivating patterns against the backdrop of the sky, evoking a sense of wonder and awe.
Indeed, the Talisay tree is not merely a botanical specimen but a living work of art, inspiring
admiration and appreciation wherever it grows.

TALISAY HISTORICAL
The Talisay tree, scientifically known as Terminalia catappa, holds a rich historical
significance deeply rooted in various cultures across the globe. Originating in the tropical
regions of Asia, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, the Talisay tree has
been revered for centuries for its remarkable attributes. In ancient times, it served as more
than just a botanical specimen; it was a symbol of strength, resilience, and cultural heritage.
Throughout history, the Talisay tree has been celebrated in folklore, art, and literature,
embodying different meanings for different societies. Its large, spreading canopy provided
shade and shelter, making it a gathering place for communities to come together and share
stories. In some cultures, it was believed to possess mystical powers, with its leaves and seeds
used in traditional medicine and rituals. As civilizations evolved, the Talisay tree continued
to hold significance, adapting to new contexts while retaining its timeless appeal. Today, it
stands as a living testament to the enduring connection between humanity and nature,
reminding us of the rich tapestry of history that binds us all together.

TALISAY SOCIO-CULTURAL
The Talisay tree is also valued for its shade and aesthetic appeal, making it a popular
choice for landscaping in parks, gardens, and urban spaces. Its reddish-orange leaves and
spreading canopy provide a beautiful contrast against the backdrop of city skylines and green
spaces. Additionally, the tree's edible nuts are enjoyed by both humans and wildlife, further
enhancing its cultural importance.
The Talisay tree, scientifically known as Terminalia catappa, is a medium-sized tree
native to tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Australia. It is a popular ornamental tree known
for its wide-spreading branches, large glossy leaves, and vibrant red or yellow foliage in the
autumn.
TALISAY SOCIO-ECONOMIC
The Talisay tree plays a vital role in various industries and communities. Its wood is
prized for its strength and durability, making it valuable for construction and furniture-
making. Additionally, its leaves are used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the Talisay tree is often planted in coastal areas to
help prevent erosion, making it an important part of environmental conservation efforts.

TALISAY POLITICAL
While not directly tied to political institutions, balete trees have occasionally been
part of political discourse in the Philippines. For instance, protests or rallies may take place
near prominent balete trees, utilizing them as symbolic locations to voice political grievances
or advocate for social change.

TALISAY RELIGIOUS
The Talisay tree holds significance in various religious beliefs and practices in the
Philippines. In Filipino folklore, the Talisay tree is often associated with supernatural beings
such as diwatas (nature spirits) and engkantos (enchanted beings). It is believed that these
being dwell in Talisay trees and protect the surrounding environment.
In indigenous Filipino religions, the Talisay tree is considered sacred and is
sometimes used in rituals and ceremonies as a symbol of connection to nature and the
spiritual realm. The tree is believed to have healing properties and is sometimes used in
traditional medicine practices.
In some Christian beliefs, the Talisay tree is seen as a symbol of resilience and
endurance, as it is able to thrive in harsh environments and withstand strong winds. This
resilience is often likened to the faith and strength of believers in times of adversity.
 Overall, the Talisay tree holds a special place in Filipino culture and religious
traditions, symbolizing a connection to the natural world and serving as a reminder of the
spiritual aspects of life.

BALETE TREE
 The tree has epiphyiic habits; it usually starts as a seedling upon another tree and
eventually entraps it. Air roots are sent to the ground as support and develop into a fair size
trunk reaching 60 to 80 cm in diameter.

SCIENTIFIC NAME Ficus benjamina Linn

COMMON NAME Ficus balete
PHYLUM Vascular Plant
CLASS Ficus
ORDER Rosales
FAMILY Moraceae
GENUS Ficus Dumort

BALETE AESTHETIC APPEAL

They are often revered for their majestic appearance, mysterious aura, and unique
ecological significance, contributing to their aesthetic appeal. Here are several aspects that
contribute to the aesthetic appeal of balete trees:
Balete trees are often enormous, with sprawling branches and a wide canopy that
provide shade and shelter. Their massive trunks, sometimes with gnarled roots cascading
down from their branches, create a sense of awe and wonder.
Many balete trees are centuries-old, embodying a sense of timelessness and
continuity. Their weathered bark and twisted limbs tell stories of resilience and endurance,
adding to their allure. Balete trees are biodiversity hotspots, hosting a myriad of plant and
animal species within their branches and roots. The lush vegetation that thrives in their
canopy and the various epiphytes that cling to their surfaces enhance their aesthetic appeal,
creating a vibrant and dynamic ecosystem. In Philippine culture, balete trees are often
associated with myths, legends, and supernatural beliefs. They are believed to be inhabited by
spirits or enchanted beings, adding an element of mystery and intrigue to their allure. Many
local communities regard balete trees with reverence and respect, further enhancing their
aesthetic appeal.

BALETE HISTORICAL
The balete tree holds a significant place in Philippine folklore and history, often
revered as a mystical entity in indigenous belief systems. These ancient trees, belonging to
the genus Ficus, are characterized by their sprawling branches and aerial roots, which create
an eerie, labyrinthine appearance. Throughout Philippine history, balete trees have been
associated with supernatural beings, spirits, and mythical creatures. Indigenous communities
often consider these trees as sacred sites, believing them to be inhabited by enchanted beings
or ancestral spirits. As a result, balete trees have been revered and respected, with offerings
and rituals performed under their shade to seek protection and blessings.
In addition to their spiritual significance, balete trees have also played a role in
Philippine history as landmarks and meeting places. These massive trees have been witness to
countless events, serving as gathering spots for communities to hold meetings, ceremonies,
and social gatherings. Some balete trees are so old that they have become living monuments,
with stories and legends woven around them over centuries. Despite the encroachment of
urbanization and modernization, efforts are being made to preserve these ancient balete trees
as symbols of Philippine heritage and culture. Their historical and cultural significance
continues to be celebrated, reminding Filipinos of their deep connection to nature and the
supernatural realm.
BALETE SOCIO- CULTURAL

These majestic trees are often associated with tales of

mysticism, enchantment, and the supernatural. In Filipino
folklore, balete trees are believed to be dwelling places for
spirits, engkantos (enchanted beings), and supernatural entities.
As a result, these trees are regarded with reverence and
sometimes fear by local communities. Stories abound of
encounters with otherworldly beings near balete trees, and
many Filipinos believe that disturbing or disrespecting these
trees could lead to misfortune or encounters with the
supernatural.
Moreover, balete trees are often central elements in local myths
and legends passed down through generations. These stories
serve not only as entertainment but also as cautionary tales, teaching moral lessons and
reinforcing cultural values. In some regions of the Philippines, balete trees are seen as sacred
landmarks, and rituals or offerings may be performed to appease the spirits believed to
inhabit them. The cultural significance of balete trees extends beyond superstition and
mythology, influencing various aspects of Filipino life, including art, literature, and
traditional practices. As symbols of the mystical and the unknown, balete trees continue to
captivate the imagination of Filipinos and serve as reminders of the rich cultural heritage of
the Philippines.
BALETE SOCIO-ECONOMIC
Balete trees hold significant socio-economic value in the Philippines, deeply rooted in
cultural and traditional beliefs. Known for their majestic presence and often massive size,
these trees are revered as sacred entities in many indigenous communities across the country.
They are believed to be inhabited by mystical beings or spirits, and thus hold spiritual
significance. Consequently, these trees often serve as focal points for rituals, ceremonies, and
gatherings, fostering a sense of community and cultural cohesion.
Moreover, balete trees contribute to the local economy through various means. They
are popular tourist attractions, drawing visitors who are intrigued by their folklore and natural
beauty. Local communities often capitalize on this by offering guided tours, selling
souvenirs, and providing services such as food and accommodation. Additionally, balete trees
support biodiversity by providing habitats for various plant and animal species, which can
indirectly benefit ecotourism initiatives. Furthermore, the wood from balete trees is
occasionally harvested for construction and furniture-making, contributing to the livelihoods
of individuals involved in the timber industry. Overall, balete trees play a multifaceted role in
the socio-economic fabric of the Philippines, blending cultural significance with economic
opportunities.

BALETE IN POLITICAL ASPECT

While not directly tied to political institutions, balete trees have occasionally been
part of political discourse in the Philippines. For instance, protests or rallies may take place
near prominent balete trees, utilizing them as symbolic locations to voice political grievances
or advocate for social change.

BALETE IN RELIGIOUS ASPECT

Balete trees hold significant cultural and religious

significance in the Philippines, deeply rooted in folklore and
belief systems. These trees are often considered sacred and
are believed to be inhabited by spirits, nature deities, or
supernatural beings.
A In Philippine indigenous belief systems,
particularly in animistic traditions, anitos are spirits or deities
revered by local communities. Balete trees are often
considered the dwelling places of these anitos. People offer
prayers, rituals, and sometimes sacrifices at the base of these trees to appease or seek
blessings from the spirits residing within.
Balete trees frequently feature in Philippine mythology and folklore. They are often
depicted as enchanted or mystical places where mythical creatures like fairies, dwarves, or
engkantos (enchanted beings) reside. Stories of encounters with these supernatural beings
around balete trees are common in local folklore.
KALACHUCHI TREE
 Kalachuchi is a small, deciduous tree, 3 to 7 meters high, with a crooked trunk,
smooth and shining stems, succulent, with abundant sticky, milky latex. Bark has a smooth,
papery outer layer which is grey, shining, and constantly exfoliating in small flakes. Wood is
yellowish-white and soft. Branches are thick, fleshy, swollen and leafy at the tips. Leaves are
crowded at the terminal end of the branch, commonly oblong in shape, 20 to 40 centimeters
long, 7 centimeters wide, spirally arranged at the ends of the branches. Flowers are numerous,
fragrant and large, the upper portion whitish, while the inner lower portion yellow, 5 to 6
centimeters long. Fruits are linear-oblong or ellipsoid follicles, with a pointed tip, 15 to 20
centimeters long, 1.5 to 2 centimeters in diameters. Seeds are numerous and winged.

SCIENTIFIC NAME Plumeria Rubra

COMMON NAME Frangipani or temple flower.
PHYLUM Vascular Plant
CLASS Monocots and Eudicotyledons
ORDER Gentianales
FAMILY Apocynaceae
GENUS Plumeria

KALACHUCHI AESTHETIC APPEAL

The Kalachuchi tree, also known as Plumeria, is a beautiful and aesthetically
appealing tree that is popular for its vibrant and fragrant flowers. Let's explore its aesthetic
appeal.
The Kalachuchi tree is renowned for its stunning flowers, which come in a variety of
colors including white, yellow, pink, and red. The flowers have a distinct shape with five
petals arranged in a spiral pattern. Their vibrant hues and delicate fragrance make them a
captivating sight, attracting pollinators like butterflies and bees.
Due to its striking flowers, the Kalachuchi tree is often planted for decorative
purposes. It adds a touch of tropical beauty to gardens, parks, and landscapes. The tree's
elegant and symmetrical shape, coupled with its lush green leaves, creates an appealing
contrast against its colorful blossoms.
The Kalachuchi tree's aesthetic appeal extends beyond its flowers. Its attractive
branching pattern and smooth gray bark add visual interest, even when the tree is not in
bloom. The tree's canopy provides shade and creates a pleasant ambiance, making it an ideal
addition to outdoor spaces like courtyards and patios.
In addition to its aesthetic appeal, the Kalachuchi tree holds cultural significance in
various parts of the world. It is often associated with tropical and subtropical regions,
symbolizing beauty, love, and immortality. The flowers are commonly used in traditional
ceremonies, religious rituals, and even in making leis or floral garlands.
To ensure the Kalachuchi tree's aesthetic appeal is maintained, proper care is
essential. It thrives in warm climates with well-draining soil and requires regular watering
and sunlight. Pruning can help maintain its shape and promote healthy growth. Additionally,
protecting the tree from pests and diseases is crucial for preserving its beauty.
In conclusion, the Kalachuchi tree's aesthetic appeal lies in its beautiful flowers,
ornamental value, versatility, and cultural significance. Its vibrant colors, pleasant fragrance,
and overall graceful appearance make it a delightful addition to any landscape or garden.

KALACHUCHI HISTORICAL
The historical aspects related to the Kalachuchi tree, also known as Plumeria, are not
extensively covered in the search results. However, there is a mention of the Kalachuchi tree
in the context of local history and cultural significance. In Oroquieta City, Philippines, the
Kalachuchi tree is described as a silent witness to the unfolding of history, standing as a fully
grown tree in the 1930s near the Holy Rosary Church. Additionally, the Kalachuchi tree is
grown as an ornamental plant in the Philippines, and its flowers are used in traditional
medicine. While specific historical details may be limited, the presence of the Kalachuchi
tree in certain historical contexts and its cultural significance can be inferred.

KALACHUCI SOCIO-CULTURAL
The Kalachuchi tree, also known as Plumeria, has socio-cultural significance in
various contexts. In the Philippines, the Kalachuchi Beach Resort in Siquijor is a tranquil
seaside resort that draws tourists and locals, showcasing the cultural appeal of the Kalachuchi
tree and its surroundings. In Oroquieta City, Philippines, a lone Kalachuchi tree stands in
front of the Our Lady of the Holy Rosary Church, planted over 130 years ago, representing a
historical and cultural connection to the community. The Kalachuchi flower itself holds
spiritual and symbolic meaning in different cultures, representing love, beauty, treasure, and
new beginnings. Additionally, the Kalachuchi flower is used in traditional medicine,
including Filipino culture, where it is believed to have healing properties for ailments such as
headaches and migraines. While specific socio-cultural aspects may vary, the Kalachuchi tree
and its flower hold significance in various cultural and spiritual contexts.

KALACHUCHI SOCIO-ECONOMIC
The socio-economic aspects related to the Kalachuchi tree, also known as Plumeria,
are not explicitly mentioned. However, it is worth noting that the Kalachuchi tree is often
grown as an ornamental plant, which can contribute to the horticulture industry and provide
economic opportunities for nurseries, landscapers, and flower vendors. Additionally, the
Kalachuchi flower is sometimes used in traditional medicine, which may have socio-
economic implications for communities that rely on herbal remedies. While specific socio-
economic aspects related to the Kalachuchi tree may vary, its cultivation and utilization can
potentially have socio-economic significance in certain contexts.

KALACHUCHI POLITICAL
 The Kalachuchi, also known as Plumeria or Frangipani, holds a somewhat unexpected
yet intriguing political aspect in certain contexts. Native to regions like the Caribbean,
Central America, and Southeast Asia, this fragrant flowering plant has often found itself
entwined with political symbolism and discourse. In some instances, it has been adopted as a
symbol of resistance or rebellion against oppressive regimes. Its vibrant blossoms and sweet
scent have served as emblems of hope and defiance, adorning protest marches and political
rallies.
Conversely, the Kalachuchi's political significance can also be seen in its use as a tool
for diplomacy and soft power. In various cultures, offering a lei or garland made from
Kalachuchi flowers symbolizes friendship, peace, and goodwill. Political leaders and
diplomats have utilized such gestures in diplomatic exchanges to foster positive relations and
bridge divides between nations or factions.
Furthermore, the cultivation and preservation of Kalachuchi gardens in public spaces
can carry political undertones, reflecting a government's commitment to environmental
conservation, beautification efforts, or cultural heritage preservation. In this sense, the
presence or absence of Kalachuchi plants in urban landscapes can be interpreted as a
reflection of a government's priorities and values.
Overall, while the Kalachuchi may not be traditionally associated with overtly
political symbolism, its presence in various contexts illustrates how nature and politics can
intersect, influencing perceptions, policies, and power dynamics in society.

KALACHUCHI RELIGIOUS ASPECT

The Kalachuchi tree, holds religious significance in various cultures. Let's explore its
religious aspect.
In some cultures, the Kalachuchi flower is used in religious ceremonies and offerings.
It is considered a symbol of purity, innocence, and beauty. The flower's vibrant colors and
fragrance make it a fitting choice for these rituals
In Filipino culture, the Kalachuchi flower is not only used in religious ceremonies but
also holds significance in traditional medicine. The flower, along with its leaves and bark, has
been used to treat various ailments such as coughs, colds, and fever
The Plumeria flower, which includes the Kalachuchi, is still used today in religious
rituals in Hindu, Buddhist, Balinese, and Swahili cultures. The exact meaning and
significance of the flower in these religions may vary
The Kalash people, residing in the Hindu Kush region, have a unique animistic and
polytheistic religion. Their religious practices and rituals have been influenced by ancient
Hinduism and the beliefs of neighboring areas. The Kalash still maintain different religious
practices and rituals, including offering goat sacrifices at shrines and altars scattered
throughout their valley. They also have a close relationship with crows, considering them to
be their ancestors
In conclusion, the Kalachuchi tree and its flowers hold religious significance in
various cultures. They are used in religious ceremonies, offerings, and traditional medicine.
The exact meaning and significance may vary depending on the specific culture and religious
context.

STAR APPLE TREE

 It is a medium-sized tree and may reach heights of up to 30 m (100 ft) in natural forest
habitats, though it is more commonly 15 to 20 m (50 to 65 ft) tall. On open sites, it develops a
short trunk supporting a densely leafy, rounded crown of wide-spreading branches that droop
at the ends, creating a weeping appearance. The bark is dark brown, rough and fissured.

SCIENTIFIC NAME Chrysoophyllum Cainito

TAGALOG NAME Kaymito
COMMON NAME Golden-leaf tree (English), Caimitier (French)
PHYLUM Vascular Plant
CLASS Magnoliopsida
ORDER Ericales
FAMILY Sapotaceae
GENUS Chysophyllum

STAR APPLE AESTHETIC APPEAL

The Star Apple tree, with its lush foliage and captivating fruit, exudes an enchanting
aesthetic appeal. Its broad, glossy leaves form a verdant canopy that dances gracefully in the
gentle breeze, casting dappled shadows on the ground below. The tree's branches, adorned
with clusters of vibrant, star-shaped flowers, create a spectacle of natural beauty, attracting
pollinators with their sweet fragrance. As the seasons turn, the tree bears fruit that is as
visually stunning as it is delicious. The Star Apple's glossy, purple or green skin glistens in
the sunlight, inviting admiration from onlookers. When sliced open, its translucent flesh
reveals a mesmerizing star pattern, a testament to nature's intricate design. With its
combination of lush foliage, delicate blooms, and luscious fruit, the Star Apple tree stands as
a true embodiment of botanical elegance, captivating all who encounter its ethereal allure.

STAR APPLE HISTORICAL

The Star Apple tree holds historical significance in the Philippines, deeply rooted in
the country's cultural and agricultural heritage. Known locally as "kaimito" or "sintesis," it
has been cultivated for centuries across the archipelago. Indigenous communities revered the
tree not only for its sweet, juicy fruits but also for its medicinal properties. Throughout
history, the Star Apple tree has been cherished for its shade, providing respite from the
tropical sun, and its timber, used in construction and woodworking. Beyond its practical uses,
the tree has also found its place in folklore and traditions, symbolizing abundance and
fertility in Filipino culture. Today, although facing challenges such as deforestation and
urbanization, efforts to preserve and cultivate the Star Apple tree continue, ensuring its
enduring legacy in the Philippines.

STAR APPLE SOCIO-CULTURAL

The Star Apple tree holds significant socio-cultural importance in the Philippines,
deeply embedded within the fabric of Filipino traditions and folklore. Known locally as
"kaimito" or "sampalokan," it not only serves as a source of sustenance but also carries
symbolic value in Filipino culture. Its lush foliage and sweet, milky fruit are celebrated in
various culinary dishes, desserts, and refreshments, reflecting the Philippines' rich
gastronomic heritage. Beyond its culinary uses, the Star Apple tree features prominently in
Filipino folklore, often associated with tales of enchantment and mystique. Its dense canopy
provides shade and shelter, making it a favored spot for communal gatherings and storytelling
sessions in rural communities. Moreover, the Star Apple tree's resilience and ability to thrive
in the Philippines' tropical climate further elevate its status, symbolizing endurance and
adaptation in the face of challenges. Thus, the Star Apple tree stands as more than just a fruit-
bearing plant; it embodies a cultural identity deeply rooted in Filipino society, nurturing
connections between people and their natural environment while preserving cherished
traditions for generations to come.

STAR APPLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC

The Star Apple tree holds socio-economic significance in the Philippines, particularly
in rural communities where it contributes to livelihoods and local economies. Cultivation of
this tree provides a source of income for farmers through the sale of its fruits, which are
popular for their sweet flavor and unique texture. Additionally, the Star Apple tree serves
environmental roles, such as soil erosion prevention and biodiversity support, enhancing the
sustainability of agricultural landscapes. In some areas, the tree also holds cultural value,
being integrated into traditional practices and local cuisines. However, challenges such as
pests, diseases, and changing climate patterns can impact its cultivation and economic
potential. Efforts to promote sustainable practices and improve cultivation techniques can
further enhance the socio-economic benefits derived from the Star Apple tree in the
Philippines, ensuring its continued contribution to rural livelihoods and community well-
being.

STAR APPLE POLITICAL

The Star Apple tree holds a unique place in the political landscape of the Philippines.
While seemingly unrelated to politics, this tree has been used metaphorically to depict the
complexities and challenges within the country's political sphere. Just as the Star Apple tree
bears fruit with a tough exterior and sweet interior, Philippine politics often presents a facade
of stability and progress while harboring underlying issues and controversies. The tree's lush
foliage can symbolize the abundance of resources in the Philippines, yet like the fruit hidden
within its protective shell, these resources are often unevenly distributed or mismanaged due
to political corruption and inefficiency. Additionally, the Star Apple tree's resilience in
various climates mirrors the endurance of the Filipino people amidst political turmoil and
adversity. Thus, the Star Apple tree serves as a poignant symbol reflecting the intricate
interplay between politics, society, and the natural environment in the Philippines.

STAR APPLE RELIGIOUS ASPECT

 In the Philippines, the Star Apple tree, known locally as "kaimito" or "sabit," holds
cultural and religious significance. Beyond its luscious fruit, which is enjoyed by many
Filipinos, the tree carries symbolic weight in various spiritual contexts. In some indigenous
belief systems, the Star Apple tree is regarded as sacred, often associated with rituals and
ceremonies. Its broad, dense foliage provides shade and shelter, making it a gathering place
for communal activities and religious gatherings. Additionally, the fruit's star-like pattern
when sliced crosswise has been interpreted as a symbol of divine order or cosmic harmony by
some individuals. Over generations, the Star Apple tree has become intertwined with Filipino
spirituality, serving as a reminder of the interconnectedness between nature and the divine in
the rich tapestry of Filipino culture.