University of Nueva Caceres

Pre Board Examination

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

______________________________________________________________________________

FOUNDATION OF GUIDANCE

INSTRUCTION: select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one
answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to each letter of your choices on the
answer sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURE ALLOWED.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which is not part of the Guidance philosophy of basic education institutions ( BEIS)?

A. Guidance is for all students

B. Guidance is counseling
C. Guidance is for the productive use of full potentials
D. All of the statement given

2. Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the role of values in the
counseling process?
A. Counselors should hold definite and absolute values
B. Counselors avoid imposing their values
C. Counselors should directly attempt to define a client’s values, attitudes, beliefs and
behavior
D. Counselors should strictly keep their own values separate from their own counseling
practice

3. According to Freud, personality is mostly established by what age?

A. 10 C. 15
B. 20 D. 5

4. Some theories feel the group therapy differs from group counseling in that_________
A. group therapy addresses a less disturbed population of clients
B. group counseling would be of a shorter duration
C. group counseling requires more training
D. group therapy would be of longer duration
5. Carl Roger was able to formulate the steps of the client-centered approach. This mark the___
stages of guidance development’
A. Existential C. Amorphous
B. Non- directive D. Phenomenological

6. The term contextualism applies that

A. the notion of world view is highly inaccurate
B. multicultural counseling is the oldest sub-specialty in the profession
C. projective tests are more accurate than objective measures when performing cross-
cultural counseling
D. behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which the behavior occurs

7. The concern was to identify whether a particular child has a learning disability and what
would be the necessary programs to be given to the child. To whom should the counselor seek
primary consultation?
A. The child or the student C. Parents
B. Teachers D. School administrator

8. Behavior therapy is applicable for:

A. Individual group and institutions
B. Group
C. Individual
D. Institutions

9. Gestalt therapy that focuses on awareness in the here and now incorporates__________
A. conditioned reflex therapy
B. client centered therapy
C. Psychodrama
D. cognitive therapy

10. Which of the following has not been found to be related to children's sex-role attitudes
A. Socio-economic status C. Fathered behavior
B. Parental warmth D. Religion

11. In conducting group work, most experts agree that generally

A. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques
B. unstructured exercises are more effective than structured techniques
C. structured exercise are just as effective as unstructured techniques
D. unstructured technique are unethical to use since they can be dangerous to the depressed
or the anxious client
12. In reference to techniques, ethics that techniques___________
A. be used mechanically C. enhance power
B. Have hidden agenda D. have rationale

13. The shadow is a dark type that

A. is the judge of the superego
B. does not exist on psychoanalytic theory
C. is the selfish side of the ego
D. in compasses everything a person refuses to acknowledge

14. What is the current formulation of a person-centered therapy?

A. Call for therapy challenge the belief system of clients
B. Encourage an eclectic spirit in using a variety of methods and allows the therapist greater
freedom to participate more actively in the relationship
C. Stresses the role of cognitive factors and therapy
D. Encourages an eclectic spirit in using a wider variety of methods

15. Positive transference is to love as negative transference is to hostility, ambivalent

transference is to___________.
A. uncertainty C. hate
B. anger D. admiration

16. What year was the Law, RA 9258 enacted that made it imperative for all counselors to
secure a license before practicing?
A. 2004 C. 2003
B. 2006 D. 2005

17. The counselor who does not carry the problem of his/ her clients during leisure hours is
able to
A. cooperate and deal with anyone
B. maintain healthy boundary
C. derive meaning from work
D. possess effective interpersonal skills

18. A guidance counselor realized that Marina had a conflict with Freud’s____________because
the student exhibits extreme organizational skills wherein her mind is “everything is in its place
for everything”
A. phallic type C. latency stage
B. anal stage D. oral stage
19. During a group activity, Mary and Martha giggles and pass notes to each other constantly. To
respond to this type of behavior, the leader corrective action is to
A. discuss their feeling about -the behavior with the group
B. refrain from talking to them
C. ignore them
D. discontinue the activity

20. Babbling is an example of

A. holophrasing C. prelinguistic speech
B. morpheme speech D. linguistic

21. Two of the major founders of solution-focused brief therapy are

A. John Walter & Jane Peller
B. Michael White & David Epsalton
C. Insoo kim Berg & Stone de Sharer
D. Tom Anderson & Bill O'Hanlon

22. Which of the theoretical approaches to counseling listed below is NOT existential and
experiential?
A. Transactional C. Rational-emotive
B. Gestalt D. Person-centered

23. Whose idea is the importance of the process of accommodation and assimilation?
A. Carl Rogers C. Jean Piaget
B. Sigmund Freud D. Albert Bandura

24. Cristy had just graduated from high school and feels very uncertain about her future. She is
overwhelmed by all. the career choices that are available and she doesn't know -what she would
become in the future? Erikson would say that Cristy is going through ________ crisis.
A. industry versus inferiority
B. generativity versus stagnation
C. autonomy versus doubt
D. identity versus confusion

25. who was the first pioneer to focus heavily a socio-cultural issues?
A. Erikson C. Adler
B. Kohlberg D. Parsons

26. When the facilitator in a group activity cannot adopt to the language of the members, he
should
A. force the members to adopt his language
B. get a co-facilitator
C. ask one of the members to do the translation
D. decline to facilitate the group

27. What term is applied to the discrimination against other people based on their age?
A. Altruism C. Density of tone
B. Aging process D. Ageism

28. Julia, a fourth year student in a private school feels anxious about her physical attractiveness.
According to Fastinger's theory of social comparison, Julia will determine her physical looks by
A, comparing herself to professional model
B. standing in front of a mirror
C. trying to get as many dates as possible
D. comparing herself with other students in school

29. The guidance team should prepare reports of accomplishments and objective results of their
programs. Which of the following is the best reason behind the practice?
A. To justify their request for facilities
B. To know whether there is a need for additional guidance personnel
C. To be prepared for the schools' accreditation
D. To make sure that the program is responsive to the needs of the students

30. Before the start of the counseling session, Mrs. Cacho asked Jenna her counselee to sign a
counseling contract outlining her qualifications, counseling schedules, professional fee,
insurance, legal clauses, and the work required of Janna. This is an example of a/an __________.
A. Privileged Communication C. Beneficence
B. Informed consent D. Confidentiality

31. What is the term applied to the ability of some groups to dominate others?
A. Darwinism C. Conflict paradigm
B. Functionalism D. Positivism

32. Who among the following is an existentialist?

A. Rollo May C. Erick Erickson
B. Ivan Pavlov D. Irvin Satir

33. A client comes to you for help with an eating disorder. You have no experience or training in
this area. Ethically, you should
A. Tell the client you will do a comprehensive internet research on the topic and then begin
seeing her
B. Keep the client and work in her general lack of self-esteem
C. Refer the client to a colleague who is trained and experience with this type of case
D. Explain that a symptom such as eating or not eating is not the real problem and that
counseling focuses in real underlying issues

34. Countertransference refers to the

A. clients need to be special in the therapist's eyes
B. projection of the client
C. realistic perceptions of the counselor
D. irrational reactions therapists have toward their client

35. In Gestalt therapy unexpressed emotions are known as

A. the topdog C. the emerging gestalt
B. unfinished business D. form/figure language

36. Which of the following therapy is well-suited for people with adjustment disorders and
problems of anxiety and depression?
A. Existential Therapy C. Psychoanalytic Therapy
B. Behavior Therapy D. Solution Focused Brief therapy

37. To get specific information about the client the counselor would most likely use
A. closed-ended questions
B. request for clarification
C. open-ended questions
D. accest

38. A therapist who says to a patient, "Say whatever comes to mind", is practicing
A. directive counseling C. paraphrasing
B. transactional analysis D. free association

39. In a group counseling, when a member is speaking, the BEST thing the counselor should do
is:
A. nod as a sign of reassurance
B. try to face the group member
C. not to face the group member, as this does not appear genuine in a group setting
D. smile while listening

40. Who serves as the chair of the Continuing Professional Development Council (CPDC) of
PRC?
A. Any of the three members of the PRE
B. Chairperson of the PRC
C. Member of the technical Committee for guidance
D. President of PGCA

41. What do you call a developmental change as a result of the aging process?
A. learning C. maturation
B. growth D. development

42. A guidance counselor needs to pay attention to a client's unconscious pattern of _________.
A. selective attention C. verbal behavior
B. subject jumps D. verbal underlining

43. According to the existentialists, anxiety is generated by:

A. the lack of guarantee in life
B. stress in interpersonal relationship
C. a neurotic striving to be better than others
D. the striving to overcome feelings of inadequacy

44. Saying to a client "Huwag mong isipin yan." is considered as a non-listening behavior. It 'is
an example of __________.
A. Advice giving C. Sharing your ideas
B. Interrogating D. Not accepting feelings

45. W.D. Lefener in 1950, defined guidance as a system of organized phases of the educational
process which helps the youth grows to have the power and experience to uniquely contribute to
society. Which guidance principle supports this definition?
A. Education and guidance support and complement each other to maximize students' growth
and development
B. Faculty and administrators' supports are crucial to the success of the guidance program
C. Guidance personnel perform specific tasks distinct and separate from teaching and
disciplining
D. Guidance is a fundamental and integral part of the educational system

46. You have been subpoenaed to provide testimony for a child custody of a 12 year old girl.
You are asked to disclose information that you consider confidential. What do you think is the
BEST thing to do?
A. Ask permission from the parents
B. Keep everything confidential
C. Ask permission from the child
D. Disclose the information

47. What is the deepest level of .the psyche which contains the accumulation of inherited
experiences of human and prehuman species?
A. Superego C. Collective unconscious

B. Id D. Ego

48. A guidance counselor was asked to sit in a, school disciplinary board meeting to assist in
deciding a case .and decide what the sanction would be. What should you do?
A. Accept the invitation
B. Suggest appropriate sanction
C. Turn down the invitation and explain your role
D. Consider it as part of your function

49. Which stage of life is the longest span of any period in human development?
A. Adolescence C. Older adulthood
B. Adulthood D. Childhood
50. Irene has her frequent headaches as her problem. The Counselor diagnosed that Irene's
headaches are psychosomatic. which is a result of her misunderstanding with her father. Irene
insists that she just wants to get well. What counseling philosophy or principle should be BEST
adhered to by the counselor?

A. Counseling implies assistance given by persons in making wise decisions, plans,

interpretations ‘and adjustments in critical situations in life
B. Counseling is based on the recognition of the dignity and worth of the individual life
C. Counseling is focused on helping the individual realize and actualize his best self, rather than
in solving isolated problems
D. Counseling is client-centered being concerned with the optimum development of the whole
person

51. In a field trip for Grade 1 pupils, you were designated as the chairperson. Going back to
school you noticed that one of the pupils was not fetched by his/her parent or guardian. What
would be the BEST course of action to take?
A. Leave the pupil since he/she is anyway in the school
B. Inform the principal that one pupil is still in school
C. Wait till the pupil will be fetched
D. Call the parent/guardian to inform them that the pupil is already in school and you are already
leaving

52. A counselor whose theoretical orientation comes from behavioral counseling believes
that__________
A. the counselor should help the client to achieve a sense of self-actualization
B. the unconditional positive regard of the counselor toward the client will automatically produce
positive behavior change
C. most behavior is learned, and therefore subject to change through specifically designed
technique.
D. the counselor-client relationship should mimic the parent-child relationship of the client's past

53. "Bad Faith" refers to

A. the inauthenticity of not accepting personal freedom
B. failing to live in accordance with the scriptures
C. living with anxiety and guilt
D. ignoring the spiritual aspects of counseling

54. Gestalt means

A. visual acuity
B. a form, figure or configuration unified as a whole
C. a group
D. a dyad

55. Who among the following said that human intelligence 1s developed ia a
sequential manner?
A. Beck C. Piaget
B. Thorndyke D. Bruner
56. Adlerian's theory focuses on
A. information C. motivation
B. needs D. individuation

57. What is the counselor's intervention which closely follows client verbalization?
A. Reestatement of content C. Confrontation
B. Reflection of feelings D. Positive regard

58. Which of the following message would be most effective in changing attitudes?
A. A message that contains information and mild threats
B. A message that contains threats only
C. A message that contains strong threats and information
D. A message that contains information only

59. The Philippine guidance philosophy is in itself ethnophilosophy. This implies that it exudes
certain characteristics EXCEPT______________
A. Anonymity
B. Based on a communal mind
C. Absence of abstract logic
D. Dependent on individual philosophy

60. Which of the following is NOT a guideline for reducing perceptual factors?
A. Recognize external courses of behavior
B. Increase customer awareness
C. Be aware of stereotypes biases .and assumptions
D. Emphasize objective awareness

61. Establishing an atmosphere of total acceptance is a basic tenet of__________________

A. Psychoanalytic theory C. Behavioral theory
B. Client-centered theory D. Gestalt theory

62. It is the state of being in which an individual is in touch with one's existence and what it
means to be alive.
A. Self-disclosure C. Self-efficancy
B. Self-awareness D. Self-actualization

63. Marlon's father believes that he has a drinking problem. When Marlon was confronted by his
father, he claims that drinking is not a problem. Marlon's reaction is an example of what type of
defense mechanism?
A. Rationalization C. Denial
B. Sublimation D. Projection

64. The philosophical approach which holds that time knowledge comes through
correct reasoning is
A. Empiricism C. Rationalism
B. Phenomenology D. Existentialism

65. Reyna approached you feeling sad and depressed. She told you, Princess a classmate kept on
bullying by telling her "tanga, idiot and pandak". Princess even asked her other classmates to join
her in humiliating Reyna on-line. As a Counselor, assure her that you will do something about
the situation. Which of the following will you NOT do?
A. Ask Princess to apologize to Reyna
B. Validate the story of Reyna
C. Recommend the suspension of Princess
D. Take the case to the Principal

66. On the perspective of the clientele, which of the following is NOT taken into consideration
when preparing a guidance program?
A. Competence leadership and qualifications of school counselor.
B. Students' developmental stage and adjustment needs.
C. Regular and systematic needs assessment of the students.
D. Pupils environment, culture, and psychological climate.

67. Ms. Centena is a Counselor in a SPED school. What particular specialization in psychology
would help her determine intervention technique for promoting appropriate behavior that she can
share and collaborate with parents and teachers?
A. Comparative psychology C. Developmental psychology
B. Ecological psychology D. Social psychology

68. self-disclosure involve: ________________

A. "war stories"
B. letting it all hang out
C. dumping negative feelings on the group
D. sharing self-knowledge with the group

69. A manufacturing company designed a yearly information drive on the crisis and safety
management system among its production employees. What group guidance goal is achieved in
this practice?
A. Sustainable productivity C. Behavior Change
B. Positive Mental Health D. Personal Effectiveness

70. The use of specific intervention to specific problems must be based on empirical supported
treatments. This integration of the best available research expertise in the context of clients
characteristics, culture and preferences is referred to as
A. practice-based practice
B. evidenced-based practice
C. performance-based practice
D. counselor paradigm

71. Viktor Frankl is to Logotheraphy while William Glasser is to

A. RBT C. Reality therapy
B. Rational-emotive imagery D. Rational therapy

72. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental belief of a cognitive therapist?

A. People tend to generate their own difficulties
B. People have the potential to be both rational and irrational
C. People are OK, thus each person has validity, importance, equality of respect
D. People can attain effective patterns of change their own actions
73. According to Jones' definition in 1950 "Guidance does not solve the problem for an
individual rather it helps the individual solve his problems." What particular premise is he
fostering?
A. Human beings can develop their own insights
B. Every individual is unique and posses worth and dignity
C. Every individual has needs that must be attended to
D. Guidance should be extended to all

74. Which child is most likely to enjoy being the center of attention and tend to prefer adult
company and uses adult language?
A. the youngest child C. the second child
B. the oldest child D. the only child

75. What constitutes quality of a guidance center?

A. Number of test materials and facilities
B. Number of guidance counselors
C. Number of computers available to the counselor
D. Time for counseling and learning

76. Attempting to provoke change within society using tools such as educational activities
coalition building, lobbying and media communication is
A. advocacy
B. population education
C. consumer-driven health care
D. cultural competence

77. A process of recognizing the competence of a practitioner of a profession by officially

authorizing them to-use the title adopted by the profession is ______
A. Registering C. Certification
B. Credentialing D. Accrediting

78. All of the following are techniques commonly used in solution-focused therapy EXCEPT
for_________
A. exception questions C. scaling questions
B. miracle question d. functional assessment

79. On the process of guidance as illustrated by Matthewson, what is the organized framework
that program activities follow?
A. Philosophy of Guidance C. Program Structure
B. Trained Personnel D. Guidance Policies
80. All of the following are true about social skills training EXCEPT:
A. it is psychoeducational approach to. interpersonal growth
B. it requires clients to engage in catharsis
C. it involves modeling & reinforcement techniques
D. it uses role playing exercises to stimulate social situations

81. Lety, a grade 8 student came to the counseling office and expressed her concerns about
feeling extremely sad because she always gets low grades in her Science Test. When the
counselor asked her about the goal she wanted to achieve for the series of sessions undertaken,
Lety said she wants to be the number one in her class and would get perfect scores in
the test. The client's goals is an example of:
A. Uncoordinated goals C. Unfocused goals
B. Unspecific goals D. Unrealistic goals

82. Which of the following is NOT a concept of operant conditioning?

A. Law of Apperception C. Consequences
B. Reinforcer D. Law of Exercise

83. In the framework of Freud's development theory: the stage that lasts from about age 6 to
puberty is called______________
A. identity C. productivity
B. industry D. latency

84. Who among the following would say that regardless of culture. humans have an instinct to
fight
A. Ellis:Honfer C. Glasser:Roger
B. Freud:Lorenz D. Maslow:Rogers

85. Which of the following is TRUE? Dual relationships might be a threat to the member
involved
A. Dual relationships might be a threat to the member involved
B. Dual relationships are unhealthy for it defeats the purpose of the group
C. Dual relationships are prohibited because it may foster dependency
D. dual relationships may lead to destruction of the group leader
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86. While counseling, you noticed an immediate change of behavior in the client. Based on your
assessment your client is showing psychotic reactions. What BEST course of action will you
take?
A. assess the client more :
B. Have your department head check on him first
C. Refer the client immediately to a psychiatrist
D. Stop, then focus on relaxing the client

87. What psychological perspective concentrates on internal determinants

A. Purism C. Utilitarianism
B. Subjectivism D. Objectivism

88. Although the client admitted his mistake and unpleasant behavior, the counselor still showed
acceptance and expressed caring and nurturance. What trait was manifested by the guidance
counselor?
A. empathy
B. Unconditional positive regard
C. flexibility
D. genuineness

89. Gestalt therapy emphasizes

A. awareness in the here and now and dreamwork
B. traumatic childhood memories
C. transference issues
D. cognitive-behavioral issues

90. A completely staffed guidance office consist of the following EXCEPT

A. security guards and janitors
B. guidance head and guidance counselor
C. homeroom and classroom teachers
D. parents and community

91. Most ethical dilemma are related to

A. diagnosis C. research
B. confidentiality D. testing

92. What is the basic premise of REBT the theory developed by Albert Ellis?
A. Rational thinking leads to emotional deficits
B. The environment is the major determinant of behavior
C. Irrational thought patterns result from depression
D. Psychological problems arise from irrational thought patterns
93. Choose which of the following would be the role of a guidance counselor.
A. Interpret and analyze the grade-point average of students in relation to their achievement.
B. Sending students have who are not in their uniform
C. Teaching classes when the teacher is absent
D. Perform disciplinary action

94. A calm and supportive facial expression is exhibited by________________

A. Nodding C. Frowning
B. Raised eyebrows D. Head shaking

95. One philosophical basis of guidance is that “organisms react as a whole" which means that
the total life-span: of an’ individual must be taken into account in counseling. From whose
perspective was this founded?
A. John Brewer C. Frank- Parsons
B. Max Wertheimer D. Carl Rogers

96. A 72 year old woman you are counseling in a family, reminds you of your mother and this is
bringing up unresolved childhood issues for you as a counselor. This is an example of_________
A. ambivalent transference C. positive tranference
B. negative transference D. countertranference

97. Which of the following approaches’ recognize that our brain ‘functions as a control system to
get us what we want?
A. REBT C. Solution-focused therapy
B. Adlerian therapy D. Reality -therapy

98. Unconscious processes which serve to minimize anxiety and protect the self from severe id
or superego demands are called__________________
A. ego defense mechanism C. slips of the tongue
B. latent dream material D. id defense mechanism

99. A more commonly used term for mental hygiene is mental health, but the latest jargon that
refers to the latter is ________
A. psychological wholeness C. psychological wellness
B. psychological healing D. psychological well-being

100. How does ego-defense mechanism of identification help a person cope with anxiety?
A. It protects them from a sense of being a failure
B. It swallows the values and standards of others.
C. It helps explain a bruised ego
D. It enhances their feelings of self-worth and protects them from a sense of being a failure

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