SPEECHES

Public speaking is a speech-making before a large body of audience in a formal

situation wherein you, the speaker, display your talents for eloquence and oratory. It is
communication of ideas using words actions to let other know what is happening in your
head. Public speaking is an art of facing a group of people and communicating to them
your thoughts and feelings by means of effective speech. It is direct communication with
the audience – the creation of an idea in other minds through the stimuli of words, facial
expressions, and movements.
The necessary requirements in a speech act are: SPEAKER, AN AUDIENCE, and
AN OCCASION.

IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING

Voice – the sound produced by the vibration of the vocal cords
Voice speech – the highness and lowness of tone
Voice volume – the loudness and carrying power of voice .
Voice quality – that which distinguishes one voice from another when pitch, volume, and
duration, are the same. For instance, a voice may be hoarse, nasal, mellow, etc,
Speech rate and pause – consist of number of words uttered per minute and the cessation
of speaking within or between sentences
Enunciation and pronunciation – the formation of voice into words and the manner of
utterance of words
Gestures – involve the movements of arms, shoulders, hands or head in the physical
expression of thought.
Posture – the position of bearing of the body.
Facial expression – the aspect and general appearance of the face.
Organization of thought – the logical arrangement of ideas.
Composition – manner of formulating ideas into effective sentences.
Phrasing – the grouping of words into small unit of thoughts. .
Audience contact – establishing mental and contact with the audience by talking to its
members.
Motivation – the use of appeal and subject matter which are important to the audience
and induce audience action.
 BAD VOICE QUALITIES
Breathing – caused by failure to bring the vocal cords closely enough together.
Metallic – caused usually by too much energy in making the tone and by tightness of
throat muscles.
Thinness – caused by lack of resonance.
Hoarseness – caused by a cold or by strain through misuse.
Falsetto – caused by getting resonance from the back part of the hard palate.
Weakness – caused by too little breath and vigor.
Nasality – caused by letting the soft palate fall down too much.

FORMS PREPARED SPEECH

Five types of speech evolve out the way you prepare your speech and manner by
which you will deliver your talk.
THE IMPROMPTU TALK. This speaking without preparation where you find yourself in
an unforeseen situation requiring you to give a quick response to something said during
a meeting or unprepared comment contribute when men are honored and events are
commemorated.
THE EXTEMPORANEOUS TALK. You have ample time to prepare your speech but you
will also have adequate time to rehearse your speech prior to facing your audience.
THE MEMORIZED SPEECH. The reciting of the speech from memory is used with
success by many speakers, you develop a sense of confidence to give your speech
exactly as you have committed it to memory.
SPEAKING WITH NOTES. You arm yourself with notes to help you remember the points
of your speech. This kind of speaking is more advantageous than speaking from a
manuscript.
SPEAKING FROM A MANUSCRIPT. This type of speaking is not public speaking in the
sense that it fulfills the need for verbatim delivery. In radio, on important occasions of
state, e.g. public pronouncements of government, dedications, etc. In this type of
speaking, a speaker reads from a manuscript rather than deliver it. While this kind of
speaking maintains a sense of continuity ideas, a logical sequence of thoughts, and
expresses a sense of security the speaker, it is not effective as the other types of speaking
already discussed. This is a speech ready for publication.
 FORMS OF SPEECHES FOR SPECIAL OCCASIONS
1. THE INTERVIEW. An interview is purposive conversation aimed at gathering
information or at persuading. Usually, interviewing is more of a business
communication skill. For this reason, the interview is a practical skill. All of us will apply
for a job at one time or another.
2. THE INTRODUCTION. There are times when we are called upon to introduce a
speaker
3. THE ANNOUNCEMENT. Making an announcement is speaking briefly to present
information or to promote an idea or event. Actually, an announcement is like the
persuasive or informative speech.
4. THE WELCOME TALK. The welcome talk is given to make the person feel wanted
and comfortable. Also this type of a talk serves to establish a friendly relationship
between the visitor and the host group.
5. THE NOMINATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF NOMINATION SPEECH. The
nominations of candidates for the offices are an integral part of democratic
governmental procedures. Many people have been raised to political eminence
through the direct influence of nomination speeches.
6. THE PRESENTING AND RECEIVING OF AWARDS SPEECH. This kind of talk
comes to the fore during moments when you present or receive an award.
7. THE RADIO OR TELEVISION TALK. Radio and television speech has much the
same purpose as other short-talk type of speaking. In a radio or television speech,
you use a microphone and/or camera as you talk to group of listeners through
electronic devices.

FORMS OF SPEECHES IN GENERAL PURPOSES

1. THE INFORMATIVE SPEECH. In the informative speech, the speaker’s intention to
inform the audience is often blended with his desire for audience belief.
2. THE INSPIRATIONAL SPEECH. Speeches whose aim is to impress or to elevate the
spirit are inspirational in nature. They arouse in the listeners emotional associations.
3. THE ENTERTAINING OR GRACEFUL SPEECH. This speech of entertainment has
for its main purpose the enjoyment of the audience by telling them light-hearted or
funny stories.
4. THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH. When a speaker wishes the audience to do something
about the situation he presents and he will not be content unless he gets a definite
over response, then he is performing a persuasive speech.
5. THE ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH. Speeches intended to induce belief by force of
facts, reasons, and manner of presentation.