Research Draft 1 3
Research Draft 1 3
Research Draft 1 3
Undergraduate Research
Submitted to the Faculty of the
Institute of Management in Business and Allied Profession
In Partial Fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management
BASAN, NICOLE A.
SACRO, MARIEL G.
SANCHEZ, MARIEZZA C.
SARCIA, MARY ANN T.
TUAZON, JAMAICA B.
Page
Introduction …………………………………………... 1
Hypothesis …………………………………………… 8
Synthesis …………………………………………… 34
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Sampling Technique…………………………………………….
References …………………………………………………………………….
Chapter 1
1.1. Introduction
There is no doubt that the accessibility of technology makes our work that
uses physical strengths and mental skills lessen and we can rely on it to help
us in our daily lives. Numerous technologies created over the years such as
tools and machinery to help us work easier and faster. During 1980, the
financial exchange that occurs electronically via the internet. The transfer of
process in these payments. Buyers and sellers use online payment apps to
utilizing an e-wallet, a user does not need to bring cash or a credit card. It
enables people to obtain products that match their needs and desires in a
Online payment has grown and become popular over the years during
and tap, you can already pay your bills. In the food service industry, they are
can pay for their food using Gcash or Maya and other online payment
now the exception rather than the rule, and for some people, this poses a
serious issue. The current situation, which shows a lack of client readiness to
use technology during the payment process, supports this issue. Additionally,
among customers, physical cash payments remain the most common means
of payment. The lack of study into the contactless payment user experience
take pleasure in their orders at home. It's unclear, though, if using a mobile
to mobile
2
payments are facilitated by their perceptions of the hassle of cash, the
quick access to capital resources along with its security is what drives the
use of online payment transactions widening the gap from systems based on
physical money. However, there are still some drawbacks in using cashless
The present study will focus on the online payment transaction that is
timely and relevant to this day and assess the level of acceptance on paying
online from the fast-food service establishment. This study also looks into
how customers perceive contactless payment and the variables that affect
that.
stop, you will see at least one fast-food restaurant such as McDonalds,
3
Jollibee, and Chowking in any direction and barangay San Dionisio is no
listed in the first district of the city with an area of 6.626 km2. The barangay is
located on the western area of Dr. Santos Avenue (previously Sucat Road),
and parallels the Elpidio Quirino Avenue (former Calle Real), with De Leon
Street and Aldana Avenue defining its borders with La Huerta and Manuyo
Avida Sucat and SM City Sucat complexes, the Irasan Complex logistics
hub, and the region surrounding the Evacom Plaza on the C-5 Road South
Area. The barangay of San Dionisio is the second largest barangay in the
city and the third largest in terms of city’s population with a total of 72, 522
As the second largest in terms of land area, it also occupied large fast-
which is the selected fast-food of the present study. There are McDonalds’
and Jollibee in Evacom Plaza. One Jollibee near Olivarez Hospital and
College, Chowking and Jollibee inside SM City Sucat and there are three
always customers and locals who love to eat at fast-food restaurants. Thus,
there are always transactions happening. With the rise of mobile phones,
4
customers may have at least one online payment application in their mobile
services.
humans utilized a bartering system rather than money. Bartering is the direct
exchange of goods and services, which means that early man would barter
what he had in excess for what he required. In the 17th century, the first
actual paper money as we know it today was introduced in around 1635. The
innovation of payment continued in the 19th century around 1966 where the
first credit card was introduced. And in the 2000s, online payments and
the growing number of people willing to spend time on the internet and even
buy products online, the world gained its first e-wallet, PayPal, in 1998.
decade, some in the form of e-wallets, such as PayPal, and others in the
form of vouchers or bank transfers, allowing individuals all over the world to
last decade, buyers have been more eager to pay online for the things they
which are now available on our cellphones. This spans from normal debit
5
we can utilize on various e-commerce stores and in-store.
(AlternativePayments.com, 2021)
and PayMaya facilitating digital transactions via smartphones without the use
security, accuracy, efficiency, better sales, and risk reduction. Although there
and bill payment. (Managuelod et. al, 2023) The Philippine economy's unique
cashless payments.
Gcash and Maya are two largest online platforms in the Philippines
that enable cashless payments in the market while also providing choices
contributed to the country becoming cashless. GCash users can use the app
to fund their wallets and send money to other GCash wallets, e-wallet
than simply another e-wallet service. Users can buy gaming pins on popular
games and platforms, and the company provides travel services ranging from
use of online payments due to its some disadvantages and some are non-
tech-
6
savvy in the study of Galo et. al. (2018), the Philippines cannot yet
required for online purchase and online billing. It was also highlighted that
many people are unfamiliar with this form of payment technique, which is
why its popularity has not spread throughout the country. People who use
barangay San Dionisio to conduct the study which are McDonalds’, Jollibee,
and Chowking. It is anticipated that the findings of the study will determine
1.2. Sex
7
1.3. Employment Status
3. What are the barriers or challenges that customers face when using
4.2. Convenience
4.3. Usefulness
4.4. Accessibility
1.4. Hypothesis
To answer the main problem, the researchers will evaluate if there is a
8
fast-food in Barangay San Dionisio Paranaque City.
H0
Ha
General:
Specific:
To know the extent of how the respondents perceive and accept the
payment transactions.
9
1.6. Theoretical Framework
al., 2018).
Figure 1 shows the seven main constructs in the UTAUT2 which are
will benefit consumers in carrying out specific tasks; effort expectancy is the
family
and friends) believe they should use a specific technology; and facilitating
to them.
In the UTAUT2, Hedonic motivation, price value, and habit were added
Constructs/Factors
Performance
Expectancy
Behavioral
Intention
Effort
Expectancy
Social Influence
Hedonic
Motivation
Price Value
Individual
Differences Age and Gender Experience
Various studies have used the perspective of UTAUT2. According to
linked to user usage patterns and e-payment system adoption. The study
and negative results because they show that consumers are dissatisfied with
et. al. (2018), Trust, price value, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy,
applications. The researchers utilize the factors presented in the theory model
establishments.
12
I. Demographic
Profile
II. Purchasing on
Fast-food using Guidelines and
online payment
recommendation
transaction: Survey to lessen the
- Gcash Questionnaire barrier of online
- Maya
payment systems
Likert Scale and increase the
III. Acceptance level
acceptance level
on online Data of customers on
payment Interpretation online payment
transaction in and Analysis for their
terms of:
transactions.
- Factors of
Online
Payment
- Barriers of
Online
Payment
This research applies to the IPO or the " Input- Process- Output" model.
This conceptual framework shows how the research is designed to get the
result of the study which determines on the demographic profile, the type of
interpretation and analysis. The data gathered and the respondents were
for easy transactions to lessen the barriers of online payment systems and
transactions.
establishments.
Dionisio which is the Paranaque City College as the researchers apply the
students of PCC as they are also considered as customers and usually have
The selected fast food will be McDonalds, Jollibee, and Chowking which is
close to the said school. The total sample size of the study is 323. However,
respondents on each department in the said school. The researchers will limit
the study to 324 students The researchers will have 81 respondents in each
department of PCC (BSTM, BSREM, BSE, and HMS). The respondents will
data.
Consumer/Students
Local Community
future and learn more about its functionality so that they can be
The finding of the study may help the fast-food industries to save costs
more customers.
Service Crew/Employees
Through this study, the management of fast-food establishments will be
payment transactions.
Researchers
This study will help them acquire more knowledge about the topic and
can improve their cooperation ability, analyzing ability and will make
Future Researchers
the same or similar topic and use the results of this study for their
future research.
something.
Effort Expectancy - the level of convenience and usability that people feel
system
Fast Food Establishment - a food chain that sells food that can be prepared
where users can shop online or in-store, send money, recharge mobile
experiences
Maya - is an online payment account with a mobile application that allows you
Online payment - payments that are initiated over the internet for goods or
make and receive payments digitally without the usage of paper currency.
using a system will help him or her to attain gains in job performance.
17
Chapter 2
Foreign Literature
things and 5G, technology is altering the world by connecting other people
around the world. In the 1990s, the beginning of the growing popularity of
2010, digital payment methods were established across the world such as
Apple, and electronic and bill payment systems. These digital transaction
Pal, 2020). The electronic transfer of money over the internet between a
faster for the users and more secure by having fingerprint authentication and
other biometric authentication methods which minimize the risk of possible
threats like theft. The use of mobile based payment may also provide
businesses to collect customers data which will help for analyzing the target
market and market segmentation that will result in creating loyalty and reward
payments such as cash and cheques during its adoption stage. This will also
Meanwhile, Liao and Ho (2021) stated that mobile payments are not
only a vital platform for online businesses, but they can also be used to make
However, with the growth of digital payment there are also cons in
using such payment applications. Mohd and Pal (2020) study the level of
determined that people using digital payment may face many problems such
digital
19
payments. But in low-income countries with more rudimentary
power mobile phones and cell towers, limitations in mobile network coverage,
and poor transport networks all hinder the expansion of digital financial
services in rural areas. Also, low levels of financial literacy and numeracy
among entrepreneurs and employees can make it harder for them to use
cash and the limited vacuity of banking services to grease cash recessions.
internet and mobile banking services in two crowds. First, the Wald test was
applied to determine the short- run unproductive effect of the prolixity from
determine the long- run effect of cashless payments on the internet and
and how it influences their perception and intention in the mobile payment
not useful and those who preferred mobile payment think that it is very
method of customers.
World Bank Group, (2022), stated that the increased use of digital
online paying methods for the first time since the beginning of the pandemic.
This also led to the global expansion of financial services which created new
economic opportunities. Global Findex 2021 database finds that the gender
gap in account ownership has narrowed, which helps women have more
privacy and to better secure and control their money. Furthermore, the finest
digital wallets provide seamless connection with online shops, which means
that the payment experience is fully integrated into the customer retail
journey, enhancing usage convenience. The future of digital wallets is also
bright, as 64% of users said they want to use mobile wallets in 2020, up from
21
Online Payment Usefulness to Fast-Food Services
market contribution, and income source, is essential for the success of mobile
The competition towards mobile payment space on the market will most likely
Fitri et. al. (2022) mentioned that Fast food restaurants are facing a
new normal in which all services operate with minimal contact, yet poses a
serious problem for some as well. Problems such as lack of customer
remain the most popular and preferred payment method among consumers
and the lack of research into user experience with contactless payments
remains a challenge.
Thus, the study shows one factor that is most important and has been
decision for most businesses. Customers benefit from mobile payments such
are faster and more convenient. Customers can pay for their food quickly and
easily via mobile payments. It also makes it easier for employees to process
transactions and get customers in and out of the restaurant. Although there is
secure than credit card payments. Also, customers may occasionally leave
their cash behind, but they are significantly less likely to abandon their phone.
Mobile payments are thus a convenient choice for both customers and
eateries. Mobile
take mobile payments can not only offer mobile apps, but they can also send
out coupons, promotions, and reward points. This can increase revenue and
Local Literature
Philippines' digital
23
payments market has experienced rapid expansion and
change in recent years. The National Retail Payment System (NRPS) was
throughout the island chain. In the Philippines, this method has contributed to
unexpected.
who are dispersed throughout the country may now more readily access
payment platforms.
This has allowed retailers to make digital payments without the need
for specialized equipment like credit card terminals, and it has also made it
phones.
technology,
including cell phones and internet services as new channels for offsite
smartphones of about 90% Filipinos have their own smartphones and mobile
internet with many of them using their devices on digital payments. The
payment markets in the Philippines with financial providers Gcash and Maya
the digital financial inclusion of the Philippines' economy boosts tax collection,
digital financial inclusion has its advantages, but there are also
disadvantages. A few of these include increased transaction costs for
customers and the possibility of an increase in the jobless rate. (Dela Cruz et
al., 2023)
adults that have a formal bank account and the large majority of the country’s
report. Though the number may increase due to rapid spread of digital
began using e-wallets and online bank transfers to pay for products and
services during the pandemic, which led to a boom in the usage of digital
payments.
aware of contactless card payments, an increase of 11% from two years ago.
purchases.
Kacho, (2022), the Visa Consumer Payment Attitudes Study stated that
cashless payment are gaining popularity in the Philippines showing that 60%
of
Filipinos have less cash in their wallets and 84% are trying to go cashless in
wide range of payment choices. Mobile wallets (64%) were rated as the most
desired
about getting
26
coronavirus. The number of registered users at Globe Telecom's
150% in the month ending mid-March. GCash and its primary rival, PLDT's
Gcash and Maya are some of the online platforms that enable cashless
payments in the market while also delivering options like financing, crypto-
trading, and micro-investments, they have contributed to the country
becoming
cashless. GCash users can fund their wallets via the app and send money to
other GCash wallets, e-wallet systems, and bank accounts. Maya (known
before as PayMaya) is more than just another e-wallet service. It goes beyond
can purchase Users can buy gaming pins on famous games and platforms,
and the company provides travel services ranging from arranging flights and
hotels to paying tour guides and staff on business trips. (Oi, 2022)
payments is the inability to access technology with many people who are
offer solutions with a clear purpose won't compromise the need to avoid
initiators and the public or the users of online payment services. (Shakirov,
2022)
Foreign Studies
innovation era has resulted in major shifts in the business setting, with
financial transactions shifting from cash-based to electronic-based
but rather to provide a superior alternative to cash and trade exchange stated
payment methods became widely available, more services could be paid for
online users could now conduct transactions using their smartphones, and
traditional payment methods, due to the delays, privacy issues, and security
Based on the study of Shree et. al. (2021), the use of digital payments
increase in accordance
with the overall socioeconomic progress. The local cultural norms and
Sunarjo et. al. (2021) explained that the concept of utilitarian value as a
technology users on adoption behaviors, and the behavior adoption were the
technological understanding.
safety, trust, and social influence has a significant relationship in the adoption
payment options such as cheques and cash or debit and credit cards. Aduais
and Al-Smadi (2022) shows that performance and effort expectancies, and
payments in the
29
country of Yemen. The facilitation conditions have significant
and negative results because they show that consumers are dissatisfied with
quick transactions are the main factors of choosing and using online payment
and this fulfillment may be the primary satisfaction driver. Smolarczyk (2018)
studied the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of mobile users to mobile payment
stages. Though the data on satisfaction rate is high with 91%, we can’t
Local Studies
that more and more people are using their mobile devices to access nearly
been the perfect fit for the convenience of everyone in this modern era, which
may create new possibilities but may cause some disorders towards this new
Dy-Tioco (2021) stated that Cashless payment has grown and become
popular over the years during pandemic. Cashless payment grew due to
pandemic.
In 2018, Filipinos favored e-wallets over credit cards, with GCash and
efficiency, higher sales, and risk reduction are all advantages of electronic
the study shows that most of the respondents are using Gcash and PayMaya
(currently Maya) and used it in purchasing food, vouchers for discounts and
promos, and to avoid physical contact due to covid-19 virus. The study
and subject norms of using mobile payment systems for their food transaction.
The study determined the use of mobile payment, particularly Gcash as very
useful and easy to use. This proves that the mobile payment system is an
Isabela, the study finds that Gcash was shown to be a popular alternative for
electronic payments among store owners, with 80% result of using it. The
However, coffee shop operators still face significant obstacles when adopting
Online payments eliminate the need to convey money and save time
by eliminating the need for entrepreneurs and clients to stand in line for ATM
(TFA). (Araneta et. al., 2022). The simplicity in transaction and quick access
to capital resources along with its security is what drives the use of online
money. However, there are still some drawbacks in using cashless payment
Based on the study of Raon et. al. (2021), factors such as perceived
customers decisions.
thriving tourist sector, and the growing popularity of internet shopping among
According to Galo et. al. 2018, the convenience of paper cash and low
infrastructure in the Philippines are the key reasons why the Philippines
to
33
research, the internet is an essential medium for going cashless
because it is required for online purchasing and online billing. It was also
noted that there are many individuals who are unfamiliar with this type of
payment method, which is why its popularity has not spread throughout the
country.
actual cash in the form of coins or banknotes. Based on barter and other
forms of exchange, cashless societies have existed since the dawn of human
credit cards, debit cards, mobile payments, and virtual currencies like bitcoin.
E-commerce is becoming more and more commonplace worldwide, especially
in
poorer nations. However, given the notable distinctions that still remain
around its development have not been fully realized. Electricity and data-
security of the personal information that users of it provide. (Alzaga et. al.,
2022)
2.3. Synthesis
beyond the traditional way of paying using physical or real cash. Nowadays,
several online payment systems and applications have emerged and continue
mobile payment for the first time since the beginning of pandemic as reported
by World Bank Group (2022). Since then, people began using digital payment
to pay for their goods and services they purchase which led to the widespread
Currently, people who have their own mobile phones has probably at
least one online payment application on their mobile phones as this is also
one of the reasons for the expansion of online payment system amounting of
about
90% of Filipinos who have smartphones used their device on digital payment
challenge in the Philippines. There are still people who likely use traditional
perspective (Chen et. al., 2021) and the economic structure of the country
have paper cash to buy their products without using traditional methods and
rather use online payment applications like Gcash for their transactions.
will be helpful in increasing the businesses sales and being able to create
market strategies for the specific target market which is the users of online
helps businesses to collect customers data which will help in analyzing the
target market and market segmentation. This information might result in
establishments.
the most viewpoint regarding the matter in the acceptance of online payment
payments as they find them easier and less complicated than cash payments.
Online payments are also more secure because they use biometric
Raon, et. al., 2021, Alduais and Al-Smadi, 2022, Cheung et. al., 2021) which
Some factors are included in the UTAUT2 model which is the study’s
to the study in order to examine factors that may aid to identify the level of
other factors that negatively affect the acceptance level of using online
improve the willingness to use and accept online payment systems. Factors
such as lack of
The related literature and studies that are collected show the relevance
transactions
are popular among businesses such as fast-food establishments and this was
and studies serve as one of the bases to identify the factors of the acceptance
37
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
numerical data. The study used quantitative data to determine the result of the
College as they are also considered as customers who use online payment
PCC, the total population of the students is 2,001 as of September 25, 2023.
Sample Size
error, confidence level of 95% and 50% for the response distribution.
Margin of Error 5%
Confidence Level 95%
Size:
Sampling Technique
probability method wherein the units are chosen for inclusion of sample or
respondents because they are the most easily accessible to the researcher. In
this study, the researchers selected one of the schools at barangay San
The instrument that will be used to collect the data for the research of
the study is the survey questionnaire and Likert scale format made by the
will 39
utilize the Google Form to distribute the research instrument to
transactions.
third and fourth part of the instrument is in Likert scale form consisting of
factors and barriers that affect and influence the level of acceptance of
The fifth part will also be in Likert scale form containing the implementation of
The main instrument that will be used in this study is the researcher-
The questionnaire received the approval from the adviser, it also needed to go
Once the request has been approved, the researchers will carry out the
collection of data.
40
40
3.6. Data Gathering Procedure
5 The researchers will record, tally, and analyze the result of the survey after
gathering the data.
validation of the data before conducting a survey. The researchers will get
approval from
respondents if they can participate in the study. The respondents will ask to
answer the questionnaire for at least 5 minutes. The data gathered will be
recorded and tallied and the accumulated data will analyze and interpret.
respondents.
Mean. Is the total of the values in a set divided by the total number of values
mean
(Bhandari, 2023). Mean and standard deviation will be used to analyze the
data for factors affecting the respondents’ level of acceptance in using online
methods.
examines how the means of more than two groups differ from one another
test used to compare the means of study target groups to see whether they
differ statistically from one another (Chatzi and Doody, 2023). This will be
are responsible for the overall significant difference seen in the F statistic
42
computation (Montelpare, 2020).
researchers for their consent and given a brief explanation of the purpose of
the study. The subject participant will willingly decide to take part after
providing their consent. Additionally, the respondents will be assured that the
43
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