The document outlines seven philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, behaviorism, linguistic philosophy, and constructivism. Each philosophy is defined by its views on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and knowledge, progressivism develops citizens, and perennialism cultivates rational thinking. Existentialism helps students understand themselves, behaviorism modifies behaviors, linguistic philosophy develops communication skills, and constructivism creates independent learners.
The document outlines seven philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, behaviorism, linguistic philosophy, and constructivism. Each philosophy is defined by its views on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and knowledge, progressivism develops citizens, and perennialism cultivates rational thinking. Existentialism helps students understand themselves, behaviorism modifies behaviors, linguistic philosophy develops communication skills, and constructivism creates independent learners.
The document outlines seven philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, behaviorism, linguistic philosophy, and constructivism. Each philosophy is defined by its views on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and knowledge, progressivism develops citizens, and perennialism cultivates rational thinking. Existentialism helps students understand themselves, behaviorism modifies behaviors, linguistic philosophy develops communication skills, and constructivism creates independent learners.
The document outlines seven philosophies of education: essentialism, progressivism, perennialism, existentialism, behaviorism, linguistic philosophy, and constructivism. Each philosophy is defined by its views on why we teach, what we teach, and how we teach. Essentialism focuses on basic skills and knowledge, progressivism develops citizens, and perennialism cultivates rational thinking. Existentialism helps students understand themselves, behaviorism modifies behaviors, linguistic philosophy develops communication skills, and constructivism creates independent learners.
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THE SEVEN PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
PHILOSOPHY WHY TEACH WHAT TO TEACH HOW TO TEACH
1. Essentialism This philosophy contends that The emphasis is on the Essentialist teachers emphasize teachers teach for learners to academic content for students the mastery of the subject acquire basic knowledge, skills to learn the basic skills and matter. and values. fundamental r’s – reading, They are expected to b e ‘riting, ‘rithmetic and right intellectual and moral models conduct. of their students. The teachers and They are seen as “fountain of administrators decide what is knowledge” and as “paragon most important for the students of virtue”. to learn. 2. Progressivism Progressivist teachers teach to The progressivists are Progressivist teachers employ develop learners into becoming identified with need-based and experiential methods. enlightened and intelligent relevant curriculum. citizens of a democratic The curriculum should respond society. to students’ needs and that relates to students’ personal lives and experiences. 3. Perennialism To develop the students’ The perennialist curriculum is The perennialist classrooms rational and moral powers. a universal one on that all are “centered around teachers”. human beings possess the The students do not allow the same essential nature. students’ interests and It is not a specialist curriculum experiences to substantially but rather a general one. dictate what they teach. 4. Existentialism To help students understand In an existentialist curriculum, Existentialist methods focus on and appreciate themselves as students are given a wide the individual. unique individuals who accept variety way of options from They help students know complete responsibility for which to choose. themselves and their place in their thoughts, feelings and Provide students with vicarious society. actions. experiences that will help To help students to define their unleash their own creativity own essence by exposing them and self-expression. to various paths they take in life. 5. Behaviorism Behaviorist schools are Behaviorist teachers teach Behaviorist teachers ought to concerened with the students to respond favorably arrange environmental modification and shaping of to various stimuli in the conditions so that students can students’ behavior by environment. make the responses to stimuli. providing for a favorable Teachers ought to make the environment. stimuli clear and interesting to capture and hold the learners’ attention. They ought to provide appropriate incentives to reinforce positive responses and weaken eliminate the negative ones. 6. Linguistic Philosophy To develop the communication Learner should be taught to Experiential is the most skills of the learner. communicate clearly – how to effective way to teach To develop in the learner the send clear, concise messages language and communication. skill to send messages clearly and how to receive and The teacher facilitates dialogue and receive messages correctly understand messages among learners and between correctly. sent. his/her students. Communication takes place in three (3) ways – verbal, non- verbal and paraverbal. 7. Constructivism To develop intrinsically The students are taught how to The teachers provide students motivated and independent learn. with data or experiences that learners adequately equipped They are taught learning allow them to hypothesize, with learning skills for them to processes and skills such as predict, manipulate objects, construct knowledge and make searching, critiquing and pose questions, research, meaning of them. evaluating information. investigate, imagine and invent.