3 - Adnan Khan - Challenges Facing Application IoT
3 - Adnan Khan - Challenges Facing Application IoT
3 - Adnan Khan - Challenges Facing Application IoT
1, 2021 39
Abstract
Among all the functions of the Internet of Things, healthcare applications are the most
important. The internet of Things has played a vital role in the sharing of various medical
resources making it an essential factor in the field of medicine. Without the applications, it may
become challenging for the medical practice to achieve some objectives. Today, information is
shared freely across different networks, making it easy for practitioners and institutions to work
with the available resources and deliver on the medical needs of the society. IoT has made it
possible to offer smart and effective healthcare services to people. The application of smart
sensors is one of the factors that has contributed to effective management of healthcare needs
in the society. Wearable devices can be used to track different issues within the body. Some
can be embedded to monitor different functions of the body to ensure there is effectiveness in
the way medical services are delivered to such patients. The information collected in such
manner, can be analyzed, aggregated and mined to do the early prediction of diseases.
Processing algorithms play a vital role in helping practitioners in developing personalized
treatment, which makes healthcare more economical. Apart from analyzing the effectiveness
of IoT in healthcare, challenges will be discussed in this study and how they impact medicine.
1. INTRODUCTION
The world population is increasing tremendously. An improved quality of life has led to the
development of highly effective means through which various aspects of the environment which
encourage the improvement of the life of people in the world. However, there are limited
resources in various sectors and technology has come in to ensure effectiveness is achieved in
these sectors to ensure the little resources are helpful in the society. The increasing population,
especially in the urban regions has led to the build-up of astounding pressure on the available
resources [1]. The medical sector is one of the areas that has felt the pressure due to increased
demand of the medical services. Despite the increasing expansion of healthcare facilities, the
population still has a great impact on how the facilities work and the quality of services they
offer to the public [2]. The massive pressure has triggered the development and application of
various technological solutions necessary in ensuring effectiveness is restored in the medical
and healthcare sector[3].
There is a rise in medically challenged people in the society. Remote medical services is
increasingly becoming part of our lives where patients can be attended in their remote locations.
A rise in interest in wearable medical devises has been witnessed in the recent past [4]. People
are increasingly becoming aware of their health and how they can handle different issues
effectively for them to achieve their medical goals meant to develop an effective means through
which they can handle issues regarding their healthcare needs [5] The advanced technology of
wearable devices is essential in the collection of data, management, and monitoring of the body
functions [6] The application of technology in this field is irresistible since there is a need to
develop a sustainable healthcare sector.
The Internet of Things (IoT) offers a rising technology that is essential in ensuring more
affordable, low-cost healthcare services are available for patients [7]. The smart devices can
either be worn or embedded in the body and they play a vital role in sending signals about the
nature of the body and effects of various conditions [8]. The devices enable seamless networking
between the patients, medical devices and physicians. The sensors will record signals in a
continuous manner, they are then correlated with the essential physiological parameters and
communicated over the wireless network. The data collected is stored, analyzed and used against
the existing health records that have been taken before [9]. Physicians are able to conduct more
advanced prognosis and encourage early treatment interventions meant to ensure the patient
receives the most effective medical services early enough to mitigate the risk of adverse
outcomes [10] The machines are essential in the sense that even when the doctor is not available,
they help in predicting the health issues that a patient may be having[11]. Through effective
machine learning techniques, the devices have been equipped with abilities that can be used to
enhance the delivery of medical services by giving suggestions for the medication that should
be administered [12].
The nature of this progressive technology is that, it will have impact on everyone in
monitoring health and cutting down on the healthcare expenses that people may be having. This
paper develops the technological and economic views for the comfort of patients and delve more
into the challenges that face the application of IoT in the medical field [13]. This is one of the
ways through which solutions to the challenges can be sought. Understanding the nature of IoT
and its impact on the medical sector is essential. Deep analysis of the challenges this important
aspect faces in the field of medicine and healthcare is also important because it helps in defining
some of the issues in healthcare which can easily be resolved through the engagement of
effective technologies [14].
2. BACKGROUND
The Internet of Things has been developing over time and its importance has been realized
in different sectors[15], [16], [17]. The medical and healthcare sector is also one of the
beneficiaries of these technological developments [18]. This is an important aspect of the
technology that should be utilized in the delivery of effective healthcare services in the society
[19]. The healthcare sector is facing different challenges that require the application of
technology to enable it to work effectively [20]. Developing accurate technologies for the
purposes of healthcare improvement has faced challenges because there are many needs that
have to be satisfied[21]. Developing an IT-based solution for all these needs can be
challenging. However, there are milestones that have been achieved by the application of IoT
technologies in the healthcare systems [22].
The IoT and machine learning technologies have been developed and have been on the rise
across different industries [23]. The medical industry is benefiting greatly from these
technologies because there are solutions that have been developed over time which have an
important aspect of delivering organizations from different challenges that they face [24].
However, the implementation of these technologies in the healthcare sector has come with
many challenges which solutions have to be sought for them to be managed effectively [25].
IoT has made it possible to offer smart and effective healthcare services to people. The
application of smart sensors is one of the factors that has contributed to effective management
of healthcare needs in the society. Wearable devices can be used to track different issues within
the body. Some can be embedded to monitor different functions of the body to ensure there is
effectiveness in the way medical services are delivered to such patients [26]. The information
collected in such manner, can be analyzed, aggregated and mined to do the early prediction of
diseases. Processing algorithms play a vital role in helping practitioners in developing
personalized treatment, which makes healthcare more economical [27].
Challenges in implementing IoT in the healthcare sector are evident. Faulty networks and
misinterpretation of some of the data and information from the devices can be detrimental to
the effective use of the IoT devices [28]. Understanding the challenges is necessary in
developing the most effective means through which they can be managed for effectiveness to
be achieved in the use of these devices and technologies [29]. Faulty engagements of the
technologies can be harmful to the patients because that will lead to the application of
ineffective treatment interventions [30].
3. INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
The medical and healthcare industry is growing and expanding services as the world’s
population also grows [31]. The sector is characterized by many milestones as well as
challenges. It is always in need of solutions to solve the healthcare issues that face the society
on a daily basis. As the world population grows, so is the demand for healthcare services. The
medical and healthcare sector has not been in a position to fully satisfy the needs of people in
various societies. However, there are technological solutions that have been developed to
ensure there is effectiveness in the delivery of various services [32].
The healthcare sector has embraced technology as one of the ways through which
sustainable development can be achieved in the sector. The Internet of Things and machine
learning have come in handy to save the industry from the massive pressure that is experienced
at different levels of delivering healthcare services in the society [33]. This is an essential factor
to consider and develop an effective means through which the technology can be applied in the
society and achieve the most desirable results of managing the healthcare needs of the society.
The healthcare sector has to develop effectively through having an effective means through
which the technology can be incorporated to improve the nature of interactions that patients
and practitioners have in this field. Incorporating IoT in the medical field is necessary in
understanding various developments in the sector [34].
There are differences in the healthcare sector when comparing the developed and the
developing world. The developing world experiences more challenges compared to the
developed world in the sense that there is a need to develop strategies to be applied in the
management of issues relating to the healthcare needs of the society [35]. In the developing
world, accessing and affording healthcare services is challenging and that has an effect on how
different issues are managed at this level. Quality of healthcare services is also essential and
developing an effective means through which the quality can be improved by reducing the
workload and the pressure on the local facilities is essential in delivering an effective means
through which the issues can be managed effectively [36]. Developing through technology is
necessary in ensuring the society has access to affordable and quality medical services because
it is through this development that the quality of life of individuals will be improved. The
reduced workload on the facilities is vital in the management of healthcare in the society.
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
Health monitoring systems have been developed in the recent days. This has been a great
development in the field of medicine where there are important aspects of the healthcare systems
that have come into play and are aiding the delivery of timely and effective healthcare services.
P2P and IoT technologies have been incorporated into the medical system to keep most patients
in control. The incorporation led to the development of the smart box [37]. Web real time
communication was enhanced in the wearable devices so that real time transmission of data
would be achieved. This is one of the ways in which a patient could be controlled through the
systems and achieve one of the most effective means through which treatment could be
administered. The applications relating to the use of the IoT devices played a vital role in the
management of various issues which may have affected the patients.
Portable devices were introduced in the market and this enhanced the mobility of patients. A
few drawbacks and security threats were a major factor in this development. The security threats
are critical in the delivery of an effective means through which the devices and systems are
supposed to work. Security is important especially when a device is known to be of a high value
[38]. The patient has to be careful with such a device because it can attract people who may
want to take it away due to its value. The devices have been developed with a lot of IoT and
machine learning technologies which play a vital role in the management of different conditions
that patients may portray [39]. This can attract those who may want to steal and resell these
devices making it a great challenge for the users.
Prediction challenges are also evident in the system where there are different data sets that
can be interpreted differently making it difficult to achieve some goals that have been set. This
is an important aspect of the IoT and machine learning technologies [40]. Users are supposed to
be trained on how to predict and interpret various data collected by the devices. Inaccurate
interpretation of data can lead to faulty analysis and result in the poor delivery of healthcare
services in the sector. The sensors can be faulty at times and there is a need to have an effective
way of confirming the data that is received from the sensors. A high level of accuracy needs to
be embraced in the sector to ensure there is effectiveness in how the data is collected and the
sensors deliver accurate information. This is an essential factor in managing different issues
effectively in the healthcare sector and having an effective means of handling the issue is vital
in managing different issues as they arise in the process of understanding the nature of data that
is collected from the sensors [41].
Information security is the other challenge that can affect the effectiveness of utilizing IoT
in the healthcare sector. All internet based networks and solutions are exposed to these
challenges which can affect the effective delivery of services. It is important to have information
security systems in place to protect the device users from possible attacks which may result in
alteration of the data that is transmitted from the devices [42]. The information security
challenge can be managed through having an effective strategy in place to manage different
issues as they arise in the healthcare sector. Information security is vital for all devices that share
a network that is internet based [43]). IoT is internet-based and there is a need to understand that
the systems are vulnerable and face the risk of information security threats. However, there are
measures and strategies that can be employed to ensure effectiveness is achieved in the delivery
of medical services based on the IoT systems.
B. System Architecture
The IoT system has four protocol areas which have different functions and can be used for
different purposes for the technology to work effectively. The first is the one that has devices
embedded with sensors. It is the physical layer. The second is the network layer that is meant to
transmit signals form the sensors to the cloudlets. The cloudlets send this signal to the
middleware layer that has to store the signal. Finally, in the application layer, analytics and
diagnosis process are performed. There are a series of steps that deliver the system’s work
appropriately.
Data collection and transmission – Patients are given wearable devices which have sensors
which have a role of collecting data from the body. The sensors have the ability to measure
Electrocardiography (ECG), Temperature, Electromyography (EMG) muscle activity,
respiratory rate, and sweating and blood glucose level. These are essential factors to be
considered in the process of analyzing various body effects that need treatment [44].
Cloudlet Processing – This is an important process where data can be processed and stored.
Mobile phones can be used to assist in the storage of the data. The cloud is also well enhanced
to handle some of these issues and it can also be used to store data collected from the devices
[45].
Analytics and Prediction – This is the final stage of using data from the devices. Machine
learning algorithms are applied in correlating the sensors’ parameters and clinical data.
Challenges may arise at this point because in the medical field, new measurement tools are often
introduced which may not match the required analytical systems that are in place for specific
devices. The data from IoT warble sensors are spanned using different visualization
methodologies for the effective prediction. Visualization tools are then utilized to give the
details and interpretations of the data from sensors [46].
The importance of remote health monitoring systems was discussed in this study. Many
academic and professional researches have been conducted and the effectiveness of the remote
IoT-based solutions have been found to be highly effective in the sustainable development of
the healthcare sector. The internet of Things has played a vital role in the sharing of various
medical resources making it an essential factor in the field of medicine. Without the applications,
it may become challenging for the medical practice to achieve some objectives. Future studies
are supposed to cover various issues that affect the delivery of effective services for the purposes
of having an effective IoT-based healthcare system. Remote management of patients is
becoming a common phenomenon and it is important to have a highly effective means through
which the issues on healthcare can be managed effectively for the delivery of an effective means
of managing the patients without having the challenges highlighted by this study.
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