Chapter 10 The Human Nervous System Exam Pack and Mark Scheme
Chapter 10 The Human Nervous System Exam Pack and Mark Scheme
Chapter 10 The Human Nervous System Exam Pack and Mark Scheme
Date: ________________________
Comments:
Page 1 of 35
(a) List A gives the names of four stimuli. List B gives four parts of the human body.
1
Draw a straight line from each stimulus in List A to the part of the body in List B which has
receptors for that stimulus.
(One has been done for you.)
(3)
(b) Complete the following sentence by choosing the correct words from the box.
to the ...........................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 2 of 35
The photograph shows a new-born baby.
2
(a) New-born babies have reflex actions. The reflex actions help new-born babies to survive.
Draw a line from each reflex action to the way in which it helps the baby to survive.
(4)
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(b) Which two of the following may be effectors in reflex actions?
Brain
Glands
Motor neurones
Muscles
Sensory neurones
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
(1)
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(ii) Figure 1 shows a light receptor cell.
Use the correct answer from the box to label part A on Figure 1.
(1)
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(b) Figure 2 shows a boy riding a bicycle on a sunny day.
© Stockbyte/Thinkstock
Complete the table to show which organ of the body contains the receptors for each
change in the environment.
(3)
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(ii) The boy’s response to danger is to pull on the bicycle brakes.
A gland
A muscle
A synapse
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
The diagram below shows the pathway for a simple reflex action.
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Page 7 of 35
(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
a chemical.
Information passes across the gap as an electrical impulse.
pressure.
(1)
(c) Describe what happens to the muscle when it receives an impulse from neurone Z. How
does this reflex action help the body?
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
(a) What is the name of the organ which controls the nervous system?
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(1)
(b) The diagram shows a reflex arc. Label the three neurones.
(3)
(c) Snatching your hand from a hot object is an example of a reflex action. Give one other
example of a reflex action.
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(1)
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(d) Describe the stages that happen in a reflex action.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
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(1)
(ii) The neurone that carries impulses to the central nervous system.
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(1)
(iii) The neurone that carries impulses away from the central nervous system.
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(1)
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(1)
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(2)
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(c) Some people have a condition in which information from the skin does not reach the brain.
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Information is also passed by impulses in the nervous system. Neurones carry impulses very
7 rapidly. The diagram shows a reflex arc.
(Total 3 marks)
Page 10 of 35
The diagram shows the structures involved in the knee-jerk reflex. When the tendon is struck
8 with the hammer, the receptor is stimulated and the lower leg moves forward.
A .................................................................................................................................
B .................................................................................................................................
C .................................................................................................................................
(3)
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(1)
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 11 of 35
A person accidentally touches a hot pan.
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Her hand automatically moves away from the pan.
(a) Describe fully how the structures shown in the diagram bring about this reflex action.
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(6)
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(b) (i) The nerve pathway in this reflex action is about 1.5 metres in length. A nerve impulse
travels at 75 m s–1.
Use this information to calculate the time taken for this reflex action to occur.
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(ii) The actual time interval is longer than the interval you have calculated in part (i).
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(1)
(Total 9 marks)
The diagram below shows how a nerve impulse passing along a relay neurone causes an
10 impulse to be sent along another type of neurone, neurone X.
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(1)
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(b) Describe how information passes from the relay neurone to neurone X.
Use the diagram to help you.
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(3)
(c) Scientists investigated the effect of two toxins on the way in which information passes
across synapses. The table below shows the results.
Curare ............................................................................................................
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Strychnine ......................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 14 of 35
The diagram shows the structures involved in the knee-jerk reflex. When the person is hit at point
11 P, the lower leg is suddenly raised.
A ....................................................................................................................
B ....................................................................................................................
C ....................................................................................................................
(3)
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(1)
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 15 of 35
The diagram shows a vertical section through the head, showing the brain.
12
(a) Use words from the box to name the structures labelled X, Y and Z on the diagram.
X ...................................................................
Y ...................................................................
Z ...................................................................
(3)
(b) One method of mapping brain function is to observe changes in body functions following a
stroke.
1. ...........................................................................................................
2. ...........................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Give one way in which disruption of the blood supply to part Y might affect the
functioning of the body.
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 16 of 35
The diagram shows the nervous pathway that is used to coordinate the knee-jerk reflex.
13 When the tendon below the knee is tapped with a hammer, the lower leg jerks upwards in a reflex
action.
(a) On the diagram, draw arrows next to the neurones labelled A and B to show the direction
in which an impulse moves in each neurone.
(1)
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(1)
(d) (i) The nerve pathway linking the stretch receptor with the muscle is about 1.5 metres in
length.
Use this information to calculate the time interval between the stimulus and the
response.
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(ii) The actual time interval is longer than the interval you have calculated in part (d)(i).
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(2)
(e) A group of students wanted to find out how the speed of the hammer affected the distance
the lower leg moved.
Each trial was recorded on a video. A frame was taken every 33 milliseconds. The video
was then played using single-frame advance. The number of frames for the hammer to
move to the knee was found. The faster the speed, the smaller was the number of frames.
The video was also used to find the distance moved by the toe.
In each trial, the experimenter held the hammer 20 cm from the subject’s knee and then hit
the subject’s tendon. For each trial the experimenter used the hammer at a different speed.
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The table shows some of the results.
Trial number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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(1)
(ii) Give two advantages of using a video to measure the time it took for the hammer to
move to hit the tendon.
1 ............................................................................................................
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2 ............................................................................................................
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(2)
Suggest one reason why the anomalous result may have happened.
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(2)
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(2)
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(v) Suggest one way in which the precision of the experiment could have been
improved.
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(1)
(Total 15 marks)
(a) Diagram 1 shows the neurones and parts of the body involved in a response to touching a
14 hot object.
Diagram 1
(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.
motor neurone.
Neurone A is a relay neurone.
sensory neurone.
an effector.
At point Y there is a tiny gap between two neurones called a receptor.
a synapse.
(2)
Page 20 of 35
(ii) The hand touches a hot object. An impulse travels through the nervous system to the
muscle (point X). The muscle moves the hand away from the hot object.
What does the muscle do to move the hand away from the hot object?
contract
relax
stretch
(1)
How can you tell that this action is not a conscious action?
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(1)
Explain why.
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(2)
(b) Some students investigated the effect of caffeine on a person’s reaction time.
1. One student held a ruler just above a second student’s hand, as shown in Diagram 2.
Page 21 of 35
Diagram 2
2. The student let go of the ruler. The second student caught it as soon as possible, as
shown in Diagram 3.
Diagram 3
4. The student catching the ruler then drank a cup of strong coffee.
5. Fifteen minutes after drinking the coffee the students repeated steps 1 to 3.
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Table 1 Table 2
18 8
21 13
25 11
15 17
19 10
16 14
12 13
21 13
(i) The students used the reading on the ruler as a measure of the reaction time.
What do the results show about the effect of caffeine on reaction time?
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(1)
Using the data in Table 1 and Table 2, give one reason why a scientist may not
accept your conclusion in part (b) (i).
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(1)
Page 23 of 35
(iii) How could the students improve their investigation?
1 ............................................................................................................
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2 ............................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
(a) (i) Name the part of the brain concerned with memory.
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(1)
(ii) Name one method the doctors could use to find out how much the brain was
damaged.
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(1)
(b) The doctors were worried that the man might also have injured his spine.
They touched different areas of his skin with a sharp point.
They asked him to tell them each time if he could feel the sharp point.
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(i) Explain how the information about the sharp point touching the skin reaches the
man’s brain.
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(6)
(ii) The doctors found that the man could feel the sharp point when the point touched his
arms but not when the point touched his legs.
Suggest what this information could tell the doctors about the damage to the man’s
spinal cord. Explain your answer.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Page 25 of 35
Mark schemes
(a) Stimulus Part of the body
1
sensory
1
brain
1
[5]
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(a)
2
(b) glands
1
muscles
1 mark for each correct tick
each extra box ticked cancels 1 mark
1
[6]
(ii) cytoplasm
1
Page 27 of 35
(b) (i) ear(s)
in this order only
1
eye(s)
accept retina
1
skin
ignore extra detail
1
(ii) A muscle
1
[6]
(ii) a chemical
1
• contraction / contracts
ignore relaxation / relaxes / tenses
1
• gets shorter
(a) brain
5 1
Page 28 of 35
(c) any one from
blink (of eye)
accept a violent movement of a limb from pain or sharp object
knee jerk
do not credit snatch from cold object or any temperature reference
e.g. boiling water
accept sneezing, coughing, choking, vomitting, pupil closing or
reflex
1
6
(a) (i) receptor
allow named receptor eg light receptor
ignore sensory neurone
allow sense organ / named sensory organ eg skin / eye
1
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(b) any two from:
B motor (neurone)
ignore nerve
1
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(c) muscle
allow extensor
ignore muscle names
1
[5]
(a) motor
10
allow efferent / postsynaptic
allow another relay (neurone)
1
Page 31 of 35
(c) (curare) decrease / no contraction
accept (muscle) relaxes
1
B motor (neurone)
ignore nerve
1
(c) muscle
allow extensor
ignore muscle names
1
[5]
Y – cerebellum
1
Z – medulla
1
MRI (scanning)
1
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(b) by chemicals
1
= 0.02 s
1
correct answer with or without working gains 2 marks
because of time taken for diffusion of the chemical (across the synapse)
1
award up to 2 marks for any other feasible suggestion
provides means of measuring the very short time the hammer moved
1
(iv) increasing the speed of hammer increases the distance the toe moved
1
up to a maximum of 10 cm
1
a synapse
1
(ii) contract
1
Page 33 of 35
(iv) automatic / rapid (response)
allow no thinking / faster / less time
1
• more repetitions
• perform investigation on several other people
• use other (measured) amounts of coffee
• use different / more time intervals
• other suggested measure of reaction time – eg computer-generated light
flash + time measurement
• use pure caffeine or caffeine tablets
2
[10]
or
electrode stimulation
allow electrical stimulation
1
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(b) (i) sharp point stimulates (pain) receptor (in the skin)
must be in correct order
1
to spinal cord
do not accept spine, ignore CNS
1
crosses synapse
allow synapse in any correct context
1
since information from nerves in arms still reaches the brain / information from
the legs doesn’t reach the brain
1
[10]
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