International Business Opportunities and Challenges in A Flattening World 1St Edition Carpenter Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
International Business Opportunities and Challenges in A Flattening World 1St Edition Carpenter Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
International Business Opportunities and Challenges in A Flattening World 1St Edition Carpenter Test Bank Full Chapter PDF
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True/False Questions
1. A company operating globally must deal in foreign currencies, as it has to pay suppliers in
other countries with a currency different from its home country’s currency.
True; Easy
2. A company, when it expects to be paid in its own currency, must assess the risk that the buyer
may not be able to pay the full amount due to currency fluctuations.
True; Easy
3. Typically, the sell or the ask is always cheaper than the bid or the buy.
False; Easy
4. An organization making use of the foreign exchange market can afford to ignore the rate at
which a currency is bought or sold.
False; Easy
6. Companies use hedging as a way to protect themselves if there is a time lag between when
they bill and receive payment from a customer.
True; Easy
7. Non-finance companies prefer currency arbitrage and speculation while making investments,
as they are not a risk and there are high gain methods of earning profits.
False; Easy
8. The indirect quote method follows the American terms for noting the base and quoted
currency.
False; Easy
10. In a direct quote, the foreign currency is a variable amount and the domestic currency is fixed
at one unit.
False; Easy
12. An organization makes use of the spot rate for making an immediate payment. The
organization does not face the risk of the currency increasing or decreasing in value.
True; Easy
13. In the forward markets, foreign exchange is always quoted against the U.S. dollar.
True; Easy
14. The possibility of the trading of a currency in the forward market depends on the currency’s
demand in international financial markets.
True; Easy
15. A currency swap helps a firm to reduce its foreign exchange rate risk by simultaneously
locking into the price for two transactions of a currency.
True; Easy
16. Currency option is a right but not a requirement and therefore parties in a currency option do
not have to actually exchange the currencies if they choose not to.
True; Easy
18. The only reason a saver puts his cash at risk in the capital market is if the returns on the
investment are greater than returns on holding risk-free assets.
True; Easy 198
19. One of the primary purposes of the capital markets is creating economies of scale.
True; Easy
20. Companies are motivated to repay their bonds in a timely manner in order to maintain
credibility in the financial market.
True; Easy
21. International equity markets consist of all the stock traded inside as well as outside the
issuing company’s home country.
False; Easy
22. Companies that do not want to issue more equity shares and dilute the ownership interests of
existing shareholders prefer using bonds or debt to raise capital.
True; Easy
23. The low appeal of the Eurocurrency market among borrowers is primarily because the market
is highly regulatory, giving rise to prohibitive costs.
False; Easy
25. VCs are characterized primarily by their investments in smaller, high-growth firms that are
considered riskier than traditional investments.
True; Easy
26. _____ refers to the money of one country denominated in the currency of another country or
a group of countries.
a. Forward rate
b. Foreign exchange
c. Stock exchange
d. Equity swap
e. Loan
b; Easy
27. The _____ is the price at which a bank or financial services firm is willing to buy a specific
currency.
a. exchange rate
b. foreign exchange
c. bid
d. ask
e. spread
c; Easy
29. _____ refers to the technique of protecting against the potential losses that result from
adverse changes in exchange rates.
a. Currency hedging
b. Currency swap
c. Currency speculation
d. Currency conversion
e. Currency arbitrage
a; Easy
30. Suppose a European tourist in the United States uses 1 euro to buy 1.27 U.S. dollars.
However, when she leaves the United States, she pays 1.50 U.S. dollars to buy 1 euro. The
difference of 0.23 U.S. dollars is the:
33. Suppose we quote the number of Indian rupees required to purchase 1 U.S. dollar as INR 45 /
USD 1. In this case, INR is referred to as:
a. currency hedging.
b. base currency.
c. currency speculation.
d. currency arbitrage.
e. quoted currency.
e; Easy
34. Suppose we quote the number of Indian rupees required to purchase 1 U.S. dollar as INR 45 /
USD 1. In this case, USD is referred to as:
a. currency hedging.
b. base currency.
c. currency speculation.
d. currency arbitrage.
e. quoted currency.
b; Easy
35. In the _____ approach, foreign exchange rates are expressed in terms of the number of U.S.
dollars that can be exchanged for one unit of another currency.
a. bid
b. ask
c. indirect quote
d. direct quote
36. In the _____ approach, foreign exchange rates are expressed in terms of the number of
currency units that can be exchanged for a U.S. dollar.
a. bid
b. ask
c. indirect quote
d. direct quote
e. spot rate
c; Easy
37. Which of the following is true for the term “spot exchange rate”?
a. It refers to the technique of protecting against the potential losses that result from adverse
changes in exchange rates.
b. It refers to the simultaneous and instantaneous purchase and sale of a currency for a
profit.
c. It refers to the exchange rates that require immediate settlement with delivery of the
traded currency.
d. It refers to the practice of buying and selling a currency with the expectation that the
value will change and result in a profit.
e. It refers to the exchange rate between two currencies, neither of which is the official
currency in the country in which the quote is provided.
c; Easy
38. If an exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Chinese renminbi were quoted by a
Japanese bank on Japanese soil, then the exchange rate would be termed as a:
a. currency futures contract.
b. currency swap.
c. forward exchange rate.
d. currency conversion.
e. cross rate.
e; Moderate
39. The _____ is still the reserve currency for the world’s central banks despite the changes in the
international monetary system and the expansion of the capital markets.
a. dollar
b. pound
c. euro
d. renminbi
e. yen
a; Easy
40. The _____ is the exchange rate at which a buyer and a seller agree to transact a currency at
some date in the future.
a. currency futures contract
b. currency swap
c. forward exchange rate
d. spot rate
e. cross rate
c; Easy
42. Forward contracts, currency swaps, options, and futures all belong to a group of financial
instruments called:
a. bonds.
b. derivatives.
c. loans.
d. deposits.
e. stocks.
b; Easy
43. A _____ is a simultaneous buy and sell of a currency for two different dates.
a. spot rate
b. currency conversion
c. currency futures contract
d. currency swap
e. currency option
d; Easy
44. _____ is the option or the right but not the obligation to exchange a specific amount of
currency on a specific future date and at a specific agreed-on rate.
a. Currency option
b. Currency swap
c. Currency conversion
d. Cross rate
e. Currency futures contract
a; Easy
46. Speculators, who bet on the direction in which a currency’s price will move, frequently
employ:
a. forward contracts.
b. a bid.
47. Companies, institutions, or hedgers employ _____ to eliminate the volatility of a currency’s
price in the future.
a. forward contracts
b. a bid
c. an ask
d. cross rates
e. currency futures contracts
a; Easy
49. _____ refers to the money that is invested in return for a percentage of ownership but is not
guaranteed in terms of repayment.
a. Bid
b. Ask
c. Currency swap
d. Currency conversion
e. Equity
e; Easy
50. A _____ is a system in which people, companies, and governments with an excess of funds
transfer those funds to people, companies, and governments that have a shortage of funds.
a. forward contract
b. currency swap
c. currency conversion
d. forward market
e. capital market
e; Easy
51. A movie production house makes a gross profit of $10 million from a movie release. If the
company spends $4 million, including taxes and all expenses, then it has $6 million in profits.
The company can invest the $6 million in a mutual fund, investing in stocks and bonds all
over the world. Making such an investment is riskier than keeping the $6 million in a savings
account. The financial officer hopes that over the long term, the investment will yield greater
returns than cash holdings or interest on a savings account. This is an example of a form of:
a. direct finance.
b. indirect finance.
c. currency swap.
d. currency conversion.
e. cross rate.
52. _____ refers to the capital market where new securities (stocks and bonds are the most
common) are issued.
a. Tertiary market
b. Secondary market
c. Forward market
d. Primary market
e. Main market
d; Moderate
53. _____ involves a financial intermediary between the borrower and the saver.
a. Direct finance
b. Indirect finance
c. Currency swap
d. Currency conversion
e. Cross rate
b; Easy
55. The _____ includes stock exchanges, bond markets, and futures and options markets, among
others.
a. tertiary market
b. secondary market
c. forward market
d. primary market
e. main market
b; Easy
59. _____ in capital markets refers to the ease by which shareholders and bondholders can buy
and sell their securities or convert their investments into cash.
a. Liquidity
b. Direct finance
c. Indirect finance
d. Currency swap
e. Currency conversion
a; Easy
64. A _____ is a bond issued outside the country in whose currency it is denominated.
a. Yankee bond
b. samurai bond
c. Eurobond
d. global bond
e. dragon bond
c; Easy
65. A _____ is a bond that is sold simultaneously in several global financial centers and is
denominated in one currency, usually U.S. dollars or euros.
a. Yankee bond
b. samurai bond
c. Eurobond
d. global bond
e. dragon bond
d; Easy
68. _____ focus primarily on the creation and sale of securities to help companies, governments,
and large institutions achieve their financing objectives.
a. Corporate banks
b. Private banks
c. Retail banks
d. Investment banks
e. Business banks
d; Easy
69. In the United States, retail and investment banks were barred from being under the same
corporate umbrella by the:
a. Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act.
b. Glass-Steagall Act.
c. Sarbanes–Oxley Act.
d. Case-Zablocki Act.
e. Hyde Act.
b; Easy
72. How would you differentiate between the direct currency quote and the indirect currency
quote?
There are two methods, the American terms and the European terms, for noting the base and
quoted currency. These two methods are also known as direct and indirect quotes. The
American terms, also known as U.S. terms, are from the point of view of someone in the
United States. In this approach, foreign exchange rates are expressed in terms of how many
U.S. dollars can be exchanged for one unit of another currency (the non-U.S. currency is the
base currency). This is also called a direct quote, which states the domestic currency price of
one unit of foreign currency. In a direct quote, the domestic currency is a variable amount and
the foreign currency is fixed at one unit. The European terms are the other approach for
quoting rates. In this approach, foreign exchange rates are expressed in terms of how many
75. How do you differentiate between a futures contract and a forward contract?
Futures contracts are actively traded on exchanges, and the terms are standardized. As a
result, futures contracts have clearinghouses that guarantee the transactions, substantially
reducing any risk of default by either party. Forward contracts are private contracts between
two parties and are not standardized. As a result, the parties have a higher risk of defaulting
on a contract. The settlement of a forward contract occurs at the end of the contract. Futures
contracts are marked-to-market daily. Furthermore, the settlement of a futures contract can
occur over a range of dates. Forward contracts, on the other hand, only have one settlement
date at the end of the contract. Futures contracts are frequently employed by speculators, who
bet on the direction in which a currency’s price will move. As a result, futures contracts are
usually closed out prior to maturity and delivery usually never happens. On the other hand,
forward contracts are mostly used by companies, institutions, or hedgers that want to
eliminate the volatility of a currency’s price in the future and delivery of the currency will
usually take place.
Moderate
76. What are the benefits provided by the international capital markets in addition to the benefits
provided by the domestic capital market?
International capital markets allow companies and governments to tap into foreign markets
and access new sources of funds. Many domestic markets are too small or too costly for
companies to borrow in. By using the international capital markets, companies, governments,
and even individuals can borrow or invest in other countries for either higher rates of return
or lower borrowing costs. International capital markets also allow individuals, companies,
and governments to access more opportunities in different countries to borrow or invest,
which in turn reduces risk. The theory is that not all markets will experience contractions at
the same time.
78. What is the primary source of appeal of the Eurocurrency market for the borrowers?
The primary appeal of the Eurocurrency market is that there are no regulations, which results
in lower costs. The participants in the Eurocurrency markets are very large global firms,
banks, governments, and extremely wealthy individuals. As a result, the transaction sizes tend
to be large, which provides an economy of scale and nets overall lower transaction costs. The
Eurocurrency markets are relatively cheap, short-term financing options for Eurocurrency
loans. They are also a short-term investing option for entities with excess funds in the form of
Eurocurrency deposits.
Easy
Essay Questions
81. What are the main uses of the foreign exchange market?
International businesses have four main uses of the foreign exchange markets. The first use of
the foreign exchange market is currency conversion. Companies, investors, and governments
83. What are the key factors that have contributed to the increased growth of the international
equity markets?
The key factors are:
• Growth of developing markets: As developing countries experience growth, their
domestic firms seek to expand into global markets and take advantage of cheaper and
more flexible financial markets.
• Drive to privatize: In the past two decades, the general trend in developing and emerging
markets has been to privatize formerly state-owned enterprises. These entities tend to be
large, and when they sell some or all of their shares, it infuses billions of dollars of new
equity into local and global markets. Domestic and global investors, eager to participate
in the growth of the local economy, buy these shares.
• Investment banks: With the increased opportunities in new emerging markets and the
need to simply expand their own businesses, investment banks often lead the way in the
expansion of global equity markets. These specialized banks seek to be retained by large
companies in developing countries or the governments pursuing privatization to issue and
sell the stocks to investors with deep pockets outside the local country.
87. _____ is defined as the rate at which the market converts one currency into another.
Exchange rate; Easy
88. The _____ is the mechanism in which currencies can be bought and sold.
foreign exchange market; Easy
89. The difference between the “ask” and the “bid” is referred to as the _____.
spread; Easy
90. The _____ method follows the American terms for noting the base and quoted currency.
direct quote; Easy
93. The _____ is the exchange rate transacted at a particular moment by the buyer and seller of a
currency.
spot exchange rate; Easy
94. _____ refers to the exchange rate between two currencies, neither of which is the official
currency in the country in which the quote is provided.
cross rate; Easy
95. Cross-currency pairs that include the U.S. dollar are called the “_____.”
majors; Easy
96. The _____ is the currency market for transactions at forward rates.
forward market; Easy
97. In a currency option, the parties do not have to actually exchange the currencies if they
choose not to. This is referred to as _____.
“not exercising an option”; Moderate
98. _____ refers to the money that is borrowed and must be repaid.
Debt; Easy
99. _____ refer to markets in the global sphere, in which governments, companies, and people
borrow and invest across national boundaries.
International capital markets; Easy
100. _____ refer to banks, which deal directly with consumers and usually focus on mass-market
products such as current and savings accounts, mortgages and other loans, and credit cards.
Retail banks; Easy
“Ich bin
Ein Theil von jener Kraft
Die stets das Böse will
Und stets das Gute schafft,”
And now can we not hear the dictates of a truly human moral
code, based upon the facts that we have just considered?
It is true that we cannot change the present hereditary nature of
man, but it is none the less our duty, now that Science has revealed
this nature to us, to prepare for our posterity a greater degree of
happiness and a higher standard of social life than we now possess.
To this end we must first strive with all our might to destroy the all-
corrupting supremacy of private capital and wealth, with its
exploitation of human life and energy; and we must further combat
the use of all narcotic poisons, especially that of alcohol.
We must not rest until these two deadly monsters are overthrown.
In the sphere of sexual life we must endeavour to replace by truth
and justice the present-day hypocrisy which parades under the false
banner of “morality.” We must also restore to woman the same
natural and equal rights possessed by man.
Moreover, we must no longer be content to remain indifferent and
idle witnesses of the senseless and unthinking procreation of
countless wretched children, whose parents are diseased and
vicious, and whose lives are for the most part destined to be a curse
both to themselves and their fellow-men.
We must therefore recommend to all persons who are sickly or
infirm in body or mind, and especially to all suffering from hereditary
ailments, the use of means for the prevention or regulation of
conceptions,[D] so that they may not, out of pure stupidity and
ignorance, bring into the world creatures doomed to misery and
misfortune, and predisposed to disease, insanity, and crime.
[D] We refer, of course, to such preventive methods as are
completely harmless to the persons making use of them. Methods
for the prevention of conception, in general fulfil this condition.
We must endeavour in this way to bring about a vast and universal
sterilisation of all worthless, incapable or diseased people, without
attempting to prohibit in an ascetic and impracticable manner the
gratification of their normal sexual instinct and their desire for
affection.
The qualification for parentage must not be the possession of a
certain amount of money or property, but solely the social worth and
intrinsic hereditary qualities of the two individuals.
The multiplication of all who are healthy, capable, and ethically fit
must be encouraged as far as possible.
An excessive frequency of childbirths in the case of one woman
must be prevented and regulated by the use of the means
mentioned above.
In this way we shall carry out a true racial selection and prepare
the way for a better and happier Humanity. And so at last we shall
have brought our true sexual ethics into living being and reality.
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