HOA-final Research
HOA-final Research
HOA-final Research
PHILIPPINE
ARCHITECTURE IN THE
MODERN PERIOD
An architectural and cultural trend known as the Space Age Aesthetic first
appeared in the middle of the 20th century. The enthusiasm and curiosity around technical
developments, space exploration, and future ideas of the era had a significant effect on
it.
This architectural style defines as Sleek, clean lines, geometric forms, and a
minimalistic style. To evoke a sense of futurism and modernism, it frequently uses metallic
finishes, reflecting surfaces, and striking hues. The ideas of advancement, creativity, and
the seemingly endless potential of space are all embraced by the Space Age Aesthetic.
INTERNATIONAL
CANOPY
Markham Moor, Nottinghamshire
ARCHITECT
• The Markham Moor Canopy was
designed by Hugh Segar Scorer.
HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION
The Markham Moor canopy was constructed in the 1960s as a component of the
Markham Moor Service Area, which is situated in Nottinghamshire, England, along the
A1 Road. A team effort involving engineers, architects, and construction workers was
required to create the canopy. The architects combined minimalist style and clear lines
with modernist design concepts. The Markham Moor canopy has received upgrades and
repairs throughout the years to preserve its structural integrity and accommodate shifting
requirements. It continues to be a noticeable element of the service area, giving tourists
a unique focal point and a place to stay while they take a break and refuel.
Steel and concrete were used in the canopy's construction to create a strong,
lightweight framework. Innovative approaches were applied by the engineers to
guarantee the stability and endurance of the canopy. The goal of the design was to
produce a visually arresting and useful building that would offer visitors to the service
area cover and shade.
FAMOUS FEATURES
Its remarkable design, which consists of
several curving wooden arches that form a
dramatic and dynamic structure, is its most
remarkable characteristic. Hikers and nature
lovers frequent this well-liked location because of
the canopy, which offers shade and seats while
taking in the breathtaking views of the
surrounding valleys and moorland. The canopy
has also won other prizes for its creative design
and environmental sustainability.
LOCAL
ARCHITECT
• The Sant Andrew the apostle church is
one of the known Modern Edifices
designed by Leandro V. Locsin in Makati.
HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION
The construction of Saint Andrew the Apostle Parish Church began in the 16th
century when the local community expressed their desire to have a place of worship in
honor of Saint Andrew, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ. The construction of
the church started in the late 1500s and took several decades to complete. Skilled
craftsmen and local artisans worked tirelessly to bring the vision to life. The church was
built in a beautiful Gothic architectural style, characterized by its pointed arches, ribbed
vaults, and large stained-glass windows.
Throughout the years, the church underwent various renovations and additions,
reflecting the changing architectural styles of different epochs. However, the original
essence and charm of the church were always preserved.
One of the primary building materials used was stone, particularly locally sourced
stone that was readily available in Makati during the time it was constructed. Stones
such as limestone or sandstone were used for the walls, pillars, and other load-bearing
elements of the church. These stones were carefully cut and shaped by skilled masons
to fit together seamlessly. Another material commonly used in the construction of the
church is wood. Wood was employed for elements such as the roof trusses, beams, and
intricate carvings. It added warmth and richness to the interior spaces while also
providing structural support.
To fill the gaps between the stones and create a cohesive structure, mortar made
from a mixture of lime, sand, and water was used. This mortar acted as a binding agent,
ensuring the stability and integrity of the walls.
Additionally, stained glass played a significant role in the construction of Saint Andrew
the Apostle Parish Church. Beautifully crafted stained-glass windows were created
using colored glass pieces held together by lead strips. These windows allowed vibrant
light to filter into the church, creating a serene and ethereal atmosphere. These
materials worked harmoniously to bring Saint Andrew the Apostle Parish Church to life
FAMOUS FEATURES
One of the most
prominent features of the
church is its stunning Gothic
architectural style. The pointed
arches, ribbed vaults, and
towering spires create a sense
of verticality and grandeur. The
intricate details and
craftsmanship seen
throughout the church's
exterior and interior are a
testament to the skill and
artistry of the builders.
additionally, the famous features of this church is the bell tower. The church
features a prominent bell tower that stands tall and serves as a focal point of the
structure. The tower houses bells that chime to mark various religious ceremonies and
community events, adding a sense of tradition and charm to the church.
SOFT MODERNISM
LOCAL
Year 1939-1940, the construction begins using various materials like reinforced
concrete, granite, and wood. The iconic facade features precast concrete panels with
Art Deco details. However, the project faces delays due to funding constraints and
political instability. However, in 1941 World War II disrupts construction further, leaving
the building unfinished. During the Battle of Manila, portions of the structure suffer
damage from artillery fire.
The Structural elements used in this structure are reinforced concrete for the main
frame, bricks, and wooden trusses for the roof. The façade of the building was used
in Precast concrete panels with Art Deco details. For the flooring,Terrazzo was used in
the main halls, and wood in other areas. And for the windows, Steel-framed windows
with glass panes was used.
FAMOUS FEATURES
Inside, the museum follows an open and inviting layout, with spacious galleries
that offer a seamless flow for visitors. The design incorporates natural light through
skylights and large windows, creating a bright and airy atmosphere.
The exterior of the museum showcases a striking fusion of contemporary materials
and forms. It features a distinctive dome-shaped structure known as the "Tree of Life" that
serves as the building's centerpiece. The dome is adorned with intricate patterns inspired
by the traditional Philippine dress, creating a unique and visually captivating facade.
INTERNATIONAL
HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION
The floor and roof slabs are constructed from precast concrete. This material
provided a solid, weatherproof base and helped regulate temperature within the house.
For the windows, Floor-to-ceiling clear plate glass forms the walls of the house, blurring
the lines between interior and exterior and immersing the occupants in the surrounding
nature. Large sliding panels allow for ventilation and access to the terrace. The terrace
and steps leading up to the house are paved with travertine marble. This natural stone
adds a touch of warmth and earthiness to the minimalist aesthetic, complementing the
surrounding forest.
Overall, the materials used in the Farnsworth House reflect Mies van der Rohe's
commitment to minimalism and his desire to create a structure that integrates
seamlessly with its natural environment. Each element is carefully considered for its
function, aesthetics, and durability, contributing to the iconic look and feel of this
architectural masterpiece.
FAMOUS FEATURES
Farnsworth House features as it embraces nature, built in a wooded flood plain and
oriented around a massive black maple tree. Between two levitating horizontal slabs, the
boundary between inside and out is blurred, opened up by expansive glass walls and a
near absence of visible structural supports
REGIONALISM ARCHITECTURE
INTERNATIONAL
Olivetti Showroom
ARCHITECT
The architect of Olivetti showroom is
Carlo Scarpa. He is the most underrated
architect of the 20th century, who
incorporated regional – modernism in his
work long before it came under the
purview of theorists and modern
architects.
HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION
In 1957, Adriano Olivetti, the visionary leader of the Olivetti typewriter and
calculator company, commissioned renowned architect Carlo Scarpa to design a unique
showroom in Venice. The chosen location wasn't your typical storefront; it was a narrow
alley alongside the bustling Piazza San Marco, a historical heart of the city.
The Olivetti Showroom opened its doors in 1959, immediately captivating
attention for its groundbreaking design and harmonious integration with the Venetian
environment. It became a landmark not only for showcasing Olivetti's products but also
for exemplifying Scarpa's unique architectural vision.
The Olivetti Showroom is not only for its groundbreaking design but also for its
meticulous choice of materials. Each element, from the walls to the windows, plays a
critical role in creating a harmonious and visually stunning space. For the floor and
walls, he came with the Venetian Terrazzo which composed of marble chips in a
cement matrix, adds a warmth and texture to the interior. Its subtle patterns complement
the other materials and provide a timeless elegance.
FAMOUS FEATURE
Coconut Palace
• Manila, Philippines
ARCHITECT
HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION
The Coconut Palace boasts a construction story as unique as its materials. The
conception of the structure sated in 1978 as Former First Lady Imelda Marcos
envisioned the Coconut Palace as a guest house for Pope John Paul II's visit in 1981.
The construction began in 1978 and finished in 1981. Architect Francisco Mañosa led
the design, embracing vernacular Filipino architecture while incorporating modern
techniques.
One famous feature here is that over 70% of the structure used coconut-derived
materials including Coconut timber, for structural elements like columns, beams, and
walls. They also used coconut shell in Decorating the ceiling and furniture, creating
intricate mosaics. Woven into wall panels and insulation, providing natural fire
resistance was used coconut husk and coco lumber as they called as “Imelda Madera
which strengthened the roof and trusses. Other Philippine hardwoods, like narra, were
used for floors and furniture, complementing the coconut theme.
FAMOUS FEATURES
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE
Geometric shapes twist and bend, defying expectations and creating visually
striking structures. Contemporary architects readily embrace cutting-edge technology,
utilizing advanced software for design and construction. From high-tech metals and glass
to reclaimed wood and natural fibers, contemporary architecture explores a vast array of
materials. This results in buildings with unique textures, colors, and finishes, pushing the
boundaries of what's possible.
LOCAL
ARCHITECT
HISTORY OF CONSTUCTION
The project faced logistical hurdles, from managing the massive number of
materials to ensuring earthquake and typhoon resistance. The dome's 10,000-ton steel
roofing posed a significant challenge, requiring meticulous planning and structural
reinforcement.
The Philippine Arena, a marvel of engineering and the world's largest indoor
arena, boasts an impressive construction that utilizes a variety of materials to achieve
its remarkable features. The foundation and Base Isolation of the arena had a High-
density concrete which Forms the sturdy foundation, able to withstand the Philippines'
seismic activity and typhoons. The lead rubber bearings are used as innovative devices
that are placed between the foundation and the superstructure, acting as giant shock
absorbers to isolate the building from earthquakes and strong winds.
For the super structure, the reinforced concrete was the primary material for the
bowl structure, providing strength and stability.1,127 tons of steel used for core shear
walls and other key structural elements, particularly in the massive dome and 541 major
concrete columns: These pillars support the immense weight of the roof and upper
seating areas. For the Dome Roofing, 10,000 tons of steel Forms the framework of the
massive dome, a marvel of engineering spanning 170 meters and reaching a height of
73 meters. And Metal cladding was utilized to covers the steel framework, providing
weatherproofing and a sleek, modern aesthetic.
FAMOUS FEATURES
International architecture and design firm Populous designed the Philippine Arena.
Populous is well known for creating famous sports and entertainment facilities all around
the world. They worked with the Philippine-based architectural company Budji + Royal
Architecture + Design on the Philippine Arena. They pooled their knowledge to develop
the striking and unique design of the Philippine Arena.
The Philippine Arena has been featured and hailed as one of the Top 5 Earthquake
Resistant Structures in the World. Since the 10,000-ton domed roofing is its greatest load
to carry, the Philippine Arena was constructed with thick core shear walls using 1,127 tons
of steel and 541 major concrete columns.
INTERNATIONAL
ARCHITECT
• The architect
behind the magnificent
Heydar Aliyev Cultural
Center in Baku, Azerbaijan,
is none other than the
renowned Zaha Hadid.
HISTORY OF
CONSTRUCTION
For the double-layered Skin which we are seeing in the façade of the building,
Glass-fiber-reinforced polyester panels used to make up the building's outer "skin,"
creating the smooth, undulating surfaces. GFRP offers both strength and
flexibility, adapting to the complex curves of the design. Alminum Employed for cladding
certain external structures like the auditorium balconies and canopies. Large glass
panels allow natural light into the building and offer panoramic views of the surrounding
cityscape.
The choice of materials in the Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center reflects a thoughtful
balance between aesthetics, functionality, and structural integrity. Each element plays a
role in achieving the building's signature fluidity and captivating the imagination of
visitors.
FAMOUS FEATURES