Subject: Creative Writing Subject Teacher: Lerramie J.

Bato

Section:

SENSORY DETAILS IN WRITING

- Includes sight, sound, touch, smell and taste.

- Writers employ the five senses to engage reader’s interest.
- It gives to the readers a universal feeling.

LANGUAGE USE IN CREATIVE WRITING

1. IMAGERY
o It is a language used by poets, novelists and other writers to create images in the mind of the readers and
improves the reader’s experiences through their senses.

Types of Imagery

1. Visual – colors, shapes, patterns, size.

2. Auditory – music, noise, silence.
3. Tactile - texture, movement, temperature.
4. Olfactory – nice fragrances, bad odors.
5. Gustatory – sour, sweet, bitter, salty, acidic.

2. Language Style or Diction

o Diction can be defined as style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a
writer.
o Diction or choice of words separates good writing from bad writing.

Functions:

o In literature, writers choose words to create and convey a typical mood, tone and atmosphere to their
readers.
o A writer’s choice of words and his selection of graphic words not only affects the reader’s attitude but
also conveys the writer’s feelings toward the literary work.
o
Importance:
o Proper diction or proper choice of words is important to get the message across.
o In contrast, the wrong choice of words can easily divert listeners or readers which results in
misinterpretation of the message intended to be conveyed.

Types of Diction

1. Formal diction. Is where formal words are used in formal situations e.g. press conferences, presentations etc.
2. Informal diction. Is used in informal situations like writing or talking to our friends.
o Colloquial diction uses words common in everyday speech.
o Slang is the use of words that are impolite or newly coined.

Subject: Creative Writing Subject Teacher: Lerramie J. Bato

Section: Reporters: GELSANO, SHANA RHAYA
QUILARIO
LIQUIGAN, JAMICA TINAMBACAN

FIGURES OF SPEECH

o are literary devices that achieve special effect by using words in distinctive ways.
o they provoke a thought process and bring depth to the language.
o using figures of speech effectively is an art.
o the more you read the more you will understand them.

TWO CATEGORIES:

1. Devices used to create sound or melody

2. Devices used to evoke imagination and emotions

Devices used to create sound or melody

1. Alliteration. This refers to the repetition of an initial consonant sound

Ex. Don’t delay dawns disarming display.

Dusk demands daylight

2. Assonance. This refers to the identity or similarity in sound between internal vowels in neighboring words

Ex. It beats…as it sweaps… as it cleans!

3. Consonance. Like alliteration, this is a repetition of consonant sound but in the final position.

Ex. Once you go black, you can never go back.

4. Onomatopoeia. This is the use of words that imitate the sounds associated with the objects they refer to.

Ex. The clock’s tick-tocks remind the old man of his impending death.

Devices used to evoke imagination and emotions

5. Simile. This is a stated comparison usually using like or as between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain
qualities in common.

Ex. On the ring, Muhammad Ali floated like a butterfly but he stung like a bee.

6. Metaphor. This is an implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something in common.

Ex. My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.

7. Personification. This is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities
or abilities.

Ex. The picture in that magazine screamed for attention.

8. Hyperbole. This is an extravagant statement or the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened
effect.

Ex. I’m so busy trying to accomplish ten million things at once.

9. Metonymy. This is a figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely
associated.

Ex. (referring to the movie industry

 Hollywood is undeterred by the mass actions against stereotyping organized by the minorities.

10. Synecdoche. This is a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or the whole for the part.

Ex. Rationalizing guilt is a common trait of white-collar criminals.

11. Euphemism. This refers to the substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit

Ex. Most of the informal settlers have been relocated outside Metro Manila.

12. Climax. This is a figure of speech in which a series of phrases or sentences is arranged in ascending order of rhetorical
forcefulness.

Ex. Let a man acknowledge his obligations to himself, his family, his country and his God.

13. Anticlimax. This is opposite of climax.

Ex. He has seen the ravages of war, he has known natural catastrophes, he has been to singles bars.

14. Oxymoron. This figure of speech uses incongruous or contradictory terms usually side by side with each other.

Ex. She cannot be trusted. She is a real phony friend.

15. Sarcasm. This makes use of words that mean the opposite of what the speaker or writer wants to say especially in order
to insult someone, to show irritation or to be funny.

Ex. Nice perfume. Must you marinate in it?

16. Irony. This refers to a statement or situation that is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea.

Ex. Who would expect that Bill Gates would win a computer in his company’s raffle draw?

17. Apostrophe. This figure of speech addresses an inanimate object, an abstraction or an absent person.

Ex. Moon, river…wherever you’re going, I’m going your way.

“It’s not about perfect. It’s about effort.” – Jillian Michael

Subject: Creative Writing Subject Teacher: Lerramie J. Bato

Section: Reporters:

Introduction to Poetry

Poetry has remained a vital part of art and culture. Like other forms of literature, poetry is made
to express thoughts and emotions in a creative and imaginative way. It conveys thoughts and
feelings, describes a scene or tells a story in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of words.
STRUCTURE OF POETRY

One significant way to analyze poems is by looking into the stanza structure and the form of
the poem. Generally speaking, structure refers to the overall organization of lines and/or the
conventional patterns of sound. However, various modern poems may not have particular
structure.

A. Stanza- Stanzas refer to series of lines grouped together and separated by a space from other
stanzas. They correspond to a paragraph in an essay. Identifying the stanza is done by
counting the number of lines.

Terms used to refer to the number of stanzas:

1. monostich (1 line)
2. couplet (2 lines)
3. tercet (3 lines)
4. quatrain (4 lines)
5. cinquain (5 lines)
6. sestet (6 lines) (sometimes it's called a sexain)
7. septet (7 lines),
8. octave (8 lines).

B. Form- In many cases, a poem may not have specific lines or stanza, and metrical pattern,
however, it can still be labelled according to its form or style.
C.
Three most common types of poetry according to form:
1. Lyric Poetry- It is any poem with one speaker who expresses strong thoughts and feelings.
Most poems, especially modern ones, are lyric poems. Below are some types of lyric poetry.

a. Ode- An ode is a lyric poem that praises an individual, an idea or an event. The
length is usually moderate, the subject is serious, the style is elevated and the
stanza pattern is elaborate. In Ancient Greece, odes were originally accompanied
by music. In fact, the word “ode” comes from the Greek word “ aeidein”, which
means to sing or to dance.
b. Elegy- is written to mourn for the dead.
c. Sonnet. It is a lyric poem consisting of 14 lines and, in the English version, is
usually written in iambic pentameter.

2. Narrative Poetry- It is a poem that tells a story; its structure resembles the plot line of a
story i.e. the introduction of conflict and characters, rising action, climax and the denouement.
The most common types of narrative poetry are ballad and epic
a. Ballad- It is a narrative poem that has a musical rhythm and can be sung. A ballad is
usually organized into quatrains or cinquains, it has a simple rhythm structure, and tells the
tales of ordinary people.
Example: Excerpt from “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe
b. Epic- It is a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or
historical hero.
Examples of epic include Iliad by Homer, Beowulf, The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri,
Metamorphoses by Ovid and many more.
3. Descriptive Poetry- It is a poem that describes the world that surrounds the speaker. It uses
elaborate imagery and adjectives. While emotional, it is more "outward-focused" than lyric
poetry, which is more personal and introspective.

OTHER FORMS OF POETRY

1. Haiku- It has an unrhymed verse form having three lines (a tercet) and usually 5,7,5
syllables, respectively. It is usually considered a lyric poem.

2. Limerick- It has a very structured poem, usually humorous & composed of five lines (a
cinquain), in an AABBA rhyming pattern; beat must be anapestic (weak, weak, strong) with
3 feet in lines 1, 2, & 5 and 2 feet in lines 3 & 4. It is usually a narrative poem based upon
a short and often ribaldanecdote.

3. Acrostic poems- also known as name poems, spell out names or words with the first
letter in each line. While the author is doing this, they're describing someone or something
they deem important.

"You don't have to be great to start, but you have to start to be great."
– Zig Ziglar

Subject: Creative Writing Subject Teacher: Lerramie J. Bato

Section: Reporters: SALOMA, LORDY E.

ALCALA, NITHEL CARRIE A.

ELEMENTS OF POETRY:
 METER AND FEET

Poetry relies heavily on sound and not just its visual representation on the page. The previous
lesson about stanza/line is actually related to this lesson- meter, which largely determines line
length and lineation.

Meter- in poetry means the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in a poem.

When one scans a poem determining its metrical patter one uses:
(/)- slant line for stressed or accented syllables
(u)- small u for unstressed or slack syllables

Three types of meter:

1. Accentual meter- counts the number of stress but does not count the syllables.
2. Syllabic meter- which is a style frequently used in early Filipino poetry, is the reversal of the
accentual- syllables are counted, but stresses are varied.
3. Accentual-syllabic- is a combination of the two-both stresses and syllables are measured
and counted.

Foot- is the basic unit of the meter and usually consists of one stressed syllable and one or two
unstressed syllables.

Types of feet used in English poetry:

1. Iamb – refers to a weak ( unstressed) syllables followed by a strong stressed syllable

u/u/u/u/
I think that I shall never see
2. Trochee- stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable
/u/u/u/u
Tell me not in mournful numbers
3. Anapest – two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable
uu/uu/uu/
On this night of all nights of the year
4. Dactyl- refers to a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables
/uu
I’m not it
5. Pyrrhic- two unstressed syllbles
uu
rat-tle
6. Spondee- two stressed syllables
//
Deep-sea

Subject: Creative Writing Subject Teacher: Lerramie J. Bato

Section: Reporters: PAJA, IVORY TINAMBACAN

PELIAS, JUNE DENVER DIZON

ELEMENTS OF POETRY:
 METER AND FEET

Poetry relies heavily on sound and not just its visual representation on the page. The previous
lesson about stanza/line is actually related to this lesson- meter, which largely determines line
length and lineation.

Meter- in poetry means the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables found in a poem.

When one scans a poem determining its metrical patter one uses:
(/)- slant line for stressed or accented syllables
(u)- small u for unstressed or slack syllables

Three types of meter:

4. Accentual meter- counts the number of stress but does not count the syllables.
5. Syllabic meter- which is a style frequently used in early Filipino poetry, is the reversal of the
accentual- syllables are counted, but stresses are varied.
6. Accentual-syllabic- is a combination of the two-both stresses and syllables are measured
and counted.

Foot- is the basic unit of the meter and usually consists of one stressed syllable and one or two
unstressed syllables.

Types of feet used in English poetry:

1. Iamb – refers to a weak ( unstressed) syllables followed by a strong stressed syllable

u/u/u/u/
I think that I shall never see
2. Trochee- stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable
/u/u/u/u
Tell me not in mournful numbers
3. Anapest – two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable
uu/uu/uu/
On this night of all nights of the year
4. Dactyl- refers to a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables
/uu
I’m not it
5. Pyrrhic- two unstressed syllbles
uu
rat-tle
6. Spondee- two stressed syllables
//
Deep-sea

Subject: Creative Writing Subject Teacher: Lerramie J. Bato

Section: Reporters:

POETRY WRITING
FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF POETRY

1. Line Length meter is based on a specific number of stressed and unstressed syllables in each line, so the length of the
line is determined in advance by the metrical scheme the poet adopts.
2. Heightened use of sound rhyme is a device that ends two lines with the same sound.
3. Use of Rhythm is a systematic variation in flow of sound.
4. Compression this is done through the use of language which suggests much more than the immediate, surface meaning.

LANGUAGE OF POETRY

1. Levels of Usage deals with personal feelings and insights.

2. Appropriate words and phrases not fancy ones.
3. Tone

IMAGES IN POETRY WRITING

Image is any significant piece of sense data.

o Using all five senses

o Images as figures of speech – simile and metaphor.
 Tenor – describes the poet’s actual subject of concern.
 Vehicle – the image associated with it.
 Mixed Metaphor – is one with two contradictory vehicles.

THE SOUND OF WORDS IN POETRY WRITING

1. Rhyme a device which consists of two or more words linked by an identity in sound which begins with an accented
vowel and continues to the end of each word.
2. Nonrhyming Devices
o Alliteration
o Assonance
o Consonance
o Onomatopoiea
3. Muting Sound Devices
o Run-on line is one which the grammatical construction of the meaning continues to the next line.
o Radical Method simply to separate the rhyming lines – rhyming scheme involves. (ABAB-CDCD)
o Slant Rhyme (also called as off rhymes) are similar but not identical in sound.
Ex. Barnacles - snails