Eje 1 Grammar Reference
Eje 1 Grammar Reference
Eje 1 Grammar Reference
Grammar - References
En esta sección usted encontrará ejercicios para practicar aspectos de la
gramática tratados en el eje. También aparecen explicaciones adicionales a
las ya provistas y por último, al finalizar la sección, usted encontrará
las claves de autocorrección para los ejercicios.
Verbs
FORM
Positive Negative
Long Short Long Short Question
I am I'm I am not I'm not Am l ... ?
You are You're You are not You aren't Are you ... ?
She is She's She is not She isn't Is she ... ?
He is He's He is not He isn't Is he ... ?
It is It's It is not It isn't Is it ... ?
We are We're We are not We aren't Are we ... ?
They are They're They are not They aren't Are they ... ?
Note
We can always use the positive short form after pronouns
(I'm, you're, she's, he's, it's, we're, they're) but we cannot
always use it after nouns.
Practice
FORM
Positive Negative
I have got (I've got) I have not got
You (You've got) You (haven't)
We (We've got) We
They (They've got) They
She has got (She's got) She has not got
He (He's got) He (hasn't)
It (It's got) It
USE
• Possession:
She's got three cats.
Have you got a car?
We've got three children.
He hasn't got many friends.
• Illnesses:
I've got a bad cold.
Has he got a headache?
• Descriptions:
He's got brown hair, blue eyes and a long nose.
Note
We can also use have for possession:
They have a big house.
Do you have a job?
I don't have enough money.
But in British English have got is more cornmon than
have for possession.
Practice
2.a. Complete the sentences with has and have got. Use the short forms 've got and 's
got.
Picture A Picture B
4 a menu. a menu.
5 a bag. a bag.
6 a coat. a coat.
7 a lighter. a lighter.
8 a watch. a watch.
9 a newspaper. a newspaper.
10 a ring. a ring.
2.c. Peter is going on holiday to France. His friend is checking that he has got
everything. In your notebook, write questions about the following using
‘Have you got your ...?’
Then look at Peter's suitcase and answer the questions with Yes, I have.
or No, I haven 't.
Example: 1 'Have you got your swimming costume?' 'Yes, I have. '
2 'Have you got your umbrella?' 'No, I haven't.'
FORM
I She
You He Works.
Work.
We It
They
Verbs ending in sh, ch, ss, o or x, e.g. teach, wash, watch, go: add es to the verb after
she, he it.
I She
You He carries.
carry.
We It
They
Verbs ending in consonant + y, e.g. carry, study, cry: change y → I and add es
after she, he, it.
USE
To give a general description of a person or thing. Not for an activity happening
now.
With think, know, understand, agree, want (verbs that are not activities).
With sometimes, often, always, usually, never, occasionally (adverbs of
frequency). These adverbs usually go before the present simple verb:
She often goes there.
He doesb’t often go there.
Do you sometimes go there
With repeated times, e.g. every Saturday, in the evening (= every evening), at 8
o’clock (= at 8 o’clock every day), in the summer (= every summer.
Practice
3.a. Complete the sentences with the verb in the correct form.
3.b. Complete the sentences with the verb in the correct form.
3.d. In your notebook, write sentences in the present simple about these people
Deniz Ulgen…
Pierre Moulin…
Maria Protopapas…
FORM
i
she
you
Do live…? Does he live…?
we
it
they
Short answers
i i
you you do not
Yes, do. No,
we we (don’t)
they they
she she
does not
Yes, he does. No, he
(doesn’t)
it it
Practice
4. a. Add do or does to make questions and do, don’t, does or doesn’t to make short
answers.
FORM
I
She
You do not does not
like… He like…
We (don’t) (doesn’t)
It
they
Note:
There is no s at the end of the verb in the negative:
She likes… but She doesn’t like…, NOT She doesn’t likes
Practice
Check
Positive Negative
I
You You
work
We
They They
She She
He He
It
Yes,
he ? he
No,
it
6.b. Complete the conversation, putting the verbs into the present simple.
Sentence structure
7. He always gets up early: frequency adverbs with the Present Simple tense
Practice
She’s got a girl and a boy. The girl’s ten and the boy’s eight.
He gave me a book and a cassette. I liked the book but I didn’t like the
cassette very much.
Practice
1. I’ve got a lighter and a box of matches but the lighter doesn’t work very
well.
2. There’s a doctor and a nurse in the village but the doctor’s getting
rather old now.
3. I bought sandwich and piece of cake
Sandwich was all right but cake was horrible.
4. woman and two men were here a few moments ago. I think woman
wanted to see you.
5. They’ve got dog and cat, rabbit and some goldfish but the
children like dog best.
6. He sent me two letters and postcard while he was on holiday
postcard didn’t say much but letters were very interesting.
7. you can have apple or orange apples are nice and sweet.
8. There’s plum tree and peach tree in our garden.
peach tree doesn’t produce many peaches but plum tree produces
lots of plums every year.
9. There’s theatre and two cinemas in town but one of cinemas is
closing down.
10. There’s train at 2.00 and one at 3.30 2.00 train takes two hours
and 3.30 train takes hour an half.
You’ve got a big garden. (the garden = our garden, or the garden at this
The dog’s in the garden. house)
The café next to the station is open (We know which café. It is the café next to the
all night. station.)
a, an + singular noun:
That’s a nice car.
There are other nice cars and we are talking about one of them.
the + singular or plural noun:
the = one in particular. We are talking about a known object, person or animal.
The speaker and listener know which one it is. It is not one of many. It is one in
particular:
Did you clean the car?
We are talking about our car. There is only one of these.
Practice
We use the when there is only one: the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea, the
weather, the earth, the world. The President of France, the capital of Great
Britain.
We don’t use a or the before most names of places: France, London, Africa.
Practice
11. I can speak English. They can’t swim: modal verb can, can’t
FORM
Positive Negative
I I
You You
She She
can’t swim.
He can swim. He
(cannot)
It It
We We
They They
USE
To talk about what someone can or can’t do:
- in the present, when it is generally true:
I can drive now.
Can you play piano?
- in the present, at this moment::
I can help you now.
- in the future, with a time expression:
She can’t come to the party tomorrow.
Practice
11.a. Complete the sentences using can or can’t and one of the verbs in the box.
1. ‘You can use my car.’ ‘Thank you very much, but I can’t drive ‘
2. I’m sorry but I can’t come to your party on Saturday because I’m going away
for the weekend.
3. Emily is only five but she very well. Her favourite books are adventure
stories.
Prepositions
12. at, on, in, to, from, onto, off, into, out of: prepositions of position and
movement.
I walked back from the office today A bee flew onto my arm.
He jumped off the wall. He threw his books into the bin.
Practice
12.a. Which prepositions do we use with these verbs? Copy the headings into your
notebook and put the verbs into the correct list.
to at from
→X ●X
X→
Practice
1.
1.a.
3. I´m sorry.
4. She´s not…
5. They´re…
6. It´s …
7. He´s …
8. I´m …
9. You´re…
10. We´re…
1. b
3. am
4. is
5. are
6. Is
7. Are
8. is
9. is
10. are
11. are
12 . is
13. Is
14. Am
2.
2.a
3. ´s got
4. ´ve got
5. ´s got
6. ´ve got
7. ´s got
8. ´ve got
9. ´s got
10. ´s got
11. ´s got
12. ´s got
2. b
3. Jill´s got a napkin. Jill hasn´t got a napkin.
4. Jill hasn´t got a menu. Jill´s got a menu.
5. Jill hasn´t got a bag. Jill´s got a bag.
6. Jill´s got a coat. Jill hasn´t got a coat.
7. Jill´s got a lighter. Jill hasn´t got a lighter.
8. Jill has got a watch. Jill hasn´t got a watch.
9. Jill hasn´t got a newspaper. Jill´s got a newspaper.
10. Jill hasn´t got a ring. Jill´s got a ring.
2.c
3. Have you got a travel clock? Yes, I have.
4. Have you got a camera? No, I haven´t.
5. Have you got a French phrase book? Yes, I have.
6. Have you got a passport? Yes, I have.
7. Have you got an address book? No I haven´t.
8. Have you got the ticket? Yes, I have.
9. Have you got French francs? Yes, I have.
10. Have you got sunglasses? No I haven´t.
2. d
3. Have we got the tickets? Yes, we have.
4. Has the town got a theatre? No it hasn´t.
5. Has he got a job? No, he hasn´t.
6. Have your friends got some good music? Yes, they have.
7. Have I got time for a cup of coffee? Yes, you have.
8. Has your son got cold? Yes, he has.
9. Have they got a garden? No, they haven´t.
10. Have you got a good hotel room? Yes, we have.
3.
3. a
3. forget
4. listens
5. drink
6. drive
7. come
8. learn
9. opens
10. give
11. fights
12. help
13. like
14. understands
15. start
3. b
3. studies
4. watches
5. cry
6. does
7. washes
8. teach
9. carries
10. pushes
3. c
3. She usually buys all the food.
4. She teaches History and Latin.
5. He walks to the office every day.
6. She never washes the car.
7. He opens the building every morning.
8. He occasionally writes letters to his old school friends.
9. He drinks a lot of tea with his breakfast.
10. She watches the football on television every Saturday.
3. d.
Deniz Ulgen comes from Turkey.
He lives in Ankara.
He works in a hotel.
He often plays chess and goes to concerts.
He speaks English and German.
Pierre Moulin comes from France.
He lives in Paris.
He works in a shop.
He often paints and listens to music.
He speaks some English and a little Italian.
4.
4. a
3. Do / do
4. Do / don´t
5. Do / do
6. Does / doesn´t
7. Does / does
8. Do / don´t
9. Do / don´t
10. Does / does
4. b
3. Does she speak English well?
4. Does it rain a lot here in winter?
5. Do you drink a lot of tea?
6. Do I eat too much doctor?
7. Does Tony often play golf at the weekends?
8. Do his friends visit him most evenings?
4. c
3. Where does he live?
4. What music does her husband like?
5. When does she do her homework?
6. Why do we learn latin?
7. Who does she teach?
8. How do I turn on the television?
5.
5. a
2. It doesn´t usually snow here in the winter.
3. I don´t like a big breakfast every morning.
4. The film doesn´t start very early.
5. He doesn´t swim every morning.
6. The don´t always open the windows at night.
7. We don´t often see our neighbours in the garden.
8. Chris doesn´t go on holiday every year.
9. You don´t drive very fast.
10. These young children don´t learn very quickly.
6.
6. b
work
Do / like
love
cooks / work / don´t go out
don´t see
have / stay Does / go
talks do / see
doesn´t know / telephone
goes out know / wants
7.
7. b
8.
8. a
3. a - a – the - the
4. a - the
5. a -a - a – the
6 a - the - the
7. an - an - the
8. a - a - the - the
9. a - the
10. a - the - the – an
9.
9. a
3. a
4. a - the
5. a - the
6. a - the
7. a - the - the
8. a - the - the
9. a - the
10. the - a
10.
10. a
3. Did you see the Pope when you went to Rome?
4. The sky went very grey and it started to rain.
5. I hope I can go round the world one day.
6. The Prince of Wales is visiting our town next week.
7. What is the capital of Sweden?
8. It was very cold in the sea today.
9. How many countries are in The European Community?
10. I once met the Prime Minister of Spain.
12.
12. a
Verbs + prepositions of position : stay, arrive, stop , work , meet , park , be, live ,
sleep.
Verbs + prepositions of movement : drive, take, move, fall, run , carry, walk , ride ,
come.
12. b
3. at
4. to
5. from / to
6. from
7. at
8. to
9. at / from / to
10. to /at /at