Basic English Grammar Preparation for the Oficiales Promotion Course

• Present simple- verb to be p1 • Future- going to and present continuous p7-8

• Present simple p2 • Future- will p8-10
• Present continuous and present simple p3- • Present perfect simple p10-11
4
• Past simple be p4-5 • Comparatives-superlatives/ adjectives and
adverbs p11-13
• Past simple p5-6 • Adjective order in descriptions p13
• Past simple and past continuous p6-7 • Irregular verbs p13-14

Present Tense: Verb be Affirmative

Full form Contraction

I am David. I’m David.
You are my student. You’re my student.
He is Jose. (Masculine) He’s Jose.
She is Maria. (Feminine) She’s Maria.
It is Tuesday. It’s Tuesday.
We are police officers. We’re police officers.
You are in English class You’re in English class.
They are my students. They’re my students.

• Use capital I. I’m your teacher. NOT i’m. • Use plural they for people and things.
• Use you for singular and plural. • Contractions=missing letter, e.g. I’m = I am.
• Use he = man. • Use contractions in conversation.
• Use she = woman.

Present Tense: Verb be Questions and Short Answers.

Am I I’m not. I am.

Are you you aren’t. you are.
Is he/she/it Italian? No, he/she/it isn’t. Yes, he/she/it is.
Are we Spanish? we aren’t. we are.
Are you you aren’t. you are.
Are they they aren’t. they are.

Present Tense: Verb be Negative.

I am not I’m not.

You are not You aren’t
He/ She/ It is not He isn’t French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Argentinian etc.
We are not We aren’t
You are not You aren’t
They are not They aren’t

Exercise 1:Complete the sentences. Use contractions where possible.

1. The flowers ___ beautiful. 2. It _____ a beautiful day.

3. You _____ late for class again. 4. They _____ French. They’re Belgians.
5. Chinese ____ a difficult language to learn. 6. We ______ from Albacete.
7. Blanca and I ____ tired. 8. It ______ an iPhone. It’s a Samsung Galaxy.
9. We ______English. We’re Scottish 10. He ______ happy. He’s sad.
11. This ______ Chinese food. It’s Japanese. 12. ____ he a student?
13. ‘I ______ Russian. I’m from Moscow.’ 14. ‘Is he in Class 4?’ ‘No, he ____.’
15. My name ______John. 16. ‘Is Marta Spanish?’ ‘Yes, ____is.’
17. Her name ______ Maria. 18. ‘Where ____ you from?’ ‘I’m from Poland.’
19. I ______ hungry. 20. ‘Are they teachers?’ ‘No, they __________.’

David McMaster 22nd June 2020 1

 Present Simple

The present simple is used for routines, habits and things that are always true.
• I have coffee with my breakfast every day.
• I usually listen to music in the evening. (adverb of frequency goes before the main verb)
• I don’t like Mondays.

Affirmative Negative
I work. I don’t (do not)
You work. You don’t
He/She/It works. He/She/It doesn’t(does not) work.
We work. We don’t
You work. You don’t
They work. They don’t

Spelling rules for he/she/it

I work / play / live. He / She works / plays / lives.
I watch / finish / go / do. She watches / finishes / goes / does.
I study. He / She studies.

Questions
Do I
Do you
Does he/she/it work?
Do we
Do you
Do they

Remember the question word order = ASI or QUASI

Question word Auxiliary Subject Infinitive
Do you live in Madrid?
Does Pablo like football?
Where do you work?
What time do you go to bed?

Short Answer Affirmative Short Answers Negative

I do. I don’t.
you do. you don’t.
Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn’t.
we do. we don’t.
you do. you don’t.
they do. they don’t.

Exercise 1:Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. They _______________ (not have) children. 2. I _______________ (work) in a pub.
3. The pub _______________ (close) at 11.00 p.m. 4. She _______________ (not like) coffee.
5. We _______________ (speak) English and Italian. 6. They_______________ (study) at the university.
7. Teresa _______________ (drive) a nice car. 8. Juan _______________ (not play) computer games

Exercise 2: Complete the sentences with one word

a) __________ they live in France? b) We __________ live in a house. We live in a flat.
c) __________ your father work in a restaurant? d) What __________ your father do?
e) Where __________ you work? f) _____ you like chocolate?

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 Present Continuous: be + verb + ing

We use the present continuous for things that are happening now, at the moment.

• It’s snowing. (now)

• We are studying English. (now)
• Alberto is wearing a hat today.
• A What are you doing?
• B I’m writing a letter.

Affirmative Negative
Full form Contraction Full form Contraction
I am I’m I am not I’m not
You are You’re You are not You aren’t
He/She/It is He/She/It’s working. He/She is not He isn’t working.
We are We’re We are not We aren’t
You are You’re You are not You aren’t
They are They’re They are not They aren’t

Question
Am I
Are you
Is he/she/it working?
Are we
Are you
Are they

Short Answers

I am. I’m not.

you are. you aren’t.
Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t.
we are. we aren’t.
you are. you aren’t.
they are. they aren’t.
Spelling Rules
• cook= cooking, study=studying, work=working
• come=coming write=writing dance=dancing. When the infinitive ends in e we omit it from the –ing
form.
• run=running sit=sitting swim=swimming. One vowel + one consonant = double consonant

Exercise 1: Change the sentences. Use the verb in brackets.

1. The dog’s running. (bark) 2. He’s drinking. (eat)

No, it isn’t. It’s barking. __________________________________________.

3. They’re talking. (argue) 4. He’s listening to music. (read the newspaper)

__________________________________________. __________________________________________.
5. She’s running. (walk) 6. They’re watching football. (play football)
__________________________________________. __________________________________________.
7. They’re cycling. (run) 8. The baby’s eating. (cry)
__________________________________________. __________________________________________.

Present Simple and Present Continuous

1) We use the present continuous to talk about now, at the time of speaking:

• Juan is having a shower at the moment.

• It’s raining.
• What are you doing?

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2) We use the present simple to talk in general about what we usually do, routines and habits.

• Class starts at 5pm everyday.

• Juan has a shower every morning.
• It rains a lot in Manchester.

3) Note we do not normally use these verbs in the present continuous:

like, love, want, know, understand, remember, depend, prefer, hate, need, mean, believe, forget

4) Exercise 1: Fill in the gaps using the present simple or present continuous

a) Enrique _________ (listen) to the radio at the b) A. What ____ you _________ (do) ?
moment. B. I __________ (study) for an English exam.
c) He ________ (listen) to it in the car every day. d) The police are ________ (question) the witness.
e) I __________ (study) every evening. f) José Luis ____________ (take) statements every day.

5) Exercise 2: Complete the email. Use the present simple or present continuous form of the verb
in brackets.

Hi John

How are you? At the moment, I’m listening (listen) to music. I usually 1 __________ (listen) to music in the
evenings. On Fridays, I sometimes 2 __________ (go) to the cinema with Suzie, but she 3 __________ (study) now.
She 4 __________ (have) a lot of work. My cousin 5 __________ (stay) with us at the moment and he 6 __________
(wait) for me downstairs.

See you soon

Robert

Past Simple be
1. We use the past simple to talk about the past:
• My cat was ill. • I was tired yesterday.
• We were in Italy last year. • They weren’t hungry.

2. We can use the contraction in negatives

• I wasn’t. = I was not. • You weren’t. = You were not.

Affirmative Negative
I was happy. I wasn’t happy.
You were my student. You weren’t my student.
He/She/It was sad. He/ She/ It wasn’t sad
We were tired. We weren’t tired.
You were unhappy. You weren’t unhappy.
They were lazy. They weren’t lazy.

Questions
Was I
Were you
Was He she it Lazy?
Were we
Were you
Were they

Short Answer affirmative Short Answer negative

I was. I wasn’t.
you were. you weren’t.
Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it wasn’t.
we were. we weren’t.
you were. you weren’t.
they were they weren’t.

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 Past Simple be: Questions and Short Answers

Exercise 1: Underline the correct words.

1. The murderer was / were sentenced 2. Did / Were Pedro and Ana at school
yesterday. yesterday?
3. Where was / were Marta this morning? 4. Where were you / was you last night?
5. Yesterday was / were Friday. 6. The shops wasn’t / weren’t open today.
7. I wasn’t / weren’t at work today 8. The shoplifter was/were arrested.

The Past Simple: Regular Verbs

• We use the past simple to talk about finished actions in the past

• To form the past simple regular verb we add –ed. For negatives we use the auxiliary do and the main
verb stays infinitive.

Affirmative Negative
I I
You You
He/She/It played football yesterday. He/She/I didn’t (did not) play football yesterday.
t
We We
You You
They They

Question (ASI or QUASI)

I
you
Did he/she/it play football yesterday?
we
you
they

Affirmative Answer Negative Answer

I I
you you
Yes, he/she/it did. No, he/she/it didn’t.
we we
you you
they they

Spelling rules
Infinitive Past Simple
talk talked
play played
like liked (just add d when the verb finishes in e)
study studied (change y to i after consonant).
stop stopped (if verb finishes in consonant-vowel-consonant we double the final
consonant).

Exercise 2:Complete the sentences. Use the past simple form of the verb in brackets
1) The nightclub __________ (not close) until 3 a.m. 2) What time _______they ________ (arrive) yesterday?
3) We _________ (work) hard yesterday. 4) She __________ (not like) the food in the restaurant.
5) I __________ (study) for three hours last night. 6) ________ you ________(watch) that film last night?
7) When __________ the party __________ (finish) last 8) My grandparents __________ (live) in Australia. Now
night? they live in Poland.

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 Past Simple Irregular Verbs

1. We use the irregular past form in affirmative sentences only.

• Miguel Angel bought a rolls Royce yesterday

• Sara went to her English class on Thursday

2. In questions we don’t change the main verb. (Remember ASI and QUASI)

• Did Miguel Angel buy a Rolls Royce yesterday?

• Did Sara go to her English class on Thursday?

3. In the negative we don’t change the main verb.

• Miguel Angel didn’t buy a Rolls Royce yesterday.

• Sara didn’t go to her English class on Thursday.

P6 Exercise 1: Complete the conversation.

Sue Where did you and Conchi go yesterday?

Anne We went to a restaurant.
Sue Did you go by car?
Anne No, we 1 __________. We went by taxi.
Sue What did you wear?
Anne I 2 __________ my blue dress.
Sue What did you have to eat?
Anne I 3 __________ steak and chips.
Sue What time did you leave the restaurant?
Anne We 4 __________ at nine o’clock.
Sue Did you go to the cinema after that?
Anne Yes. We 5 __________ to see a fantastic film.
Sue What time did you get home?
Anne We didn’t 6 __________ home until twelve o’clock.

P6 Exercise 2: Complete the dialogue. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.

Freddie Where did you go (you go) last year?

Mike I went to Japan.
Freddie Fantastic! When 1 _________ (you go)?
Mike In the summer.
Freddie Who 2 _________ (you go) with?
Mike I went with Sam, but we had a few problems.
Freddie What 3 _________ (happen)?
Mike We lost our passports.
Freddie Really? What 4 _________ (you do)?
Mike We went to the police station.
Freddie What 5 _________ (they say)?
Mike Well – the passports were there!
Freddie That was lucky! Who 6 _________ (find) them?
Mike Two children – in a park.
Freddie That was very lucky

Using the Past Continuous

We use the past continuous to describe an action in progress at a specific time in the past.

• At 6 pm I was ironing my children’s clothes. • The police were watching the suspects.
• What were you doing at 9 o’clock last night? • The thief was mugging victims near the
station

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 Affirmative Negative
I was I wasn’t
You were You weren’t
He/She/It was working. He/She/It wasn’t working.
We were We weren’t
You were You weren’t
They were They weren’t

Question
Was I
Were you
Was he/she/it working?
Were we
Were you
Were they

Short answer affirmative Short answers negative

I was. I wasn’t.
you were. you weren’t
Yes he/she/it was. Yes he/she/it wasn’t.
we were. we weren’t.
you were. you weren’t.
they were. they weren’t.

Past Simple or Past Continuous?

1. The past continuous describes a longer action or situation in the past.

• I was singing in the shower.

2. The past simple describes a shorter finished action.
• The phone rang.
3. We often use the past continuous together with the past simple.

• I was singing in the shower when the phone rang.

The past continuous refers to the longer action or situation and the past simple refers to the shorter action
that happens in the middle or interrupts a longer action.

• we saw the rapist when we were walking down the street.

• Jose was sleeping when the burglars broke into the house.

Complete the exercise using the past simple or continuous.

a) They ________tennis when it ______ to rain. (play, b)

She ____________ (not go) to the cinema with us
start) last week.
c) He _________ his leg when he ________.(break, ski)d) _________ Ben _________ (wear) his new jeans
when you saw him?
e) A dog _________ my sandwich when I __________ f) Last year I ____________ (run) in the London
in the park. (eat, sleep) marathon.
g) We ________ in the library when the fire ________ h) I ____________ (not watch) TV when you rang, I
(study, start) was in the shower.
i) It ____________ (not rain) when we got to the j) _________ you _________ (drive) to France last
beach. summer?
k) I met Paul when I ____________ (walk) the dog. l) What _________ you _________ (do) at eight
o’clock last night?
Future Tenses-Going to
1. We often use going to for predictions when we see something is going to happen in the future
because we have evidence.

• Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.

• Watch out! You’re going to crash into that tree!
• She is going to have a baby. She looks about seven months pregnant.

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 2. We often use going to talk about plans and intentions- things that people have decided (not) to do

• I’m going to take a holiday next week. • I’m not going to come to class tomorrow
• I’m going to buy a new computer. • I’m going to study English

3. Note that when we use going to go we can omit go. For example:

• I’m going to go to Cáceres at Christmas. • I’m going to Cáceres at Christmas.

Exercise 1: Complete the email. Use the correct form of going to and the verb in brackets.

Hi Paco
How are you? Are you going to come (come) to my party next month? It 1 __________ (be) really good fun. I
want to have some great music, so I 2 __________ (find) a good DJ. My students 3 __________ (pay) for the food and
drink. My sister 4 __________ (not be) there because she 5 __________ (travel) to Canada with a friend next week.
Sorry! They 6 __________ (fly) to Montreal and then they 7 __________ (go) by train to Vancouver. It’s their dream
holiday! They 8 __________ (have) a fantastic time! Hope you can come to the party!
Regards Ben

Present Continuous

1) We can use the present continuous with a future meaning, especially when we talk about
arrangements or plans for a fixed time and/or place.

• What are you doing this evening? I’m staying in. • I’m starting a new job next week.
• Rangers are playing Celtic this evening. • I’m meeting Scott in the centre at half five.

2) The present continuous is especially common with the expressions tonight, tomorrow, this weekend,
later, etc and with these verbs go, come, meet, see, leave and arrive.

3) In some cases, it is possible to use BOTH be + going to or present continuous for plans and future
arrangements. For example

• I’m going to meet John later. (plan)

• I’m meeting John later. (plan)

Exercise 2: Choose the correct option:

a) Be careful with that knife. You are cutting / b) I don’t think he’s going to phone / phoning
are going to cut your finger. tonight.
c) Are you coming/ Are you going to come to d) I’m travelling / going to travel around the
class? world one day.
e) I meet / am meeting Olivia at the cinema f) I can’t come to the cinema, I’m meeting /
after class. going to meet Jan tonight.
g) The sky is really grey. It is raining / is going h) Fran says she’s buying / going to buy some
to rain soon. milk on her way home.
i) I’m going to/ I’m going to go to Asturias in j) What are you doing / going to do when you
the summer. leave university?
k) I think it’s snowing / going to snow this l) You’re not going to enjoy / enjoying the party
evening. next Friday.

Future Tenses: will, won’t + infinitive

We use will/won’t + infinitives for future predictions, promises, offers, and decisions.

Affirmative Negative
I’ll (will) I
You’ll (will) You
He’ll/ She’ll/ It’ll (will) pass the exam. He/She/It won’t pass the exam.
We’ll (will) We
You’ll (will) You
They’ll (will) They

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 Question
I
you
Will he/she/it pass the exam?
we
you
they

Positive short answer Negative short answer

I I
you you
Yes he/she/it will. No he/she/it won’t.
we we
you you
they they

We can often use both be+going to or will+infinitive for predictions.

1. We use be+going to when we have evidence in front of us

• We’re going to crash into that tree. (There is a tree in front of us)
• She’s going to have a baby. (She is looking bigger than normal)

2. However, when we use will+infinitive, we do not have outside evidence to show us that something is
going to happen. It is often used for instant reactions.

• It’ll be a great party tonight.

• A: I’m meeting Paul tonight.

• B: He’ll be late.

3. We often use I think/ I don’t think + will to make predictions.

• I think he’ll pass the English exam.

Note The future of there is/are = there will be

The future of can = I’ll be able to NOT I’ll can

We also use will/won’t in the following:

4. Promises
• I won’t tell anyone your secret.
• I’ll pay you back tomorrow.

5. Offers-We use shall when an offer is a question. For example

• Shall I open the window?

• Shall we go to the cinema?

6. We can also use will for offers when it is not a question.

• I’ll help you with your homework.

• I’ll make the dinner for you.

7. Decisions-We also use will at the moment of making a decision.

• A: This bag is very heavy. • A: It’s very hot in here.

• B: Don’t worry I’ll carry it. • B: Don’t worry, I’ll turn on the air conditioning.

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Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with will / ’ll, won’t.
a) I can’t do this exercise. Don’t worry I _____help b) I’ll ring you tomorrow! I ______ forget.
you
c) A ______ you be able to come to the meeting d) There ______ be heavy rain this evening,
tomorrow? so take your umbrella.
B Yes, I think so
e) I don’t think I ______ finish my homework f) You ______ pass the English exam. You’ve
tonight. studied so much.
g) I ______ walk home. I’ll get a taxi. h) Jim is getting married but it ________ last.
He’s so unreliable.
Present Perfect Simple

1. We use the present perfect to talk about actions or states that happened in the past and are still true
now.
• I’ve finished my shift.
• She’s broken her laptop.
• David has lived in Spain for 20 years.
• Monica has worked with the police since she was 22.

1. Regular past participle verbs end in –ed. However, there are also many irregular verbs that must be
learned by heart. (see page 15 for list of common irregular verbs)

Affirmative Negative
I’ve (I have) I haven’t
You’ve ( You have) You haven’t
He’s/She’s/It’s (He/She/it has) been to Turkey. He/She/It hasn’t lived in China.
We’ve (We have) We haven’t
You’ve (You have) You haven’t
They (They have) They haven’t

Question
Have I
Have you
Has he/she/it lived in China?
Have we
Have you
Have they

Positive short answer Negative short answer

I have I haven’t
you have you haven’t
Yes he/she/it has No he/she/it hasn’t
we have we haven’t
you have you haven’t
they have they haven’t

2. We use the present perfect to talk about past experiences when we don’t say exactly when something
happened.

• I’ve been to Asturias twice. • I’ve worked in a supermarket.

• I’ve lived in Holland. • I haven’t been to China.

3. Note that we often use the present perfect with the word ever in questions and never in negative
statements.
• Have you ever written a book? • I have never been to Bulgaria.
• Have you ever been arrested? • I have never won the lottery.

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Comparing the difference between present perfect and past simple

2. We often begin conversations using the present perfect (asking a general question and then change to
past simple when we ask for specific details like where, when, who with etc).
3. We use the past simple to say exactly when something happened.
Pablo: Have you ever been to Granada?
Fran: Yes, I have.
Pablo: When did you go there?
Fran: I went last year.
Pablo: Did you enjoy yourself?
Fran: Yes, it was fantastic.
Pablo: What did you do?
Fran: I went to the pub every day and got drunk.
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences. Use the verb in brackets in the present perfect or the past
simple.

a) Example: I’ve been (be) a teacher for three b) ________ you ________ (meet) any interesting
years. people at the party last week?
c) How long __________ you __________ (live) in this d) Sarah __________ (move) to Spain last year.
house?
e) My father __________ (not study) languages at f) Harry __________ (work) here for years – he
school. knows everything about the job.
g) I __________ (know) Billy since I was a child. h) I __________ (not see) my brother since last
April.
i) I __________ (speak) to my boss about holidays
yesterday.

Exercise 2: Complete the email. Use the verb in brackets in the present perfect or past simple.
Hi Tim
I’ve just read (just / read) your email. I hope things get easier for you before the weekend. You 1 _________ (be)
really busy this week! 2 _________ (you / book) your holiday yet? In May, I 3 _________ (go) to Australia with my
family again.
We 4 _________ (be) there three times now! But this time, we 5 _________ (not stay) with my aunt in Sydney.
Instead, we 6 _________ (drive) around to different places. Then in July, Helen and I 7 _________ (travel) around
Italy. 8 _________ (you / ever / be) to the Coliseum? It’s a fantastic place.

Write soon!

Sasha

Comparatives/Superlatives adjectives and adverbs

We use comparative adjectives to compare people and things.

Spelling rules
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE
short shorter one syllable; + -er
strong stronger
big bigger one vowel + one consonant: double the final
fat fatter consonant
busy busier consonant + y: change to -ier
heavy heavier
relaxed more relaxed two or more syllables:
beautiful more beautiful more + adjective
good better Irregular adjectives
bad worse
far further

• Madrid is bigger than Valencia. • Gold is more expensive than silver.

• Peter is taller than I am. • English is less difficult to learn than German.
• English is easier than Chinese. • It’s a bit colder today.

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We use comparative adverbs to compare actions.

Regular Adverb Comparative

quickly more/less quickly

Slowly more/less slowly
dangerously more/less dangerously

Irregular Adverb Comparative

hard harder
well better
badly worse

He drives more slowly than me. La Policía Nacional is better than the Guardia Civil. (Irregular adv)
She speaks less quickly than Petra drives worse than John. (Irregular adv)
John.

Verb + (not) as + adjective/adverb + as

We can also use the structure:

I’m not as clever as my brother. Stockholm isn’t as big as Rome.
France didn’t play as well as Italy Jose works as hard as Pablo. (less common in the affirmative)

We use superlatives to say which is the biggest, the smallest, the best etc. in a group.

He’s the best chef in Spain. (irregular) She’s the happiest woman in the world.
He’s the worst footballer in the team. (irregular) The English exam is the least difficult.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

cold colder The coldest
hot hotter The hottest
pretty prettier The prettiest
beautiful more beautiful The most beautiful
difficult less difficult The least difficult
good better The best
bad worse The worst
far further The furthest

We normally use the before superlatives, but we can also use a possessive adjective:
• She’s my best friend. • He’s my greatest enemy.

Note that we often use the superlative with the present perfect.
• Rome is the friendliest city I have ever been to. • It’s the least difficult English exam I’ve ever done.

Exercise 1: Write the comparative or superlative form.

1. I’m the _______________ (happy) person in the world!
2. She’s the _______________ (good) swimmer in the class.
3. It’s _______________ (hot) in Italy than in Norway.
4. Winter is the _______________ (dangerous) time of the year for some animals.
5. This year’s work is _______________ (hard) than last year’s work.
6. I’m _______________ (young) than my sister.
7. Charlie is the _______________ (bad) football player I know.
8. I think the mountains are _______________ (beautiful) than the beach.
9. Sarah works _________ (hard) than Michael. He has too many breaks!
10. Russia is _________ (big) country in the world.

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11. It was _________ (bad) dream I’ve ever had. I was really frightened.
12. Peter is _________ (generous) than Joe – he always pays for the drinks!
13. His trainers were _________ (expensive) than mine. I got mine in the sale.
14. Are trains here ________________ (expensive) as in Britain?
15. You look _____________ (good) with short hair than with long hair!
16. Unfortunately, my new office is just _____________ (tiny) as my last one.
17. That was probably _______________ (bad) beer I’ve ever drunk!
18. Mary speaks _______________ (slowly) than Anna, so she’s easier to understand.

Adjective Order

The order of descriptive words is not completely fixed.

Opinion adjectives e.g. beautiful, nice, lovely, ugly, disgusting etc go before fact adjectives e.g. small, new,
wooden

• Words for size, age, shape and colour usually come next.

• Words for origin and material usually come last.

Size Age Shape/Style Colour/ Origin/ Material Noun

Pattern Nationality
large old white horse
big grey woollen sweater
new Italian boots
small round black leather handbag
enormous brown German glass mug
big new long pink,striped Polish silk scarf

Exercise 2: Put the adjectives in bracket in the correct position.

a) a old house (beautiful) ___________________________________

b) black gloves (leather) __________________________________
c) a little village (old/lovely) ___________________________________
d) an ugly dress (yellow) ___________________________________
e) a big cat (fat/black) ___________________________________
f) an enormous umbrella (red) ___________________________________
g) a metal box (black/small) ___________________________________
h) a new sweater (green/nice) _________________________________

Irregular verbs
There are many irregular verbs that don’t follow the normal rules. Here are the forms of some of the most
common irregular verbs:
3rd person singular 3rd person singular
Verb past participle present participle
present tense past tense

be is was been being

begin begins began begun beginning

bite bites bit bitten biting

break breaks broke broken breaking

buy buys bought bought buying

choose chooses chose chosen choosing

come comes came come coming

dig digs dug dug digging

do does did done doing

drink drinks drank drunk drinking

eat eats ate eaten eating

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 fall falls fell fallen falling

feel feels felt felt feeling

find finds found found finding

get gets got got getting

go goes went gone going

grow grows grew grown growing

have has had had having

hide hides hid hidden hiding

keep keeps kept kept keeping

know knows knew known knowing

lay lays laid laid laying

lead leads led led leading

leave leaves left left leaving

lie lies lay lain lying

lose loses lost lost losing

make makes made made making

meet meets met met meeting

put puts put put putting

read /ri:d/ reads read /red/ read /red/ reading

ride rides rode ridden riding

ring rings rang rung ringing

rise rises rose risen rising

run runs ran run running

say says said said saying

see sees saw seen seeing

sell sells sold sold selling

set sets set set setting

sing sings sang sung singing

sit sits sat sat sitting

stand stands stood stood standing

stick sticks stuck stuck sticking

take takes took taken taking

teach teaches taught taught teaching

think thinks thought thought thinking

wake wakes woke woken waking

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Answers
P1, Exercise 1 P5 Exercise 1
1. ‘re/are 1. was
2. is 2. were
3. are 3. was
4. aren’t/ are not 4. were you
5. is 5. was
6. ‘re/are 6. weren’t
7. are 7. wasn’t
8. It’s 8. was
9. ‘re not/aren’t
10. isn’t/is not P5 Exercise 2
11. isn’t/is not 1) didn’t close
12. Is 2) did/arrive
13. ‘m/am 3) worked
14. isn’t 4) didn’t like
15. ‘s/is 5) studied
16. she 6) Did/watch
17. ‘s/is 7) Did/finish
18. are 8) lived
19. ‘m/am
20. aren’t P6 Exercise 1
1. didn’t
P2, Exercise 2 2. wore
1. don’t have/ do not have 3. ate
2. work 4. left
3. closes 5. went
4. doesn’t like 6. get
5. speak
6. study P6 Ex2
7. drives
8. doesn’t play 1. did you go
2. did you go
p2 Exercise 2 3. happened
a) Do 4. did you do
b) don’t 5. did they say
c) Does 6. found
d) does
e) do P7 Exercise 1
f) Do
a) were playing/started
P3 Exercise 1 b) didn’t go
1. No, it isn’t. It’s barking. c) broke/was skiing
2. No, he isn’t. He’s eating. d) was/wearing
3. No, they aren’t. They’re arguing. e) ate/was sleeping
4. No, he isn’t. He’s reading the newspaper. f) ran
5. No, she isn’t. She’s walking. g) were studying/started
6. No, they aren’t. They’re playing football. h) wasn’t watching
7. No, they aren’t. They’re running. i) wasn’t raining
8. No, she isn’t. She’s crying. j) Did/drive
k) was walking
P4 Exercise 1 l) were/doing
a) ’s/is listening
b) are you doing? /I’m studying. P8 Exercise 1
c) listens
d) questioning 1. ‘s going to be
e) study 2. ‘m going to find
f) takes 3. are going to pay
4. isn’t going to be
P4 exercise 2 5. is going to travel
6. are going to fly
a) listen 7. are going to go
b) go 8. are going to have
c) is studying
d) has P8 Exercise 2
e) is staying
f) is waiting a) are going to cut
b) going to phone
c) both
d) going to travel

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e) am meeting 4. ’ve/have been
f) both 5. didn’t stay
g) is going to 6. drove
h) going to buy 7. travelled
i) both 8. Have you ever been
j) going to do
k) going to snow P12-13 Exercise 1
l) going to enjoy
1. happiest
p 10 Exercise 1 2. best
3. hotter
a) ‘ll 4. the most dangerous
b) won’t 5. harder
c) Will 6. younger
d) will 7. worst
e) ‘ll 8. more beautiful
f) will 9. harder
g) won’t 10. bigger
h) won’t 11. the worst
12. more generous
P 11 Exercise 1 13. more expensive
14. as expensive
a) I’ve/ I have been 15. better
b) Did/meet 16. as tiny
c) have/lived 17. the worst
d) moved 18. more slowly
e) didn’t study
f) has/’s worked P13 Exercise 1
g) I’ve/ I have known
h) didn’t see a) a beautiful old house
i) spoke b) black leather gloves
c) a lovely old little village
P 11 Exercise 2 d) an ugly yellow dress
e) a big fat black cat
1. have/’ve been f) an enormous red umbrella
2. Have you booked g) a small black metal box
3. went h) a nice new green sweater

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