AS TPM 10 QP Merged 1 2
AS TPM 10 QP Merged 1 2
AS TPM 10 QP Merged 1 2
CANDIDATE NAME
Physics : Paper 3
Additional Material : Answer Sheet, Soft clean eraser, Soft pencil (type B or HB s recomended )
How must the wave be changed to maintain the same stationary wave pattern if the applied
frequency is increased to 750 Hz?
2.7 A loudspeaker emitting sound of frequency f is placed at the open end of a pipe of length l which
is closed at the other end. A standing wave is set up in the pipe.
A series of pipes are then set up with either one or two loudspeakers of frequency f. The pairs of
loudspeakers vibrate in phase with each other.
4.16 The sound from a loudspeaker placed above a tube causes resonance of the air in the tube.
A stationary wave is formed with two nodes and two antinodes as shown.
5.23 A musical instrument called a bugle is a long tube with a mouthpiece at one end. The other end is
open and flared, as shown.
A musician maintains stationary sound waves with a node at the mouthpiece and an antinode at
the other end. The lowest frequency of sound that the bugle can produce is 92 Hz.
8.34 A tube of length L is open at both ends. A stationary wave is set up in this tube when a tuning
fork vibrating with frequency fx is held at one end. This is the lowest frequency of stationary
wave that can be formed in this tube.
Another tube of length 2L is closed at one end. A stationary wave is set up in this tube when a
tuning fork vibrating with frequency fy is held at the open end. This is the lowest frequency of
stationary wave that can be formed in this tube.
10.47 A long tube, filled with water, has a tap fitted at its base, as shown.
A tuning fork is sounded above the tube and the water is allowed to run gradually out of the tube.
A louder sound is heard at intervals as the water runs out of the tube. The change in water level
between louder sounds is 32 cm.
What is the wavelength of the sound in the tube?
A 16 cm B 32 cm C 64 cm D 128 cm
11.53 Two wave pulses are travelling towards each other on a long rope. The pulses have the same
amplitude and wavelength and are travelling at a speed of 0.50 ms–1. The diagram shows the rope
at time t ꞊ 0.
The solid curve shows the string at a position of maximum displacement. The dashed curve
shows the other position of maximum displacement. The straight central dashed line shows the
mean position of the string. Point S on the string is directly above point P. Point T on the string is
directly below Q.
13.70 A string is fixed between point P and an oscillator M. Another string is fixed between M and
point Q. M is midway between P and Q.
The frequency of the oscillator is adjusted until a stationary wave is formed on both strings. The
speed of the wave between P and M is twice the speed of the wave between M and Q.
Which diagram could represent the stationary wave pattern?
14.75 A loudspeaker emitting a sound wave of a single frequency is placed a distance L from a
reflecting surface, as shown.
A stationary wave is formed with an antinode at the loudspeaker. A microphone is moved from
the loudspeaker to the reflector.
Before the microphone reaches the reflector, it detects four points where the sound intensity is a
minimum.
What is the wavelength of the sound wave?
15.3 A monochromatic plane wave of speed c and wavelength λ is diffracted at a small aperture.
The diagram illustrates successive wavefronts.
After what time will some portion of the wavefront XY reach point P?
16.7 Monochromatic light of wavelength 690 nm passes through a diffraction grating with 300 lines
per mm, producing a series of maxima on a screen.
17.8 Light of wavelength λ passes through a diffraction grating with slit spacing d. A series of lines is
observed on a screen.
`What is the angle α between the two first order lines?
18.10 White light consists of many wavelengths. The wavelength of red light R is approximately twice
the wavelength of violet light V. When white light is incident normally on a diffraction grating,
several spectra can be formed.
Which diagram shows the possible distributions of light in the first order and the second order
spectra?
19.18 A hill separates a television (TV) transmitter from a house. The transmitter cannot be seen from
the house. However, the house has good TV reception.
By which wave effect at the hill could the TV signal reach the house?
The waves pass through a gap of width x in a barrier so that diffraction occurs.
Which combination of vibration frequency and gap width will produce the smallest angle of
diffraction?
21.35 A beam of light consists of two wavelengths of 436 nm and 654 nm. A diffraction grating of 5.00
× 105 lines m–1 produces a diffraction pattern in which the second order of one of these
wavelengths occurs at the same angle θ as the third order of the other wavelength.
Which diagram could show all the possible directions of the light, after passing through the
grating, that give maximum intensity?
23.46 Water waves of wavelength are incident normally on an obstacle with a narrow gap. The width
of the gap is equal to . The waves from the gap emerge over an angle as shown.
After emerging from the other side of the slit, the diffracted light then falls on a screen.
What is the pattern of light seen on the screen?
27.71 A beam of red laser light of wavelength 633 nm is incident normally on a diffraction grating with
600 lines per mm.
The beam of red light is now replaced by a beam of blue laser light of wavelength 445 nm. A
replacement diffraction grating is used so that the first-order maximum of the blue light appears
at the same position on the screen as the first-order maximum of the red light from the original
laser.
How many lines per mm are there in the replacement diffraction grating?
Which gap width and which wavelength will cause the largest decrease in the amount of
diffraction?
29.4 The diagram shows an experiment which has been set up to demonstrate two-source interference.
Microwaves of wavelength λ pass through two slits S1and S2.
The detector is moved from point O in the direction of the arrow. The signal detected decreases
until the detector reaches point X, and then starts to increase again as the detector moves beyond
X.
Which equation correctly determines the position of X?
30.7 Wave generators at points X and Y produce water waves of the same wavelength. At point Z, the
waves from X have the same amplitude as the waves from Y. Distances XZ and YZ are as shown.
When the wave generators operate in phase, the amplitude of oscillation at Z is zero.
What could be the wavelength of the waves?
31.12 A student sets up an experiment to investigate double-slit interference of light but finds that the
interference fringes observed on the screen are too close to each other to be distinguished.
32.19 A pattern of interference fringes is produced using a red laser, a double slit and a screen. The
screen is 3.5 m from the double slit. The light from the laser has a wavelength of 640 nm.
The pattern of fringes is shown.
33.21 Coherent waves are produced at P and at Q and travel outwards in all directions. The line RS is
half-way between P and Q and perpendicular to the line joining P and Q. The distance RS is
much greater than the distance PQ.
35.28 The diagram shows two sources of waves S1 and S2. The sources oscillate with a phase
difference of 180°.
The sources each generate a wave of wavelength 2.0 cm. Each source produces a wave that has
amplitude x0 when it reaches point P.
What is the amplitude of the oscillation at P? 9702/11/M/J/18
36.36 Two identical loudspeakers are connected in series to an a.c. supply, as shown.
38.50 A double-slit interference pattern using red light of wavelength 7.0 10–7 m has a fringe spacing
of 3.5 mm.
Which fringe spacing would be observed for the same arrangement of apparatus but using blue
light of wavelength 4.5 10–7 m?
A 2.3 mm B 3.5 mm C 5.4 mm D 9.0 mm
39.57 Two loudspeakers X and Y emit sound waves that are in phase and of wavelength 0.75 m.
An observer O is able to stand anywhere on a straight line that passes through X and Y, as shown.
The observer stands at a point where the sound waves from X and Y meet in phase.
Fig. 6.1
The tube has length L. The frequency of the signal generator is adjusted so that the loudspeaker
produces a progressive wave of frequency 440 Hz. A stationary wave is formed in the tube. A
representation of this stationary wave is shown in Fig. 6.1.Two points P and Q on the stationary
wave are labelled.
(a) (i) Describe, in terms of energy transfer, the difference between a progressive wave and a
stationary wave.
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(b) On Fig. 6.1 label, with the letter N, the nodes of the stationary wave . [1]
(c) State the phase difference between points P and Q on the stationary wave.
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The diffraction pattern formed on the screen has white light, called zero order, and coloured
spectra in other orders.
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2. the difference in position of red and blue light in the first-order spectrum.
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(iii) Calculate the wavelength of another part of the visible spectrum that gives a maximum for a
different order at the same angle as in (ii).
3.23 (a) Interference fringes may be observed using a light-emitting laser to illuminate a double slit.
The double slit acts as two sources of light.
Explain
(i) the part played by diffraction in the production of the fringes,
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(ii) the reason why a double slit is used rather than two separate sources of light.
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(b) A laser emitting light of a single wavelength is used to illuminate slits S1 and S2, as shown in
Fig. 6.1.
An interference pattern is observed on the screen AB. The separation of the slits is 0.48mm.
The slits are 2.4m from AB. The distance on the screen across 16 fringes is 36mm, as illustrated
in Fig. 6.2.
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(ii) State and explain the effect on the answer to (c)(i) if the apparatus is changed so that,
separately,
1. the phase difference between the waves at D1 and at D2 is 180°,
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2. the intensity of the wave from D1 is less than the intensity of that from D2.
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[Total: 10]
4.27 (a) State the conditions required for the formation of a stationary wave.
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Fig. 4.1
In air, the sound wave has a speed of 330 m s–1 and a wavelength of 0.18 m.
(i) Calculate the frequency of the sound wave.
A tap at the bottom of the tube is opened so that liquid drains out at a constant rate. The
wavelength of the sound from the loudspeaker is 0.18 m. The sound that is heard first becomes
much louder when the liquid surface reaches level A. The next time that the sound becomes much
louder is when the liquid surface reaches level B, as shown in Fig. 4.3.
(ii) On Fig. 4.3, label with the letter N the positions of the nodes of the stationary wave that
is formed in the air column when the liquid surface is at level B. [1]
(iii) The mass of liquid leaving the tube per unit time is 6.7 g s–1. The tube has an internal
cross-sectional area of 13 cm2. The density of the liquid is 0.79 g cm –3.
Calculate the time taken for the liquid to move from level A to level B.
The lines in the diagram represent crests. The waves have a wavelength of 6.0cm.
(a) One condition that is required for an observable interference pattern is that the waves must be
coherent.
(i) Describe how the apparatus is arranged to ensure that the waves from the dippers are coherent.
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(ii) State one other condition that must be satisfied by the waves in order for the interference
pattern to be observable.
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(b) Light from a lamp above the ripple tank shines through the water onto a screen below the
tank. Describe one way of seeing the illuminated pattern more clearly.
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(c) The speed of the waves is 0.40ms–1. Calculate the period of the waves.
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(b) A cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) is used to analyse a sound wave. The screen of the CRO is
shown in Fig. 5.1.
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(ii) Explain why an intensity maximum is detected at point C.
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(iii) Determine the difference between the times taken for the sound to travel from the source to
point C along the two different paths.