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    Chapter 1

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    Reservoir engineering involves estimating the original oil in place, calculating the recovery factor based on the drive mechanism, and attaching a time scale to production. It aims to predict reservoir behavior under different production methods to maximize profit by recommending operating plans based on economic analysis of recovery potential over time under various scenarios. The reservoir engineer's goal is the recovery that results in the highest net income from the reservoir.

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    Chapter 1

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    Reservoir engineering involves estimating the original oil in place, calculating the recovery factor based on the drive mechanism, and attaching a time scale to production. It aims to predict reservoir behavior under different production methods to maximize profit by recommending operating plans based on economic analysis of recovery potential over time under various scenarios. The reservoir engineer's goal is the recovery that results in the highest net income from the reservoir.

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    Reservoir engineering involves estimating the original oil in place, calculating the recovery factor based on the drive mechanism, and attaching a time scale to production. It aims to predict reservoir behavior under different production methods to maximize profit by recommending operating plans based on economic analysis of recovery potential over time under various scenarios. The reservoir engineer's goal is the recovery that results in the highest net income from the reservoir.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    7 views10 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    gorkemerkanli
    Reservoir engineering involves estimating the original oil in place, calculating the recovery factor based on the drive mechanism, and attaching a time scale to production. It aims to predict reservoir behavior under different production methods to maximize profit by recommending operating plans based on economic analysis of recovery potential over time under various scenarios. The reservoir engineer's goal is the recovery that results in the highest net income from the reservoir.

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    of 10

    PETE 343

    PETROLEUM RESERVOIR
    ENGINEERING - I
    INTRODUCTION

    Mahmut PARLAKTUNA – Çağlar Sınayuç


    Middle East Technical University
    Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Department
    mahmut@metu.edu.tr
    caglars@metu.edu.tr

    Fall 2023 – 2024 Chapter-1


    WHAT IS RESERVOIR ENGINEERING?
    Reservoir engineering may be defined as the art of "FORECASTING THE FUTURE
    PERFORMANCE OF A GEOLOGIC OIL AND/OR GAS RESERVOIR FROM WHICH
    PRODUCTION IS OBTAINED ACCORDING TO PROBABLE AND PREASSUMED
    CONDITIONS", S.J.Pirson
    Reservoir engineering is that "PHASE OF ENGINEERING WHICH DEALS WITH THE
    TRANSFER OF FLUIDS TO, FROM, OR WITHIN NATURAL UNDERGROUND
    RESERVOIRS. RESERVOIR ENGINEERING IS THE CORE OF PETROLEUM
    ENGINEERING", J.C.Calhoun, Jr.
    The reservoir engineer is, of course, concerned with "THE PRODUCTION OF OIL
    AND GAS FROM THE RESERVOIR AND PRIMARILY WITH THE METHODS OF
    STIMULATING OR INCREASING THE RECOVERY FROM THE RESERVOIR AS A
    WHOLE", Amyx, Bass, and Whiting

    •Pirson, S.J., (1958) Elements of Oil Reservoir Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
    •Calhoun, J.C., (1960) Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
    •Amyx, J.W., Bass, D.M.Jr., Whiting, R.L., (1960) Petroleum Reservoir Engineering-Physical Properties, McGraw-Hill Book
    Company, New York.

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 2


    WHAT IS RESERVOIR ENGINEERING?

    Reservoir engineering is that "SEGMENT OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERING WHICH IS


    CONCERNED PRIMARILY WITH THE RESERVOIRS. THE PRINCIPLE FUNCTION OF A
    RESERVOIR ENGINEER IS TO PREDICT THE FURTHER BEHAVIOR OF A PETROLEUM
    RESERVOIR UNDER THE VARIOUS PRODUCING MECHANISMS WHICH ARE, OR MAY
    BECOME, AVAILABLE", Cole

    In the process of illustrating the primary functions of a reservoir engineer, namely


    "THE ESTIMATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN PLACE, THE CALCULATION OF A
    RECOVERY FACTOR AND THE ATTACHMENT OF A TIME SCALE TO THE RECOVERY",
    L.P.Dake

    •Cole, F.W., (1961) Reservoir Engineering Manual, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas.
    •Dake,L.P., (1978) Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam.

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 3


    Using the definition of reservoir engineering made by L.P.
    Dake, reservoir engineering:

    Estimates the original oil in place

    Estimates recovery factor

    Attaches a time scale to recovery

    •Dake,L.P., (1978) Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam.

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 4


    ORIGINAL OIL IN PLACE

    OOIP = Vb (1 - Swc)

    OOIP = original oil in place,


     = porosity, fraction
    Swc = connate water saturation, fraction
    Vb = bulk volume of the reservoir,

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 5


    RECOVERY FACTOR
    (Amount of hydrocarbon produced)
    rOOIP (%) =  100
    OOIP
    OOIP  (1 - Swc)

    (Amount of hydrocarbon produced)


    rROIP (%) =  100
    ROIP

    ROIP  (1 - Swc - Sor)


    r = recovery factor, %
    ROIP = recoverable oil in place,
    Sor = residual oil saturation, fraction

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 6


    RECOVERY FACTOR
    The recovery mechanism affects Sor.
    During depletion periods drive mechanisms are gas cap
    pressure and water table rising.
    Above bubble point pressure the drive mechanism is due to
    the expansion of reservoir fluids and rock itself
    (compressibility), below bubble point pressure gas comes out
    the solution and expansion of gas creates required energy.
    This is called as solution gas drive mechanism. In water table
    rising, the mechanism may be the expansion of water due to
    the compressibility of water. It is called as a water drive
    reservoir. The most efficient drive mechanism is the gravity
    drainage, which is due to the density differences, but it is very
    slow.

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 7


    RECOVERY FACTOR

    Drive mechanism Efficiency (%)


    Solution gas drive 20
    Water drive 40 - 60
    Gas cap drive 40 - 60
    Gravity drainage 75

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 8


    TIME SCALE TO RECOVERY
    Pressure versus time relationship must be estimated.

    Pressure in well changes with production.

    To estimate the pressure in reservoir, the reservoir has to be modeled.

    Modeling means to write the events in the reservoir in a mathematical way.

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 9


    TIME SCALE TO RECOVERY
    The economics of various operating plans is an integral part of any
    reservoir engineering study.
    A study of the recovery to be expected from various operating plans along
    with an economic analysis of these plans, will determine the need for
    pressure maintenance, secondary recovery, cyclic or other operations.
    From his/her studies, the reservoir engineer must recommend an operating
    plan, which will yield the maximum net income, usually expressed in
    terms of worth.
    Since the oil company is in business to make a profit on its investments,
    the usual objective in oil-producing operations is the realization of the
    maximum profit, and not necessarily the maximum recovery of oil from a
    reservoir.
    Fortunately, maximum recovery of oil from a reservoir will usually result
    in maximum profit.

    Parlaktuna & Sınayuç PETE 343 Fall 2023 – 2024 10

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