English For Business 1
English For Business 1
English For Business 1
WHAT IS BUSINESS?
B. WRITING
Task 1
The following extract is from A.E.L.’s finansial adviser’s Report on Sona
electronics, a company A.E.L. has been Considering taking over. Choose the
correct word from the list below to fill in the blanks.
Task 2
Match each of the word in the left with that in the right list to produce
meaningful phrases
1. Organizational a. Authority 1.
2. Formal b. hierarchy 2.
3. Classifying c.types 3.
4. Relationship d. objectives 4.
5. Authority e. network 5.
6. Staff f. environment 6.
7. Personal g. activities 7.
8. Social h. organization 8.
9. Work i. sructure 9.
10. Organization j. relationship 10.
B. Pronoun
Higher
Status
A younger person is
Introduced to an older
person.
Task 1
Work with 2 classmates. One of you is speaker A, the other two are speaker
B and speaker C. Speaker A introduces speaker B to speaker C. Use your
real name.
POSITIONS DEPARTMENTS
Manager of Sales International Sales Department
Assistant Manager Personnel Department
Administrative Assistant Shipping Department
Task 2
Fill in the blank with suitable pronoun
1. Where are you?...........................am in canteen
2. Reinata is Billy’s sister . ........................age is 16
3. Mario has a great holiday. .... enjoy..................
4. Cindy has a cat. She feed ..............twice a day
5. It is not Shanti’s mistake. You can’t blame................
Task 3
Make six sentences from these phrases. Use my, your, his, her, our, their
Company has five factories is this what’s
Phone number job? Home in West Java
Office is in Paris address is Jl. Maghony 24, Palembang
1. ......................................................? He is an engineer
2. She works in France. ....................................................
3. I live in the town centre. ................................................
Task 4
Put the appropriate pronouns on the blank space
C. SPEAKING
Task 1
Task 2
DOING A ROLE-PLAY :Make a dialog with your friend, by talking about
your identity
A. READING COMPREHENSION
Read the text carefully
Economics is the study of how a society hooses to use scarce resourcs to
produce goods and sevices and to distribute them to people for consumption. A
nation’s resources consist of natural, capital, and labour resources.
Natural resources are provided by nature in limited amouts; they include
crude oil, natural gas, mineral, timbe, and water. Natural resources must be
processed to become a product or to be used to produce other goods and sevices.
For example, trees must be processed into lumber before they can be used to build
homes, shopping malls, and hospitas.
Capital resources are goods produced for the purpose of making other
types of goods and sevices. Some capital resource area calles current assets. They
have a shors lifr and are used up in the production process. These resources
include fuel, raw materials, paper, and money. Long-lived capital resources,
which can be used repeatedly in the production process, are called fixed capital.
Examples include factory building, machinery, and means of transportation.
Labour resources represent the human talent. To have value in the human
talent and labour force, individuals must be trained to perform either skilled or
semiskilled work. For example, the job of a manager requires extensive training,
whereas only minimal training is needed to operate a sevices station’s gas pump.
Resource Allocation
The process of choosing how resources will be used to meet people’s need and
wants is called allocation. All countries face the economic problem of limited
resources and unlimited, we must make choices about how to use these scarce
resaources. We have a basic for choosing the way of using and allocating the
resource to satisfy our wants and needs.
The allocation involves the distribution of goods and services to consumer.
Allocation also involves an exchange (e.g. money, goods, time, service) between a
business and a consumer. The business earn a profit and the consumer is satisfied
with the good or service. The exchange provides mutual benefit.
Task 1
Answer to the following question in complete sentences.
1. What is economics?
2. What do a nation resources consist of?
3. What do natural resources include?
4. What do people do to natural resources in preparing them for use?
5. What are capital resources?
6. What are current assets?
7. What are fixed assets?
B.WRITING
Task 1
LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. The personality of person
Aggressive moody talkative amusing
Polite thoughtful calm reliable
Wise cheerful reserved friendly
Sociable lively sophisticated stand alone
B. Question forms:
1. W and H questions are question that require an explanation.
2. Yes – No question are question that only require a” yes” or “no answer.
3. Statement questions
1.
2.
3.
Task2
the information he/she gives you. Write down the question you’d ask this
Imagine that you’re talking to someone who talk rather unclearly, and that
you can’t catcth some of person to find out the missing (~~~~) information
Task 3
Complete each sentences with a suitable question tag.
D. SPEAKING
Make some questions based on the pattern given then give to your friend to
answer them
CHAPTER 3
MANAGER AND ORGANIZATION
A. READING COMPREHENSION
Read the text carefully
An effective manager is an effective leader. He creates positive work
environment. In the environment the organization and its employees have the
opportunity and challenge to achieve a high performance. Managers should be
leaders. They take the intiative and become active participants in the activities
performed by their employees and other operation. Successful managers create a
situation that encourages high performance and removes the cause of failure.
These managers ensure that employees understand their jobs and have their jobs
and have the resources necessary jobs and motivate the employees with
appropriate incentives.
An organization is a managed system designed and operated to achieve
specific set of objectives. This system procces human, financial, and informational
resource into outputs. These outputs are goods and services. External environment
demands both outputs.
Task 1
Give your complete answer to the following questions
1. Why a positive work environment must be created?
2. What do managers do to achieve the targets of their company?
3. What is an organization?
4. What are the output of an organization?
5. What must managers carry out to achieve the organization’s objectives?
6. What is planning?
B. WRITING
Task 1
Complete this sentences use the word below
Task Complexity Staff
Specialists Relationships Authority
LANGUAGE FOCUS
a. Apologising
Apologizing Responding
(+ reason)
I’m afraid I missed the bus. _ I don’t believe you
Sorry, but I didn’t hear my Don’t let it happen
alarm clock. again.
I lost my keys.
When speaking:
To emphasise how sorry you are, use an adverb + so + sorry. I’m
terribly/so sorry.
To show how it makes you feel, use feel + adjective: I feel terrible
about the mess!
Reply with No, really. It’s fine when someone apologises again:
A: I’m so sorry.
B: Don’t worry about it.
A: But I feel
Terrible ... B: No, really. It’s fine.
Task 1
Rewrite the following sentences using ordinal number
Example: It is book 1 ~~~~ It is the first book
1. Where is classroom 4? _______________________________
2. We are going to past building 5._____________________________
3. They are on level 7. ______________________________________
4. She is listening to song number 2. ___________________________
5. Tomorrow is day 13 for us. _________________________________
Task 2
Imagine the building around you and try to describe it
C.SPEAKING
With your partner, act out the role below, use the expression above
CHAPTER 4
WHAT IS AN ORGANISATION?
A. READING COMPREHENSION
Read this text carefully
An organization is a group of two or more people that exists and operate to
achieve clearly objectives. A business is an organization created to provide a
product that consists of goods and services to customers for profit. To reach the
objectives it is necessary to establish a framework is known as a formal
organizational structure.
The formal organization is developed thought a series of organizing steps.
These steps consist of considering the objective and plans, determining activities
necessary to achieve project, classifying and grouping activities, and designing a
hierarchy of relationships. The result of this process is a formal organizational
structure.
Once the organization is developed, there are organizational concepts to be
applied by managers to assist the organization concept to be applied by managers
to assist the organization in achieving its objectives. These concepts include:
Task 1
Give your complete answer to the following questions.
1. What is an organization?
2. What is business?
3. What are the objectives of a business?
4. How is an organization to reach its objectives?
5. What do you call the operating framework?
6. What do the organizing steps consist of?
7. How many types of formal organization structures developed in managers?
8. How many types of formal organization structure developed by managers?
What are they?
9. What is the informal organization?
10.Why do managers need to recognize and work with the informal organization?
B. WRITING
Task 1
Task 2
Fill the gaps so that the second sentence in each pair has similar meaning to
the first.
Task 3
Match the pairs of sentences with similar meanings from the right
1. A lot of companies sell the same a. You can get a small discount
Product as us. b. We have lots of goods in our
2. Lots of people want to buy this. warehouse
3. You can buy this product a bit c. We have a lots of competitors
LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. CALCULATION
Plus, minus, times/multiple, devided by, equal
Task 1
Read this dialog then answer the question
Vicky : Reitha, do you have something to do for today?
Reitha : No, I’m free now
Vicky : Can you go shopping with me, please?
Reitha : Sure, Where are we going to shopping?
Vicky : We are going to Gramedia Book store, I would like to buy two
economic books, an English dictionary, and I also want to buy some
Task 2
1. I have ................. big lugage to bring all my clothes so I must left them
2. There are................suitcases to save my document
3. Are there .................window seats?
C. SPEAKING
Look at this clue below and write what they say with complete sentences
Shoes .........? ?
A. READING COMPREHENSION
When you start a business, you have many decisions to make. The first is
the form of organisation best suited to the needs of your business.
Most business start as sole proprietorships. Many of them become partner-
ships of corporations as they expand. You are probably familiar with sole
proprietorships, businesses that are established, owned, operated, and often
financed by a single person.
Sole proprietorships have several advantages that make them popular. They
are ease and low cost of setting up, all profit go to the owner, control of the
business can be performed directly, and free from government regulation.
Another major form of business organization is the partnership. It is an
association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for
profit.Some advantages of partnership come quickly to mind. When you have a
partner, you are not tied to the business as you would be in a sole proprietorship.
Task 1
Give your complete answer to the following questions
1. What do people do when they start a business?
2. What is a sole proprietorship?
3. What are the advantages of sole proprietorships that make them
popular?
4. What are differences of sole proprietorships from partnership?
5. What are the advantages of partnership?
6. What are the four types of corporate ownership?
7. What are the differences of co-operative from a corporation?
8. What type of business is suitable for handling a special project?
9. What are the reasons of establishing a joint venture?
10. What do people do with the LLC ?
LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
We can classify expressions of indefinite frequency on a scale from ‘always’ to
‘never’, where ‘always’ = 100 per cent and ‘never’ = 0 per cent. These numbers
are only a general indication, not exact values.
100% always
95% nearly always/almost always
90% usually/normally/generally/regularly
75% often/frequently
50% sometimes
40% occasionally
25% rarely/seldom
10% hardly ever/scarcely ever
Note
Hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quartely, yearly are both adjectives and
adverbs; annualy is only an adverb (adjective = annual).
We review the figures monthly. (adverb)
We have a monthly review of the figures. (adjective)
2.
WORD PART
or- a person or thing that does a certain action
Sally operates a computer.
Sally is a computer operator.
- ist a person who is trained or skilled in an area
Paula can type very well
Paula is a good typist
NEGATIVE PREFIX
A. There are many different ways of forming negative words by adding
frefix
Task 1
Two sales representatives meet in a hotel. They have very different ways of
doing business. Comple the conversation using frequency expressions from
the box so that Kerry always has quite the opposite way of doing things.
Task 3
Complete these columns by foming the negatives of each of the
words in this list.
Task 6
Write new words. Use the new word parts that you learned.
1. ______________ a person who acts in a movie.
2. ______________ a person who conducts an orchestra or musical
group.
Task 7
Match the pairs to make jobs and workplaces.
a. reception- el f. engin- ice
b. account- house g. ware- eer
c. sh- ist h. off- ant
d. technic- op i. manag- ian
e. fact- er j. hot- ory
Workplaces Jobs
D. SPEAKING
Make a dialog with your friend, imagine you are doing a business. Talk about
what business it is, How’s business running: (well/badly), made a profit/loss,
improve/ get worse
A. READING COMPREHENSION
Read this text carefully
Many people confuse the terms of production, operations, and
manufacturing. Production is a business activity that uses people and machinery to
convert materials and parts into saleable products. This process might involve the
work, ideas, and plans of the design engineers. Two types two types of companies
engage in this activity. The first is a processing company. It is a firm that converts
natural resources into raw materials. The second type is a manufacturing
company. It is a firm that converts raw materials into customer and industrial
Productivity studies
The rate at which goods and services are created is called productivity. In
a healthy economy, productivity must be high and also steadily increasing. One
common measure of productivity, labour productivity, is expressed in money of
output per hour worked. Another important factor important in output is
technology and how it is being used by employess. Labour and technology
combined generate the outputs that are priced and sold to consumers.
Mangers must estimate each worker’s productivity during a work period to
employ enough workers to produce a certain quantity of units on schedule.
Productivity estimates also ate used in drawing up a budget for labour costs based
Task 1
Give your complete answer to the following question
1. What is production?
2. What are the two types of companies engage in the production
activites?
3. What is the difference of a processing company from a manufacturing
company?
4. What do you call the business activities that refers to the physical
process of producing goods ?
5. What do you call the function needed to carry out a strategic plan to
keep the company producing?
6. What are the job of a production and operation manager?
7. What is productivity ?
8. What must managers do to employ enough workers t produce a certain
quantity of units on schedule?
9. What is a motion study ?
10. What s a time study ?
LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Active Intruction
Positive Instruction
Remove ‘dead files’ to keep the paperwork under control,
B. Passive Instruction
Let the door be opened
Let him be punished
Task 1
Use the right word in the box to fill in the blank
Task 2
Look at this ficture then make an instruction based on it
A B
C D
C. SPEAKING
Find out a process production of a product then tell it to the class
A. READING COMPREHENSION
Read this text carefully
A product is a good, service, or idea imcluding all the tangibles and
intangibles provided in an exchange between a buyer and a seller. People buy a
product for the benefits and satisfaction it gives. A product can be a good (like a
car) or a service (like your checking account at the bank). Sometimes a product is
a blend of the both. Dinner at a restaurant, for example, consists not only for
tangible items—food and beverages—but also preparation, service, and the appeal
of dining in that special setting.
Task 1
Give your complete answer to the following questions
1. What is a product?
2. Why do people buy a product?
3. What do products consist of?
4. What is a consumer product?
5. What are convenience products?
6. What is a shopping products include?
7. What do shopping products include?
8. What is product line?
9. What are speciality products?
10. What is product mix ?
11. What is price?
12. What is price competition?
13. What is non-price competition ?
14. What is a brand?
15. What is trademark?
LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. CONJUCTION
1. For, During, Before, After, Until
A. For is used with noun phrases which denote a quantity of time
such as an hour, two hours, eight weeks, a long time.
For answer the question ‘how long?’
B. DEGREE COMPARISION
Comparison of objects:
a. To compare two objects:
Our prices are lower than theirs.
b. To compare more than two objects:
Our prices are the lowest. (of all the prices)
c. To compare an object and a definite standard:
Our quality is already high, but we must make it still higher.
d. To show that one comparison depends on another. We can
use the + comparative adjective:
The faster we can improve quality, the more profitable we will become.
(i.e. if we can improve quality, we will become more profitable)
2. Modification of comparison. We can use an adverb before a
comparative adjective to indicate the degree of comparison.
Task 1
Complete the sentneces. Use before / during / after + the best ending
Task 2
Make some sentences include of for, during, until, before, after
Task 3
Read the two description of Ben and Liz. Make sentences which explain of them
Example : Ben is older than Liz
BEN LIZ
I’m 22 years old I’m 20 years old
I’m not very good swimmer I’m very good swimmer
I’m 1 meter 68 tall I’m 1 meter 62 tall
I start work at 8 o’clock I start work at 8.30
I work very hard I don’t work very hard
I’m very intelligent I’m not very intelligent
I’m good driver I’m not good driver
I don’t go to movies very much I go to the movies a lot
Task 4
Make five sentences. Use phrases from each box
C. SPEAKING
With your partner, act out the role below
Student A Student B
You are a salesperson. Tell Student Call student A about a new product.
B the price of a product, include: Ask about the pricing. Make up a
Basic price piece of furniture you woud like
Price including tax
Any extra fees
A. Reading Comprehension
Read the text carefully
The American Marketing Association defines marketing as the process of
planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of
ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and
organisational objectives.
Marketing activities are required for many different kinds of products.
Product is not only tangible goods---those that can be held or touched---, but also
can be intangible service --- those that cannot be held or touched --- such as health
care service.
Ultimately the purpose of marketing activities is to bring about exchanges.
Exchange is the process by which parties provide something of value to one
another to satisfy the needs of each. Through activities that enables exchanges, to
take place, marketing adds value to products. this value is known as utility, the
ability of a product to satisfy a consumer need, there are four types of utility :
form, time, place, and possession.
Marketing directly creates three types of utility. By making products
available when consumers want and need them, marketing creates time utility.
Publishing company print and distribute morning newspaper early so readers can
read them at breakfast or while commuting to work.
Making products available where consumers need or want to obtain them
creates place utility when the ownership of a product is transferred from seller to
buyer. To obtain newspapers, customers pay the publishing company for home
delivery, or pay clerks in stores.
Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the
lives of all members of society. Through the cost of what we purchase, each of us
supports the costs of marketing. Most people would agree that marketing costs are
worth it because the many and varied marketing activities enable us to satisfy our
Task 1
Answer the following question
1. What is the definition of marketing?
2. What is the purpose of marketing activities?
3. What is an exchange?
4. What is utility ?
5. What are the four types of utility ?
6. What utility is created by making products available when consumers
want and need them?
7. What utility is created by making products available where
consumers need to obtain them?
8. What utility is created when the ownership of product is transferred
from seller to buyer?
B. WRITING
Task 1
Replace each word or phrase underlined with a word or phrase from the
list which has the opposite meaning:
cash generous profit save well off purchase
worthless expensive poverty take out
Task 2
Find the correct meaning of this words from the text
1. it is required for many different kinds of product
...........................................
2. The ability of a product to satisfy a consumer need
...........................................
LANGUAGE FOCUS
A.
1. Very is a degree adverb; it intensifies the meaning of an adjective or adverb:
This machine can provide a very fast response.
We can respond to orders very quickly.
2. The advervs too and enough have related meanings. Too means “more than
enough” Or “more than acceptable”:
Our present office is too big. (i.e. it is not acceptable)
Too small means ‘too small for us to work in’: not big enough means ‘not big
enough for us to work in’: therefore too and enough function by reference to a
level, a person and an activity:
Level person activity
This office is too small for us to work in
Often we do not mention the person and the activity because they are abvious
From the context:
Your prices are too high. (for us to buy)
B. REQUESTING
Requests usually use yes-no questions of “will”,”can”,”would”,and “do”. Look
at the example below.
Can you open the door for me? Sure
Could you ask.....to......for me? Certainly
Could you...............,please? I won’t be able to... because..
Do you think you could......? I sorry but.........
Would you mind........-ing....? I’m afraid that’s not possible, because......
I’d like you to......please. I’d like to but.....
Task 2
Imagine you are on the telephone, discussing computing and word processing
problems with you creatife software user service centre. You have heard that
there is something called fragmentation. Use the frompt below to request
either information or action. Your question should be appropriate for the
given answer
C.SPEAKING
Make a list of seven products (goods and services) that are produced or
provided in your city or region, then report it to your class
A. Reading Comprehension
Read the text carefully
Promotion is marketing activity that stimulates demand for a firm’s
products. Marketers promote everything from needle to aircraft. Once the product
has been created, promotion is often used to competition.
Promotional strategy is the plan for informing, persuading, or reminding
the target market about a product. The goal is to stimulate action. In a profit-
oriented firm, the desired action is for the consumer to buy the promoted item.
The combination of advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, and
publicity used to promote a product is called the promotional mix.
Advertising is any nonpersonal message paid for by an identifiable
sponsor for the purpose of promoting products. Companies use two types of
advertising: product advertising and institutional advertising. Product advertising,
is advertising intended to promote demand for a product or service such as
Pepsodent toothpaste. Institutional advertising is advertising done to enhance a
company’s public image rather than to sell a product.
The second element of the promotional mix is personal selling. It is a
face-to face attempt to persude prospective customers to buy a given product.
Personal selling provides the company with the opportunity (1) to give customers
individuals attention, (2) to adapt a message to the customer, (3) to focus on a
specific target market, (4) to receive immediate feedback, and (5) to provide the
opportunity to close the sale.
The third element of the promotional mix is sales promotion. It is the
marketing activities, other than personal selling and advertising that stimulate
Task 1
Give yout complete answer to the following questions
1. What is promotion?
2. What is promotional strategy?
3. What is promotional mix?
4. Name the promotional mix elements?
5. What is advertising?
6. What are the two types of advertising used by companies?
7. What is product advertising?
8. What is institutional advertising?
9. What is personal selling?
10. What is sales promotion?
11. What is publicity?
12. Name the elements of promotional strategy!
13. What is push strategy?
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Preposition of place
In, on, at, under, below, next to, between, among, in front of, in the back of,
behind, above, over, inside, outside, against, through, around, up, down,
across, into, out to, right side, left side, straight, top, middle, bottom, along,
intersection, near, there, here, far, forward, before, after, from, to
B. WRITING
Task 1
Look at the picture then write the position of that place (number 1 – 12)
D. WRITING
Task 1
Fill in the gab with the word in the box
C. SPEAKING
Task 1
What are the differences of these methods?
brochures catalogue leaflets packaging direct mail showrooms
point of sale displays stands at trade fairs and exhibition word of mouth
Target customers
The USP of the product: its features and benefits
How the ad works in terms of the four stages of ‘AIDA’
How the style would have to be changed for other markets