Lab 5 - Vanisha Eziwani Juwahir

FACULTY OF TROPICAL FORESTRY
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH
PRACTICAL 5 : RESPIRATION IN PLANTS CELL
NAME VANISHA EZIWANI BT JUWAHIR
MATRICS NO. BF22110018
PROGRAMME HG23
LECTURER NAME DR. RHEMA D. MARIPA
PRACTICAL DATE 20 JUNE 2023

INTRODUCTION
Plants are like animals that need oxygen to survive. The process of respiration in plants
involves using the sugars produced during photosynthesis plus oxygen to produce energy for
plant growth ( Jose, 2023).
Besides, the use of respiration is to maintain constant conditions in the body and cells.
Respiration is the process of exchanging oxygen to carbon dioxide. During respiration, the
energy is released and is called a catabolic process. Not like photosynthesis, which involves a
significant amount of exchange of gasses between different plant parts, during respiration
(Housing News Desk, 2023).
In respiration there are two types of respiration which are aerobic and anaerobic
respiration in plants. For aerobic respiration, This type of respiration occurs in the mitochondria
of all eukaryotic entities. Food molecules are completely oxidized into carbon dioxide, water, and
energy is released in the presence of oxygen. This type of respiration is observed in all higher
organisms and requires atmospheric oxygen.
Next, The anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic entities which are yeast
and bacteria. Here, less energy is released due to incomplete oxidation of food in the absence
of oxygen. Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are produced during anaerobic respiration.
+
Fermentation occurs when no oxygen is available. As NADH recycled to 𝑁𝐴𝐷 .
Fermentation naturally breaks down glucose into ATP. Respiration is essential for the growth and
maintenance of all plant tissues, and plays an important role in the carbon balance of individual
cells, whole plants and ecosystems, as well as in the global carbon cycle (Miquel et al , 2004).
In this practical there are three focuses such as to understand the reaction that takes
place in respiration, to prove that carbon dioxide is produced during anaerobic respiration and
to prove that alcohol is a byproduct of fermentation.
OBJECTIVES
1. To understand on the reaction take place in reaction

2. To prove that carbon dioxide is produced during anaerobic respiration
3. To prove that alcohol is a byproduct of fermentation.
MATERIALS
1. Large test tube with lid

2. Delivery tubes
3. Parafilm
4. Clamp stand
5. Dried yeast powder
6. Glucose
7. Lime water
8. Paraffin liquid
9. Cooking oils
10. 25 ml and 50 beakers
11. Stirring rod
12. Spatula
13. Scale
14. Hot and cold water
15. Vaseline
16. Diluted hydrochloric acid
METHODOLOGY
Firstly, 5% sucrose was prepared by dissolving 1.25g in 25 ml distilled water in 50 ml beakers.

Secondly, 10% yeast was prepared by adding 1 g of yeast to 10 ml distilled water in a 25 ml
beaker and stir well. Thirdly, the 10 ml yeast has been added to the 25 ml sucrose solution.
Then, a little bit of cooking oil was added on the wall of the test tube and allowed the liquid to
cover the top surface of the solution. Anaerobic conditions were created to the solution. Next,
the tube was closed with the lid attached to the delivery tube and sealed with parafilm. Then,
secure test tubes with clamp stands and connect the other end into a smaller tube containing
lime water. Ensure the end of the delivery tube is immersed into lime water and the test tube
has been left for 30 minutes. At the end of the delivery tube into lime water and formation of
form on the surface of the bigger tube was observed in bubble forming. After that, the colour
changes in lime water were observed and observations were recorded in Table 1. Lastly, 1% of
diluted hydrochloric acid has been added into the smaller tube and observed changes.
RESULTS
Figure 1: Before colour changes Figure 2 : After colour changes
Table 1 : observations on lime water colour changes and substances after gas collection.
No. Reaction Observation
1 What is the colour of lime water Colourless

before gas collection ?
2. What is the colour of lime water after White Cloud

gas collection
3. What is the colour of lime water after Colourless

adding hydrochloric acid?
4. What is the purpose of hydrochloric Acid neutralisation

acid in this experiment?
5. What is the gas produced in the flask

with yeast suspension ? Carbon dioxide ( 𝐶𝑂 )
2
6. Write down the equation for 6 12 6 2 5 2

𝐶 𝐻 𝑂 → 2𝐶 𝐻 𝑂𝐻 + 2𝐶𝑂 + Energy
fermentation, a type of anaerobic
respiration in plants
DISCUSSIONS
In plants, respiration is very important. Plants require ATP for reproduction and survival,
which is produced by this organelle. In the process of respiration, glucose produced during
photosynthesis is broken down into ATP. After ATP is produced, it is used by cells for
photosynthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, and other important functions. In plants and
yeast cells, pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide and a type of alcohol and the alcohol is
ethanol.
Calcium hydroxide solution is also known as limewater. If carbon dioxide is bubbled

through limewater, it turns milky. Carbon dioxide is captured directly from ambient air by lime
(Erans et al, 2020).A further benefit of this experiment is the use of ethanol, a colorless and
flammable liquid produced naturally by yeast and other microbes during the fermentation of
plants. Ethylene hydration can also produce it.
Besides, glucose is broken down anaerobically during yeast fermentation to produce ATP
molecules. Each glucose molecule, which has six carbons, is broken down into two 2-carbon
fragments called ethyl alcohol and two 1-carbon fragments called carbon dioxide, both of which
are excreted as waste by yeast cells. In addition, Two molecules of ATP are used to store some
of the energy created during this reaction, which can then be used in other energy-intensive
cellular operations. To do this, the flask must be covered with parafilm. Air must be kept out of
the reaction chamber because oxygen may interfere with anaerobic fermentation, leading to the
production of unwanted byproducts such as acetic acid.
Furthermore, There is a difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which is

Cellular respiration that proceeds in the absence of oxygen. Cellular respiration that proceeds in
the presence of oxygen is aerobic respiration. Next, the advantages and disadvantages in
anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration has the advantage of being faster than aerobic
respiration and not requiring oxygen for energy conversion. In muscles, for example, when
oxygen supply is insufficient, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid in order to provide energy
during severe activity while, the disadvantage is, anaerobic respiration produces only two ATPs
and also lactic acid. Lactic acid produced during anaerobic respiration.
Sugar molecules are broken down into smaller compounds during fermentation to
produce substances that can be used to create chemical energy. Chemical energy is important
because it drives several biological activities. It usually takes the form of ATP. Since
fermentation does not include oxygen, it is considered "anaerobic". In the food and beverages
industry, fermentation is usually used to produce beer, wine, cheese, yogurt, bread, and other
fermented foods and beverages. It can be noted that industrial fermentation is used to produce
chemicals. Many compounds, including organic acids, amino acids, and vitamins, are produced
through fermentation.
CONCLUSION
At the end of this practical, the color of lime water, the colour of water adding
hydrochloric acid, equation for fermentation and the gas produced in the flask with yeast
suspension has been identified. Therefore the objective of this experiment is to understand
when the reaction takes place and to prove that carbon dioxide produced during anaerobic
respiration was achieved.
REFERENCES
Desk, H. N. (2023, May 23). Respiration in plants: Process. Housing News.

https://housing.com/news/respiration-in-plants/
Erans, M., Nabavi, S. A., & Manović, V. (2020). “Carbonation of Lime-based

Materials underAmbient Conditions for Direct Air Capture.” Journal of
Cleaner Production, 242, 118330.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118330
Lopez, J. C. (2022). “Basics of Plant Respiration | PRO-MIX.” Pthorticulture.com.

https://www.pthorticulture.com/en/training-center/basics-of-plant-respirat
ion/
Industrial fermentation. Industrial Fermentation - an overview | ScienceDirect

Topics. (n.d.).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/industrial-fermentation
Millar, A. H., Whelan, J., Soole, K. L., & Day, D. A. (2011). “Organization and
Regulation Of Mitochondrial Respiration in Plants.” Annual Review of Plant
Biology, 62(1), 79–104.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103857
MIQUEL A. GONZALEZ-MELER and others, Plant Respiration and Elevated

Atmospheric CO2 Concentration: Cellular Responses and Global
Significance, Annals of Botany, Volume 94, Issue 5, November 2004,
Pages 647–656, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch189

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FACULTY OF TROPICAL FORESTRY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

PRACTICAL 5 : RESPIRATION IN PLANTS CELL

NAME VANISHA EZIWANI BT JUWAHIR

MATRICS NO. BF22110018

LECTURER NAME DR. RHEMA D. MARIPA

PRACTICAL DATE 20 JUNE 2023

1. To understand on the reaction take place in reaction

1. Large test tube with lid

Firstly, 5% sucrose was prepared by dissolving 1.25g in 25 ml distilled water in 50 ml beakers.

Figure 1: Before colour changes Figure 2 : After colour changes

No. Reaction Observation

1 What is the colour of lime water Colourless

2. What is the colour of lime water after White Cloud

3. What is the colour of lime water after Colourless

4. What is the purpose of hydrochloric Acid neutralisation

5. What is the gas produced in the flask

6. Write down the equation for 6 12 6 2 5 2

Calcium hydroxide solution is also known as limewater. If carbon dioxide is bubbled

Furthermore, There is a difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration, which is

Desk, H. N. (2023, May 23). Respiration in plants: Process. Housing News.

Erans, M., Nabavi, S. A., & Manović, V. (2020). “Carbonation of Lime-based

Lopez, J. C. (2022). “Basics of Plant Respiration | PRO-MIX.” Pthorticulture.com.

Industrial fermentation. Industrial Fermentation - an overview | ScienceDirect

MIQUEL A. GONZALEZ-MELER and others, Plant Respiration and Elevated

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