IoT Based Flood Monitoring

System Using NodeMCU, Ultrasonic

HC-SR04 Sensor & Thingspeak IoT
Platform
APROJECT REPORT
SUBJECT: -INDUSTRIAL INTERNETOFTHINGS &

AUTOMATION
Name Reg.No
TAHA ASHRAF 220101161044

In partial fulfilmentfor the award of

BachelorOf
Technology In

Mechanical

Engineering

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYAND

MANAGEMENT, ODISHA
November 2023
2023 - 2024

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 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICALL
ENGINEERING CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
PARALAKHEMUNDI -762001

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
CERTIFIED THATTHIS PROJECT REPORT ENTITLED
“IoT Based Flood Monitoring
System Using NodeMCU, Ultrasonic
HC-SR04 Sensor & Thingspeak IoT
Platform
“is the bonafide work of
:- Reg.No
Name
TAHA ASHRAF 220101161044

who carried out the project work under my supervision. This is to further certify to the
best of my knowledge, that this project has not been carried out earlier in this
institute and the university.

Signature of the Supervisor

(Mrs. N.Jeevaratnam)

Assistant professor of Electronics Engineering

Certified that the above-mentioned project has been duly carried out as per the norms of
the college and status of the university.

SIGNATURE
(Prof. Sujit Mishra) HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Mechanical Engineering

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 Acknowledgements

We wish to express our profound and sincere gratitude to Mrs. N.Jeevaratnam, (Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering), CUTM Paralakhemundi, who guided
me into the intricacies of this project non-chalantlywith matchless magnanimity.

We thank Prof. Sujit Mishra Head of the Department of civil Engineering, and Dr. Ashish Ranjan
Dash, DEAN of SOET, CUTM, Paralakhemundi for extending their support during Course of
this investigation.

We would be failing in my duty if I don’t acknowledge the co-operation rendered during

various stages of image interpretation by Mrs. N. Jeevaratnam.

We are highly grateful to Mrs. N. Jeevaratnam who evinced keen interest and invaluable
support in the progress and successful completionof our project work.

We are indebted to all for their constant encouragement, co-operation, and help. Word of
gratitude are not enough to describe the accommodation and fortitude which they have shown
throughout our endeavour.

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e
ASSESSMENT

Internal:

SL FULL MARKS REMAR

RUBRICS
NO MARK OBTAINED KS

Understanding the relevance, scope

1 10
and dimension of the project

2 Methodology 10

3 Quality of Analysis and Results 10

4 Interpretations and Conclusions 10

5 Report 10

Total 50

Date: Signature of the Faculty

1
COURSE OUTCOME (COs) ATTAINMENT

➢ Expected Course Outcomes (COs):

(Refer to COs Statement in the Syllabus)

➢ Course Outcome Attained:

How would you rate your learning of the subject based on the specified COs?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

LOW HIGH

➢ Learning Gap (if any):

➢ Books / Manuals Referred:

Date: Signature of the Student

➢ Suggestions / Recommendations:
(By the Course Faculty)

Date: Signature of the Faculty

2
IoT-based Flood Monitoring and Alerting System using Arduino

ABSTRACT
The loss of properties and living population is getting enhanced by every year due to the dynamic
alterations in weather conditions which results in heavy floods. Therefore, implementation of an
intelligent analysis of flood risk is necessitated for the field of research in Disaster management. This
article implements an intelligent IoT-based flood monitoring and alerting system using Arduino
Unomodel, where water sensors and rain sensors are utilized to alert the authorities regarding the
heaviness of rain and monitoring of water level in a lake or river. This system alerts the people in
nearby villages since it utilizes IoT system for notifying the village people.
Key words:Arduino Uno, Internet of Things, Water sensor and Rain sensor.

1. INTRODUCTION
Flood is regular natural disasters in Malaysia which happen nearly every year during the monsoon
season. In 2010, several neighbourhood’s in the eastern Malaysian state of Sabah, and the states of
Johore, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang, were flooded after the continuous rain brought by the
northeast monsoon winds [1]. Johore is the worst affected country within the five, which number
represents more than 30,000 evacuees. During the flood, electricity was disconnected in some districts
to avoid electric shock, while some shelters were reportedly to food and water shortages. This disaster
is inevitable but with early response and reaction from local authority the destruction can be
minimized. Therefore, this flood monitoring system has been designed to help local authority to
provide more systematic solution. The overall system can be illustrated. The water level variation is
measured by a sensor that is placed in the selected area such as riverbank or low-lying areas. This
sensor will generate a signal and send it to 24-hours Control Centre. In this centre, the raw data
collected from the sensor will be compiled and analysed. Every single variation will be displayed and
saved into database. If alert condition occurs, monitoring server will send an alert will send an alert
notification immediately to the responsible person for their immediate action.Flooding is usually
brought on by an increased quantity of water in a water system, like a lake, river overflowing. On
occasion a dam fractures, abruptly releasing a massive quantity of water. The outcome is that several
the water travels into soil, and ‘flooding’ the region. Rivers are involving riverbanks, in a
station.Aside from lack of products and house and office property, streets infrastructure flood water
consists of bacteria and sewage flow of waste sites and chemical spillage which leads to a variety
ofdiseasesafterwards.
Flood predictionsneedinformationlike:
 The speed of change in river stage on a real time basis, which may help indicate the
seriousness and immediacy of this threat.
 Understanding of the form of storm generating the moisture, such as length, intensity and
areal extent, which is valuable for discovering potential seriousness of the flood.
2. RELATED WORK
Earlier several researchers implemented flood monitoring and alerting system based on ARM7
processor and Arduino controller. But, ARM7 wasn’t real time operating system (RTOS) [2-4], speed
is very less and more expensive. Arduino is a controller and additionally it requires extra modules to
interact with cloud like the global system for mobile communications (GSM), blue tooth, Wi-fi and
LAN cable [5-7]. Several works like [8, 9] investigated a study on flood disaster and its management
in the country of Malaysia, where they centered the significance of identifying best solutions to
educate if there was a strike of disaster. In addition, author in [5] suggested four action states such as
readiness, reaction, reconstruction and reduction. In this way, recent days most of the researchers tried
to find out the mitigation of flood control and there by reducing the risks. Later, due to the easiness
and wider range of applications in various field, IoT-based system attracts the researchers to
implement an intelligent flood control and alert management system.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Our proposed methodology includes Arduino Uno with water and rain sensors to reckon flood
symptoms and alert official authorities with notification. Further, it provides an alarm to nearby
villages, which alerts them to vacate from there since there will be a chance of flood occurrence. In
this project, measurement of water level is done by utilizing water sensors. In addition, rain sensors
also employed to assess the level of rain in particular area. Later, these sensors send the information
regarding water and rain measurements to Arduino Uno over IoT. Now, at the controlling end, once it
exceeds the threshold limit value then the system reckons the time duration that would assume to
flood in an area and alert the village people.

Figure 1. Block diagram of proposed system.

Working
The sensors deployed near by the water bodies are connected to cloud which senses the level of water
and rain fall, the date is stored in cloud and when they cross the threshold value it triggers a
notification to the concern person and from him the notification is broadcasted.

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4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
A. Arduino
Arduino is an open-source electronic platform that is based on connection between hardware and
software and it is easy to use and implement. They are designed in such a way that it read the input –
water reaches a certain threshold and turn it into an output – sending the alert
B. Rain Sensor
This is a device which activated by falling of rain on it. Practically, there are couple of major
applications for rain sensors, where the first one is a device connected automated irrigation system
which makes the system to turnoff in case of any rain fall and the latter is a device utilized to defend
an automobile interior from rain and assist the robotic mode of windscreen wipers. The model of rain
sensor is disclosed in Figure 2.

Fig 2. Arduino board

Figure 3. Rain sensor.

C. Water Level Sensor

This is sensor utilized to detect the level of water, rainfall sensing and even the liquate leakage.
Majorly, it is consisted with three parts:
1. An electric brick connector.
2. A resistor with 𝟏𝟏𝟏.
3. Bare conducting wires with few lines

Figure 4. Water level sensor.

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 D. Global Position System(GPS)
Global located node, at first, is a aerial radio course structure asserted by the US Flying corps. It is an
overall catalogue fly system provides earth territory information Global positioning system or near
view at any rate fly machine. Global positioning system doesn't customer send a data, and it works
openly of, anyway advances redesign handiness arranging information, essential arranging capacities,
normal, and business customers around the world. US take care of it and make it straightforwardly.

Figure 5: GPS module.

Worldwide Situating Framework an overall course system zone information each and atmosphere.
Self-rousingly, anyway progressions update supportiveness arranging information. Information
beneficiary in order to evaluate customer's correct place.

5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Proposed methodology is implemented on Arduino Uno processor with Basic C programming.
Underneath figure discloses the fold monitoring system with IoT, where it consists of water and rain
sensors for monitoring and alerting process.Once the Arduino Uno detects that there is any
emergency, it will sends an information or notification alert to the near by village people and
respective higher authorized persons as well.

Fig. 5:Circuit of fold monitoring using Arduino.

6. Program Sketch/Code
#include "ThingSpeak.h"
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
const int trigPin1 = D1;
const int echoPin1 = D2;
#define redled D3
#define grnled D4
#define BUZZER D5 //buzzer pin
unsigned long ch_no = 1053193;//Replace with Thingspeak Channel number
const char * write_api = "1WGTOHK9622G57JI";//Replace with Thingspeak write API
char auth[] = "mwa0000018384149";
char ssid[] = "Alsan Air WiFi 4";

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 char pass[] = "11122235122@kap1";
unsigned long startMillis;
unsigned long currentMillis;
const unsigned long period = 10000;
WiFiClient client;
long duration1;
int distance1;
void setup()
{
pinMode(trigPin1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin1, INPUT);
pinMode(redled, OUTPUT);
pinMode(grnled, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(redled, LOW);
digitalWrite(grnled, LOW);
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
ThingSpeak.begin(client);
startMillis = millis(); //initial start time
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin1, LOW);
duration1 = pulseIn(echoPin1, HIGH);
distance1 = duration1 * 0.034 / 2;
Serial.println(distance1);
if (distance1 <= 4)
{
digitalWrite(D3, HIGH);
tone(BUZZER, 300);
digitalWrite(D4, LOW);
delay(1500);
noTone(BUZZER);
}
else {
digitalWrite(D4, HIGH);
digitalWrite(D3, LOW);
}
currentMillis = millis();
if (currentMillis - startMillis >= period)
{
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ThingSpeak.setField(1, distance1);
ThingSpeak.writeFields(ch_no, write_api);
startMillis = currentMillis;
}
}

7. CONCLUSION
This paper implemented an intelligent flood prediction and alerting system using IoT and Arduino
Uno which utilized water and rain sensors for alerting the authorities and monitoring of water level in
a lake or river. Further, we sent a notification alertto the people in nearby villages using IoT system.
This system is low-cost and self-guiding, hence there is no requirement of real-time training. In
addition, our system obtained good performance, low-cost and flexibility. In future, it can be
recommended to utilize global positioning system (GPS), which can track the location of equipment
in the target field. Furthermore, Solar power can be used rather than direct power to save the power
usage.

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