Ecology and Functions of An Ecosystem MCQ (Free PDF) - Objective Question Answer For Ecology and Functions of An Ecosystem Quiz - Download Now!

9/28/23, 10:45 PM Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Ecology and
ogy and Functions of an ecosyste…
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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer
for Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem - Download Free PDF
Last updated on Sep 28, 2023
Latest Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem MCQ Objective Questions

Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 1:
Match List I with List II
List - I List - II
Natural selec Production of
A. I.
tion new species
Affect evolution of other
B. Speciation II.
organisms
C III Pass genes to the
Extinction
. . next generation
D I
Coevolution Loss of species
. V
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A - III, B - I, C - II, D - IV
2. A - III, B - II, C - I, D - IV
3. A -I, B - III, C - IV, D - II
4. A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II
https://testbook.com/objective-questions/mcq-on-ecology-and-functions-of-an-ecosystem--5eea6a1239140f30f369ec8c 1/29
9/28/23, 10:45 PM Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Ecology and Functions of an ecosyste…
5. Not Attempted English Get Started
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II
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Let's discuss the concepts related to Ecology and Environment and Ecology and Functions of an
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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 1 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 'A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II'.
Key Points
Natural selection
Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution.
Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass
on the genes to the next generation.
This process causes species to change and diverge over time.
Speciation
Speciation is the process of production of new and distinct species in the course of
evolution.
Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its
species and develops its own unique characteristics.
Extinction
Extinction is the complete disappearance of a species from Earth.
It is the loss of species.
Extinction is the death of all members of a species of plants, animals, or other organisms.
The main causes of extinction are the use of land and sea by humans; overexploitation of
wild populations; invasive alien species, pollution, and climate change.
English Get Started

EE
FR
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______ are obtained from biospheres which are living components such as human beings,
flora and fauna, fisheries, livestock, etc.
1. Capital Resources
2. Human Resources
3. Biotic resources
4. Economic Resources
5. Not Attempted
Option 3 : Biotic resources
Correct Answers Biotic resources
Key Points
Biotic Resources:
English Get Started

Biotic Resources includes living organisms comprising plants, animals, and microbes.
Biotic resources are resources or substances which are derived from the biosphere like living
things
These are obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings, flora and fauna,
fisheries, livestock, etc.
They are classified according to their functional attributes into producers and consumers.
Additional Information
Capital Resources
It include money to start a new business, tools, buildings, machinery, and any other
goods people make to produce goods and provide services.
The items the people in Communityville produced are called capital resources.
Human Resources
These are the people needed to grow or make and sell a product or service.
The people who came to live in Community ville used their human resources (their labor) along
with the natural resources, to build the roads, railroad, and buildings, etc...
Natural Resources
These are something from nature that people can use, such as trees, land, water, animals, and
minerals, etc...
Economic Resources:
It means assets of every kind, whether tangible or intangible, movable or immovable, which
are not funds but can be used to obtain funds, goods or services
EE
FR

Stratification in the field of ecology refers to:

English Get Started
1. correlation of various species in an ecosystem
2. inter-relation of all species in various ecosystems
3. relation between two trophic levels in a food chain
4. vertical distribution of various species in different layers (levels) of the ecosystem
5. Not Attempted
Option 4 : vertical distribution of various species in different layers (levels) of the ecosystem
The correct answer is vertical distribution of various species in different layers (levels) of the
ecosystem.
Key Points:
In the study of ecology, stratification refers to the vertical layering of a habitat and the layering of
vegetation.
It primarily divides the vegetation into layers (sing. stratum, pl. strata) based on the various
heights at which their plants may be found.
Different animal and plant populations live in each strata (stratozones).
Generally speaking, the forest floor (root and moss layers), herb, shrub, understory, and
canopy layers are to be identified.
Although the various elements may have a range of heights, the height of the individual plants is
what essentially determines the height of these vegetation layers.
The height range in which the vast majority of photosynthetic organs (mostly leaves) are present
defines the real layer.
Additional Information:
Tree layer:
The top stratum of this layer of vegetation, which is made up of phanerophytes, begins at
a height of around 5 metres.
They may reach a height of 45 metres.
Canopy:
Typically used to describe the topmost layer of vegetation in a forest or woodland, the
canopy is made up of the crowns of the tallest trees there.English Get Started
Individual trees, however, may generate an emergent layer if they grow above the overall
layer of the canopy.
Understory:
The term "understory" can be used to describe trees that are both above and below the
canopy, but it is frequently used more widely to include the shrub layer as well.
Shrub layer:
The vegetation in a habitat that ranges in height from 1.5 to 5 metres is known as the shrub
layer.
This layer, which can be separated into the first and second shrub layers, is primarily
made up of young trees and bushes (low and high bushes).
Herb layer:
In this layer, which can reach heights of up to 1.5 metres in the forest, the majority of the
flora is non-woody and serves as ground cover.
EE
FR

Ecological succession is defined as:
1. process by which geological changes take place
2. process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time
3. process of deforestation
4. process by which the many species get extinct
5. Not Attempted
Answer (Detailed Solution Below) English Get Started
Option 2 : process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time
The correct answer is "process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over
time".
Key Points
Ecological succession is defined as the process by which the mix of species and habitat in
an area changes over time.
The mechanism through which a region's species and habitat mix evolve throughout time
is called ecological succession.
These species eventually replace each other until a "climax community" is attained, such
as a full forest, or until a disruption, such as a fire, happens.
Or we can say that ecological succession is the process by which a biological community's
composition changes as time passes.
Primary and secondary succession has been identified as two distinct forms. In situations
where the soil is unable to support life due to reasons like lava flows, recently formed sand
dunes, or boulders left behind by a receding glacier, primary succession takes place.
Secondary succession happens in places where an earlier community has been
eliminated; it is characterized by relatively small disruptions that do not completely wipe out
the environment's life and nutrition.
Proc
Description
ess
Proc
ess
Events known as geological processes
of
take place over a period of time that can
ecolo
range from millions of years to thousands
gical
of kilometers.
chan
ges
Proc When people clear or thin forests to
ess make lumber or to use the land where the
trees once stood for farming, grazing,
of
extraction (of minerals, oil, or gas), or
defor
development as a result of population
estatigrowth and migration, this is known as
on deforestation.
Proc A species goes extinct when it
ess disappears from the planet. When a
of species' population declines as a result of
extin environmental factors such as habitat
ction fragmentation, climate change, natural

of disasters, etc. The dinosaur is among the English Get Started
speci most well-known instances of an extinct
es species.
EE
FR

Who coined the word ecology (Ökologie)?
1. Robert Whittaker
2. Ernst Haeckel
3. Charles Darwin
4. Arthur Tansley
5. Not Attempted
Option 2 : Ernst Haeckel
The Correct Answer is Ernst Haeckel.
Key Points
English Get Started
The term ecology is derived from the Greek word ‘oikos’ meaning ‘house’, combined with the
word ‘logy’ meaning the ‘science of’ or ‘the study of ’. Literally, ecology is the study of the earth
as a ‘household’, of plants, human beings, animals, and micro-organisms.
They all live together as interdependent components. A German zoologist Ernst Haeckel, who
used the term ‘oekologie’ in 1869, became the first person to use the term ‘ecology’.
The study of interactions between life forms (biotic) and the physical environment (abiotic) is
the science of ecology.
Hence, ecology can be defined as a scientific study of the interactions of organisms with
their physical environment and with each other
Ecology
You have been reading about ecological and environmental problems in newspapers and
magazines.
The environment as you know is made up of abiotic and biotic components.
It would be interesting to understand how the diversity of life forms is maintained to bring a
kind of balance.
This balance is maintained in a particular proportion so that a healthy interaction between
the biotic and the abiotic components goes on.
EE
FR


English Get Started
Top Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem MCQ Objective Questions
Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 6 Download Solution PDF
The largest ecosystem of the Earth is-
1. Biosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Lithosphere
4. Biome
Option 1 : Biosphere
Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 6 Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF
Important Points
An ecosystem is an interaction of biological community organisms between each other and
their physical environment.
The lithosphere is the outer part of the Earth it is made up of the crust and the top part of the
upper mantle.
A biome is a large community of vegetation and wildlife which are adapted to a specific climate.
The five major types of the biome are:
aquatic
grassland
forest
desert
tundra
The biosphere is the single largest ecosystem of the earth.
The biosphere is known as the sum of all ecosystems also known as the ecosystem also the
zone of life on earth. English Get Started
Biosphere is the sum of all and hence is regarded as the largest ecosystem of the earth.
Download Solution PDF Share on Whatsapp
EE
FR

In an ecosystem, energy
1. is released
2. is absorbed
3. flows
4. None of the above
Option 3 : flows
The correct answer is Flows.
Explanation:
Ecosystem: All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and human beings as well as
the physical surroundings interact with each other and maintain a balance
English in nature. AllGet
theStarted
interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an
ecosystem.
Food chain: A food chain shows the feeding relationship between different organisms in a
particular environment and/or habitat.
A food chain shows how energy is passed from the sun to producers, from producers to
consumers, and from consumers to decomposes such as fungi.
They also show how animals depend on other organisms for food.
Only 10% of energy is transferred to higher levels from the previous one. So, the demand for food
is more in higher levels. So, the food chain does not go for more than 3-4 tropic levels. This leads to
more complex food forms known as a food web.
English Get Started
Primary (100%) → First level/ Primary (10%) → Second-level/ Secondary (1%) → Third level /
Tertiary (0.1%).
Food web is a network of food chains where all the chains are naturally interconnected.
The flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional, once it reaches the next tropic level it does not
come back again.
EE
FR


MasterClasses Bank Quizzes English Get Started
Eutrophication in lake is due to the presence of
1. DO and bacteria
2. Nitrogen and phosphorous
3. BOD and COD
4. Chromium and mercury
Option 2 : Nitrogen and phosphorous
The correct answer is Nitrogen and phosphorous.
Key Points:
Concept:
Eutrophication: It is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the
ecosystem.
Compounds that contain nitrogen and phosphorus (fertilizers) drive the eutrophication. These
nutrients are generally not toxic.
Effects on aquatic life: They can have a large impact on the health of rivers and estuaries such
as increased overgrowth of algae and aquatic plants, depletion of fish species, general
deterioration of water quality.
Explanation:
English Get Started
To increase crop yield, fertilizers contain nitrates and phosphates.
When these get washed up into water bodies, the resulting increase of nitrate or phosphate in the
water encourages algae growth, which forms a bloom over the water surface.
The algae leech the nutrient from the water body and kill aquatic life.
So, eutrophication in the lake is due to the presence of nitrogen and phosphorous.
EE
FR

An ecosystem consists of:
1. Only living organisms
2. Living organisms and physical factors
3. Only insects
4. Only physical factors
Option 2 : Living organisms and physical factors
The correct answer is Living organisms and physical factors.

English Get Started
Key Points
An ecosystem consists of a community of organisms together with their physical
environment consists of two components Biotic and Abiotic.
Abiotic consists of non-living organisms(air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight.
Biotic consists of living organisms (Producers, Consumers, Decomposers).
The Food Chain is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy are transferred
from one organism to another.
Producers make their own food. Example- Green plants.
Primary Consumers depend on the producers. Example- Grasshooper
Secondary consumers depend on the primary consumer for energy. Example- Frog
Tertiary consumer depends on the secondary consumers for the food. Example- Snake
Decomposers are microorganisms that decompose the dead and decaying material into
humus which enriches the soil. Example- Bacteria, Fungus.
EE
FR


English Get Started
The term ‘ecology’ was introduced by
1. Ernst Haeckel
2. E. P. Odum
3. A. G. Tansley
4. Ramdeo Mishra
Option 1 : Ernst Haeckel
The correct answer is Ernst Haeckel.
Explanation:
Ecosystem:
All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and human beings, and their physical
surroundings interact with each other and maintain a balance in nature. All the interacting organisms
in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment form an ecosystem.
English Get Started
Ecology is the science treating the reciprocal relations of organisms and the external world.
The functional unit of the ecological system involves complex actions occurring between its biotic
and biotic components.
The term ecology system was first used by Ernst Haeckel.
Dr. Ramdev Mishra is known as the father of ecology in India. He founded the International
Society for Tropical Ecology in the year 1956.
EE
FR

Which one of the following terms describes not only the physical space occupied by an organism but
also its functional role in the community of organisms?
1. Ecotone
2. Ecological niche
3. Habitat English Get Started
4. Home range
Option 2 : Ecological niche
The correct answer is the Ecological Niche
Key Points
Ecological Niche
A niche refers to the unique functional role and position of a species in its habitat or
ecosystem.
The functional characteristics of a species in its habitat are referred to as “niche” in that
common habitat.
In nature, many species occupy the same habitat, but they perform different functions.
habitat niche – where it lives, food niche – what is eaten or decomposes & what
species it competes with,
reproductive niche – how and when it reproduces,
physical & chemical niche – temperature, land shape, land slope, humidity & another
requirement.
Niche plays an important role in the conservation of organisms. If we have to conserve
species in their native habitat, we should have knowledge about the niche
requirements of the species.
Ecotone – zone of transition between two ecosystems. E.g. grasslands, mangroves etc.
Habitat – surroundings in which an organism lives (home).
Home Range – A home range is an area in which an animal lives and moves on a daily or
periodic basis (a little bigger than habitat – home → office → home).
EE
FR


MasterClasses Bank Quizzes English Get Started
The second trophic level in a lake is?
1. Fungi
2. Benthos
3. Zooplankton
4. Phytoplankton
Option 3 : Zooplankton
The correct answer is Zooplankton.
Key Points
A lake ecosystem is an aquatic food chain. It consists of different trophic levels.
The first trophic level is phytoplankton.
They produce their own food.
Zooplankton is the primary consumer in aquatic food chains.
They feed upon phytoplankton. They are present in the second trophic level.
Hence, the second most important trophic level in a lake is zooplankton.
Small fishes feed upon zooplankton.
They are present in the third trophic level. Similarly, big fishes and other bigger aquatic
animals are present in the fourth trophic level which feed upon small fishes.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Zooplankton.
English Get Started
EE
FR

Which of the following is not green house gas?
1. CO
2. O3
3. CH4
4. H2O Vapour
Option 1 : CO
The correct option is CO (Carbon Monoxide).

English Get Started
Explanation:
Greenhouse Effect:
Solar energy is trapped by the earth atmosphere and radiate slowly so to cover our earth with a
warm blanket.
This is the natural process of the greenhouse effect on earth to maintain its temperature and
makes the earth perfect for life.
Greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous
oxide, CFCs and ozone.
Values of radiation absorbed by the greenhouse gases are as follow:
Gas Value of absorption in percentage
Ozone 10.2 %
Methane 16.3 %
Carbon Dioxide 56.4 %
Nitro Oxide 5.4 %
From the above table, it is clear that carbon dioxide absorbs the maximum radiation in the earth’s
atmosphere
Hence the correct option is Carbon Monoxide (CO) which is not a greenhouse gas.
The major greenhouse gases are

Water vapour - causes about 36% - 70% of the greenhouse effect

Carbon dioxide (CO2) causes 9 - 26% English Get Started
Methane (CH4) causes 4 - 9%
Ozone (O3)
Nitrous Oxide
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Important Points
Global warming: If the amount of greenhouse gases cross by delicate proportion, the natural
greenhouse balance may get disturbed and there is a continuous rise in temperature of the earth by
trapping the solar heat continuously. This creates the overall effect of Global warming.
EE
FR

Which of the following is not an artificial ecosystem?
1. Reservoir of a dam
2. Paddy-field
3. Forest
4. Garden
Option 3 : Forest
English Get Started
The correct answer is option 3 i.e., Forest
Key Points
The ecosystem is completely dependent on solar radiation.
For eg. forests, oceans, grasslands, lakes, rivers, and deserts.
This type of ecosystem is known as the Natural ecosystem.
Man-made ecosystems are those ecosystems that are dependent on solar energy.
For eg. agricultural fields and aquaculture ponds.
Such ecosystems are also dependent on fossil fuels.
For eg. urban and industrial ecosystems.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the non-living components
of their environment, interacting as a system.
These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy
flows.
A forest ecosystem is a functional unit or a system that comprises soil, trees, insects, animals,
birds, and man as its interacting units.
EE
FR

Which is the most stable ecosystem?
1. Marine (ocean)
2. Forest
3. Mountain English Get Started
4. Desert
Option 1 : Marine (ocean)
The correct answer is Marine (ocean).
Key Points
Marine ecosystems are aquatic environments with high levels of dissolved salt.
These include the open ocean, the deep-sea ocean, and coastal marine ecosystems, each of
which has different physical and biological characteristics.
Marine ecosystems are defined by their unique biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) factors.
Biotic factors include plants, animals, and microbes.
Important abiotic factors include the amount of sunlight in the ecosystem, the amount of oxygen
and nutrients dissolved in the water, proximity to land, depth, and temperature.
Coral reefs are a diverse form of the marine ecosystem, which in total may account for a
quarter of all ocean species.
The ratio of fish compared to elasmobranchs such as sharks, skates, and rays – has remained
stable for periods of tens of millions of years, despite extreme environmental changes caused by
climate shifts of the past.
As the depth of the ocean increases, it gets darker, colder, and with less available oxygen.
Organisms living in deep-sea ecosystems within the dysphotic and aphotic zones have unusual
adaptations that help them survive in these challenging environments.
Some organisms have extremely large mouths that allow them to catch whatever nutrients fall from
shallower ocean depths.
EE
FR

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9/28/23, 10:45 PM Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem MCQ [Free PDF] - Objective Question Answer for Ecology and

ogy and Functions of an ecosyste…

English Get Started

Last updated on Sep 28, 2023

Latest Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem MCQ Objective Questions

Match List I with List II

3. A -I, B - III, C - IV, D - II

5. Not Attempted English Get Started

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II

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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 1 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II'.

English Get Started

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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 2:

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Biotic resources

Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 2 Detailed Solution

Correct Answers Biotic resources

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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 3:

Stratification in the field of ecology refers to:

1. correlation of various species in an ecosystem

2. inter-relation of all species in various ecosystems

3. relation between two trophic levels in a food chain

4. vertical distribution of various species in different layers (levels) of the ecosystem

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 4:

Ecological succession is defined as:

1. process by which geological changes take place

4. process by which the many species get extinct

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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 4 Detailed Solution

ction fragmentation, climate change, natural

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Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 5:

Who coined the word ecology (Ökologie)?

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Ernst Haeckel

Ecology and Functions of an ecosystem Question 5 Detailed Solution

The Correct Answer is Ernst Haeckel.

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