Group 4

Unang Sigaw o The Cry

of Revolution
Arlegui, Myka Speranza
Nierva, Rencez Khlarence
Penaflor, Malcolm Juris
Six versions of The Cry of Revolution
01 02 03
“Cry of Balintawak” The Cry of Bahay Toro The First Cry
By: Vicente Samson By: Santiago Alvarez By: Gregoria De Jesus

04 05 06
Report on the The “Cry of Balintawak” Cry of Pugad Lawin
“Cry of Balintawak” By: Guillermo Masangkay By: Pio Valenzuela
By: Guardia Civil, Captain
Olegario Diaz
First Cry o Unang Sigaw - referred to when
the Filipinos finally rejected the Spanish colonial rule over
the Philippine Islands.

Cedula - An identification card and residence tax

certificate that had to be carried at all times.
“The Cry of
Balintawak”
By: Vicente Samson
August 26, 1896
Vicente Samson
● He is a native in Balintawak
● He was a 12-year old at the time, and actually
witnessed the event with his father and older
brother, both of whom were Katipuneros.
● He says that the ‘cry’ started on the afternoon of
August 26, 1896.
 Cry of Balintawak (August 26, 1896)
Vicente’s father was a leader of Katipunan and his older brother was also a Katipunero. He says
that they were among those who participated in the tearing of the cedulas.

According to him, everybody in Balintawak knew that something was about to happen so the
leaders and members of the Katipunan started converging at Don Apolonio Samson’s house in
Barrio Kangkong a few days before August 26, 1986.

On the morning of August 26, the discussions about the revolution became more intense and
heated than usual because there was a prevailing sentiment that it would start right away, which
resulted to verbal clashes. It was later on agreed that it should begin on August 29.
 Cry of Balintawak (August 26, 1896)
Don Vicente saw the Supremo stand up on a platform to give a short speech. He couldn’t
remember the exact words but he could vividly remember the Katipuneros shouting “Mabuhay!”
and took out their cedulas, tore them to pieces and threw them into a dried-up carabao mud-hole
where they were burned.

Don Vicente said that Pasong Tamo was where the Katipuneros had their first battle with the
Spaniards. The Katipuneros were armed with bolos and spears and crude guns called sulsulin and
arkonite.

According to him, Simplicio Acabo was the first to die in the revolution.

Repressive Measures were imposed. Those bearing scars on their left wrists or arms and those
lacking cedulas were automatically deemed suspects. These arrests often resulted in
imprisonment, while others faced exile to Guam.
 Cry of Balintawak (August 26, 1896) Melchora Aquino

Among those was Melchora Aquino, affectionately known as Tandang

Sora, a figure regarded as the "Mother of the Katipunan."

Don Vicente firmly believes that the first fight of the Philippine
Revolution occurred in Balintawak and dismisses other claims as
attempts to distort the true history of the revolution.

January 6, 1812 - February 19, 1919

(Aged 107)
The Cry of Bahay
Toro
Santiago Alvarez
August 24, 1896
Santiago Alvarez
● Warlord of Cavite
● Son of Mariano Alvarez
● Relative of Gregoria De Jesus
● Was not an eyewitness but he
was in Cavite at that time.
July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930
(Aged 58)
 Santiago Alvarez
The Cry of Bahay Toro (August 24, 1896)
On August 23, 1869 at 10am, about 500 katipuneros ready to join Andres
Bonifacio met together at Sampalukan, Barrio of Bahay Toro, on the Barn
of Kabesang Melchora.

On August 24, 1869 , Andres Bonifacio decided to hold a meeting inside

the barn and it began on 10 in the morning. The meeting adjourned at 12
o’clock noon where the katipuneros were crying and shouted “Long Live
the Sons of the Country” or “Mabuhay ang mga Anak ng Bayan!
July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930
(Aged 58)
The First Cry
Gregoria De Jesus
August 25, 1896
Gregoria De Jesus
● Wife of Supremo Andres
Bonifacio
● Custodian of the secret
documents, seals, and some
weapons of Katipunan.
● Lakambini ng Katipunan May 9, 1875 - March 15, 1943
(Aged 67)
 Gregoria De Jesus
The First Cry (August 25, 1896)
The activities of the Katipunan reached nearly all corners of the Philippines and the
existence of Katipunan were discovered. When some of the katipuneros were
arrested, Andres Bonifacio, Gregoria De Jesus, and members of the Katipunan
immediately returned to Caloocan. But since they were being closely watched by the
Spanish Agents, Bonifacio and his men left caloocan several days later. It was then
the revolution and the first cry for freedom started on August 25, 1896. On the same
day, Gregoria was with her parents and she learned from her friends that the spanish
authorities would be arresting her. She fled the town at 11 o’clock at night, with the
intention to go to Manila, she secretly had gone through the rice fields of La Loma.
Gregoria tried to knock on some houses and tried to rest, but she were treated as an July 25, 1872 - October 30, 1930
(Aged 58)
apparition due to her being involved in the revolution. All of the people she visited,
including her uncle were seized, punished, and some were exiled.
.
 Report on the
“Cry of Balintawak”
By: Guardia Civil, Captain
Olegario Diaz
August 25, 1896
Captain Olegario Diaz
● Spanish Commander of the
Guardia Civil Veterena of Manila
Report on the “Cry of Balintawak” (August 25, 1896)
When the conspiracy has been discovered,Bonifacio and his men fled to the nearby
town of caloocan.

On August 23, 1896, Bonifacio and his men moved to the barrio of Balintanac
(Balintawak).

On August 24, 1896, They were attacked by the Guardia Civil in the outskirts of
Balintanac, they retreated and hid to their hiding places.

On August 25, 1896, Andres Bonifacio called for a meeting in the barrio of Balintanac,
where more than 5,000 katipuneros attended the meeting. The meeting discussed
on what they should do with their situation, with them being discovered and some
katipuneros are being arrested. Some katipuneros wanted to go back and surrender
to spanish authorities, but Bonifacio was against the idea and convinced the
katipuneros to revolt. Orders were sent out to Manila, Cavite, Nueva Ecija, and other
provinces, that they will be striking at dawn on August 30, 1896
The “Cry of
Balintawak”
By: Guillermo Masangkay
August 26, 1896
Guillermo Masangkay
● Born at Tondo
● Katipunan General
● Bonifacio’s Childhood Friend
● Initiator of members for the
Katipunan in Cavite
June 25, 1867- May 30, 1963
(Aged 95)
 Guillermo Masangkay
The “Cry of Balintawak (August 26, 1896)
On August 26, 1896, 9am, at the House of Apolonio Samson in Balintawak, A
meeting was held and led by Andres Bonifacio together with his acting secretary
Emilio Jacinto.
The purpose of the meeting was to discuss when the revolt should start. Teodoro
Plata (Bonifacio’s Brother in Law), Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela argued that
starting the revolt too early might distress the people especially if they don’t have
any proper preparations. Plata argued strongly that the revolt should not start
without arms and food for the soldiers. While Valenzuela used Rizal’s argument
about the rich not siding with the katipunan.

Bonifacio walked out from the session hall knowing he would lose the argument.
Bonifacio then told the katipuneros outside that the leaders were arguing that the
revolution might have been too early to start. Bonifacio then gave his speech, in
which he told that their fellow countrymen were shot in Bagumbayan and if ever
they return to their towns, the Spaniards would just shoot them. Their organization July 11, 1869 - April 06, 1956
has been discovered and everyone in the organization has been marked, If they (Aged 95)
won’t start to revolt now, the Spaniards will get them anyway.
 Guillermo Masangkay
The “Cry of Balintawak (August 26, 1896)
Bonifacio asked the katipuneros what they want after the speech and the people
shouted “Revolt”.

Bonifacio asked the katipuneros to give a pledge that they were going to revolt, he
told them that the cedula tax charge of each citizen is a sign of slavery of Filipinos.
He told to his fellow katipuneros that if they were ready to revolt, he would want to
see his fellow katipuneros destroy their cedulas, and it will be a sign of freedom
from the Spaniards.

With tears in their eyes, the katipuneros pulled out their cedulas and tore them to
pieces.

Bonifacio came back to the session hall and told the leaders what had happened
outside.
July 11, 1869 - April 06, 1956
It was then decided that they would start the uprising and that was when the (Aged 95)
katipuneros outside shouted “Long Live the Philippine Republic!”.
 Guillermo Masangkay
The “Cry of Balintawak (August 26, 1896)
Guillermo mentioned that he remembers what Andres Bonifacio wore that day.
Bonifacio used to always wear an open coat, with a black tie and black hat and he
also always carried an umbrella with him. But that morning of the meeting,
Bonifacio took off his coat and only wore his shirt with collar and tie.

Guillermo also mentioned that Bonifacio was only a bodeguero and was earning
Php25 a month. In order to make some extra money, he weaved bamboo hats during
his spare time as this was his hobby and he sold them in Manila.

At about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, when the katipuneros were celebrating, the
guards who were up the trees gave a warning that the Spaniards were coming.
Bonifacio, Jacinto, and some other leaders of the Katipunan led the group and
strategically distributed their men to prepare for the attack of the civil guards.

Guillermo Masangkay was stationed at the bank of a small creek. July 11, 1869 - April 06, 1956
(Aged 95)
Shots were fired by the Civil Guards and that started the fire and became a huge
conflagration.
Cry of Pugad Lawin
Pio Valenzuela
August 23, 1896
Dr. Pio Valenzuela
● Born on Polo, Bulacan
● A Physician
● An eyewitness to the first “Cry”.

July 11, 1869 - April 06, 1956

(Aged 87)
 Dr. Pio Valenzuela
Cry of Pugad Lawin (August 23, 1896)
On August 19, 1896,The first five arrived at Balintawak, while Dr. Pio Valenzuela
arrived on August 20, 1869.

On August 22, 1896, They held a meeting on the House and Yard of Apolonio
Samson at Kangkong. 500 Katipuneros where there, and there were no resolutions
debated or adopted, only views were exchanged in the meeting.

On August 23, 1896, Over 1,000 members of the Katipunan met at the Store House
and Yard of Juan Ramos at Pugad Lawin, they carried out a debate and discussion
about whether they should start the revolt against the Spanish government on
August 29 or not. Only one protested, and that was Teodoro Plata. After the
meeting, many of those present in the meeting tore their cedulas and shouted “Long
Live the Philippines! Long Live the Philippines!”

He told Francisco Olive that the first “Cry” happened in balintawak, August 26, 1896. July 11, 1869 - April 06, 1956
(Aged 87)
Memoirs of Revolution, the first “Cry” happened in Pugad Lawin, August 23, 1896.
Conclusion
Guillermo Masangkay
is the most credible.
● He was an eyewitness. Masangkay was one of the
Katipuneros who was present at the event on August 26,
1896.
● He was a close friend and advisor to Andres Bonifacio, the
leader of the Katipunan.
● He wrote a detailed account of the event.
June 25, 1867- May 30, 1963
● His account is corroborated by the accounts of other (Aged 95)
Katipuneros.
SECOND PART
History of the
Filipino People
Teodoro Agoncillo
Teodoro Agoncillo
● He was a prominent 20th century
historian. He was renowned for
promoting a distinctly nationalist point of
view of Filipino history.

November 9, 1912 - January 14, 1985

(Aged 73)
History of the Filipino People
The rivalry between the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions led to a series of reverses. In a mass
movement such as the revolution, unity was necessary. On December 31, 1896, an assembly of
revolutionists was held at Imus, Cavite — where the two factions was deciding whether the
Katipunan should be superseded by another form of government.

The Magdalo faction (kampo ni Emilio Aguinaldo) believed that with the outbreak of the
revolution, the Katipunan had ceased to be a secret society and should be superseded by a new
government. On the other hand, the Magdiwang faction (kampo ni Andres Bonifacio) is
contended that the Katipunan should remain the government of the revolutionists because it
already has a constitution and laws that is recognized by all.

The conflict was not resolved and the meeting ended without having accomplished anything.
History of the Filipino People
The Tejeros Convention — As months pass by and as the rebels found themselves on the
receiving end of the Spaniards, the two factions decided to meet again at Tejeros, a barrio of San
Francisco de Malabon on March 22, 1897 to solve whether a new government should be
established to replace the Katipunan. Due to the different point of views of both factions, the idea
of forming a government lead to a heated discussion. Bonifacio eventually acceded as the
chairman and he prudent acceded to the wish of some for a new government, therefore, the
Republic of the Philippines. However, he stated that whoever was elected to any position should
be respected and followed. The elected officials were:

Emilio Aguinaldo…………………………………..President
Mariano Trias…………………………………………Vice-President
Artemio Ricarte……………………………………..Captain General
Emiliano Riego de Dios…………………………..Director of War
Andres Bonifacio…………………………………….Director of the Interior
History of the Filipino People
While Bonifacio was being proclaimed, Daniel Tirona, a magdalo, stood up and said: “The
position of Director of the Interior is an exalted one and it is not proper that a person without a
lawyer’s diploma should occupy it. We have in our province a lawyer, Jose del Rosario”

Bonifacio was insulted for it had been previously agreed that whoever was elected should be
respected. He demanded Tirona to retract what he said, but he disappeared from the scene
instead of apologizing. Bonifacio then said aloud: “I as the chairman of the assembly, and as
President of the Supreme Council of the Katipunan, as all of you do not deny, declare this
assembly dissolved,”
History of the Filipino People
The Second Meeting at Tejeros — Aguinaldo’s elder brother, Crispulo Aguinaldo, persuaded him
to take the oath of office so he proceeded to Santa Cruz, Malabon (now Tanza) where all of the
elected officials the previous day take oath, except Bonifacio.

Meanwhile, Bonifacio and his men believes that there were anomalies committed during the
balloting. They drew up a document called Acta de Tejeros, where they gave their reasons for not
accepting the results.

The Naik Military Agreement — Bonifacio, angered by what he believes to be an irregular

election and the insult of Tirona, he and his men drew up another document at Naik where they
resolved to establish a government independent of and separate from the one established at
Tejeros.
History of the Filipino People
The Trial and Execution of Bonifacio — Aguinaldo knew about the Naik Military Agreement.
Realizing the significance of Bonifacio’s intentions, he ordered the arrest of the Bonifacio
brothers.

A group of soldiers under the command of Colonel Agapito Bonzon was dispatched to Limbon to
effect the arrest. They surrounded a perimeter outside Bonifacio’s house. After the exchange of
firing, Bonifacio was stabbed in the larynx. His brother Ciriaco was killed, and Procopio was
wounded.

Bonifacio was placed in a hammock and was brought to Naik, the capital of the rebel government.
 Katipunan and the
Revolution Memoirs
by Santiago Alvarez
Santiago Alvarez
● Born on Imus, Cavite
● son of Mariano Alvarez and a member of
the Magdiwang Council
● A revolutionary general and founder and
honorary president of the first
directorate of the Nacionalista Party July 25, 1872 - October 30,
1930
(Aged 58)
Katipunan and the Revolution Memoirs
The meeting between Magdalo and Magdiwang leaders
during a critical period in Philippine history
● Transfer of Magdalo territories to Spanish control following the
battles of Salitran, Zapote, and Dalahikan.

● Imus, the rebel capital, faced imminent collapse, prompting the

organization of a meeting involving both Magdalo and
Magdiwang leaders.

● The original meeting date was March 24, 1897, but it was
postponed to the following day due to the death of Lt. Gen.
Crispulo Aguinaldo, brother of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, during the
Battle of Salitran.

● The Tejeros Convention took place at the Tejeros friar state

house, with Magdiwang leaders already present after lunch, and
the Magdalo group arriving around 5 in the afternoon. The Tejeros Convention (18970)
● Before the end of the day's gathering, Diego Mojica, the Date and Location: March 25, 1897, at the Tejeros friar state house.
Secretary of the Treasury, suggested starting with expressions of
sympathy and prayers for the deceased. Supremo Bonifacio
offered words of remembrance during this moment.
Katipunan and the Revolution Memoirs
● The meeting finally took place on March 25, 1897, with notable
figures such as Supremo Andres Bonifacio, Mariano Alvarez,
Pascual Alvarez, and Diego Mojica present.

● Secretary of War Ariston Villanueva received information that

Mr. Daniel Tirona was planning to disrupt the assembly and had
garnered support from the Magdiwang Leaders.

● Despite the news, the meeting commenced, focusing on the

topic of strengthening defenses still under Magdiwang control.

● During the meeting, Mr. Severino de las Alas proposed

addressing major issues like the type of government to establish
before discussing minor matters, emphasizing the need for clear
governance.

● Tensions escalated as Mr. Antonio Montenegro supported

The Tejeros Convention (18970)
Severino and warned that failing to agree with his proposal
would lead to them being perceived as bandits or mindless
revolutionaries, resulting in a disorderly assembly.
Katipunan and the Revolution Memoirs
● Order was restored in the assembly, and it continued its
proceedings.

● Mr. Lumbreras emphasized the Katipunan's responsibility for

expanding the revolutionary movement throughout the country.
Due to the ineffectiveness of some, he proposed the creation of a
new revolutionary council, which received unanimous
agreement.

● The President-Supremo stressed the importance of following

and respecting the decision of the majority.

● An election was held, with the Supremo declaring that the

candidate receiving the most votes would win, regardless of their
current status in life.

● Emilio Aguinaldo was elected as President, defeating Andres

Bonifacio, and Mr. Mariano Trias became the Vice President.
General Vibora assumed the role of Captain. However,
dissatisfaction with the election results led to further
commotion before the election was concluded.
Katipunan and the Revolution Memoirs

● Rumors circulated that individuals including Daniel Tirona,

Mariano Trias, Emilio R. de Dios, Santiago Rillo, and others were
seen at the parish house of the Catholic church in Tanza,
engaging in discussions with a priest. The content of their
conversation remained unknown.

● President Baldomero Aguinaldo convened a meeting with the

aim of continuing and validating the election proceedings and
revitalizing alliances. However, none of the Magdalo members,
including their President, attended the meeting.

● Subsequent rumors suggested that Magdalo leaders had their

own meeting at the parish house in Tanza. On the following
morning, March 27, 1897, a meeting took place at the Tanza
parish house, during which the election results were not
respected.