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    Science Reviewer

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    Ingram Awatin
    The document summarizes key concepts in chemistry including: - The particulate theory of matter which describes the states of solid, liquid, gas and plasma based on particle movement. - Extensive and intensive properties, and examples like color, odor, hardness. - Phase changes in matter including melting, boiling, freezing and others. - Subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, electrons and their roles in atoms. - Early atomic theories from scientists like Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. - Development of the periodic table from the work of scientists like Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev and others. - Differences between metals, non

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    Science Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Ingram Awatin
    5 views3 pages
    The document summarizes key concepts in chemistry including: - The particulate theory of matter which describes the states of solid, liquid, gas and plasma based on particle movement. - Extensive and intensive properties, and examples like color, odor, hardness. - Phase changes in matter including melting, boiling, freezing and others. - Subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, electrons and their roles in atoms. - Early atomic theories from scientists like Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. - Development of the periodic table from the work of scientists like Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev and others. - Differences between metals, non

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    SCIENCE REVIEWER

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    The document summarizes key concepts in chemistry including: - The particulate theory of matter which describes the states of solid, liquid, gas and plasma based on particle movement. - Extensive and intensive properties, and examples like color, odor, hardness. - Phase changes in matter including melting, boiling, freezing and others. - Subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, electrons and their roles in atoms. - Early atomic theories from scientists like Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. - Development of the periodic table from the work of scientists like Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev and others. - Differences between metals, non

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views3 pages

    Science Reviewer

    Uploaded by

    Ingram Awatin
    The document summarizes key concepts in chemistry including: - The particulate theory of matter which describes the states of solid, liquid, gas and plasma based on particle movement. - Extensive and intensive properties, and examples like color, odor, hardness. - Phase changes in matter including melting, boiling, freezing and others. - Subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, electrons and their roles in atoms. - Early atomic theories from scientists like Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford and Bohr. - Development of the periodic table from the work of scientists like Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev and others. - Differences between metals, non

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Particulate Theory of Matter

    Solid
    • Particles cannot move freely
    • Have definite size and shape
    Liquid
    • Free to move from one place to another
    • Don`t have definite shape
    Gas
    • Can move freely
    • Take the shape and size of the container
    Plasma
    • No definite shape
    • Molecules can freely move
    • Particles move quickly with electric charge
    Extensive Property
    • Depends on the amount of matter
    • volume , mass, weight, size and length
    Intensive Property
    • Does not depend on the mass
    Intensive Property
    Color - It refers to the pigment of a substance
    Odor - It refers to the smell of a substance
    Malleability - It refers to how an object can be hammered into thin sheets
    Luster - It refers to how matter reflects light
    Hardness - It is the measure of how matter can be scratched or dented
    Brittleness - It is the ability of the object to break apart or shatter easily
    Elasticity - It is the ability of the material to resume its shape after being stretched or
    compressed

    Phase Changes in Matter

    Physical Change - Matter changes form but not chemical identity


    Chemical Change - A chemical reaction occurs and new products are formed
    Melting - Solid to Liquid; Water = 0 °C
    Boiling - Liquid to Gas; Water = 100 °C
    Evaporation -Some liquid particles have enough energy to escape as a gas from the
    surface of the liquid
    Freezing (solidification) - LIquid to Solid
    Condensation - Gas to Liquid
    Sublimation - Solid substances changes directly into a gas without passing through
    liquid state
    Deposition - Change from gas to solid without passing through liquid state

    Subatomic Particles
    Atom - The basic unit of matter
    Neutrons - no charge; part of the nucleus
    Protons - positively charge; part of the nucleus
    Electron - negatively charge; surround the nucleus
    Atomic number - number of protons/electron
    =p+
    =e-
    Atomic mass -sum of protons and nucleus
    =p+n

    Atomic Theory and Scientists

    Democritus - First person to use the word “atom” from the greek word “Atomos”
    indestructible and indivisible particle
    Aristotle - Matter was made up of four natural elements
    John Dalton -He wrote in his book A New System of Chemical Philosophy; Proposed a
    modern theory of the atom
    Solid Sphere Mode - Atoms Are indivisible
    J.J Thomson - Plum Pudding Model
    Ernest Rutherford - Nuclear Model; Electrons orbiting in a path
    around the positive charges
    Niels Bohr - The Planetary Model; Electrons are arranged in concentric circular orbits
    around the nucleus.

    Periodic Table of Elements

    Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner - Arranged by the atomic weight; “Dobereiner Triads”


    Alexandre-Emile Béguyer de Chancourtois- Telluric Screw; “3D arrangement”
    John Newlands - “Law of Octave”
    Dmitri Mendeleev - Arranged the Periodic Table by increasing the atomic mass; Father
    of the Periodic Table
    Lother Meyer - Continued Dmitri’s work
    Henry Mosely - arranged in increasing atomic number
    Glenn Seaborg - Successfully synthesize

    Metal
    • usually solid
    • shiny and lustrous
    • Malleable
    • Good conductor of heat
    Non-Metal
    • Gas form
    • Brittle
    • Less Dense
    • Poor conductors of heat
    Metalloids
    • Dull or Shiny
    • Semiconductors

    Trends in the Periodic Table

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