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    EEMB 2 Study Sheet Midterm 1 W14

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    Paola Kall
    This document provides a study guide for an introductory ecology midterm examination. It lists 72 key terms that students should be able to define and discuss, organized into 12 topics. These include terms related to populations, communities, biogeography, succession, diversity, and models of population growth, competition, and predator-prey interactions. For the exam, students will need a working knowledge of the fundamental concepts and mathematical models in ecology as well as the ability to analyze ecological case studies and experiments.

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    EEMB 2 Study Sheet Midterm 1 W14

    Uploaded by

    Paola Kall
    48 views2 pages
    This document provides a study guide for an introductory ecology midterm examination. It lists 72 key terms that students should be able to define and discuss, organized into 12 topics. These include terms related to populations, communities, biogeography, succession, diversity, and models of population growth, competition, and predator-prey interactions. For the exam, students will need a working knowledge of the fundamental concepts and mathematical models in ecology as well as the ability to analyze ecological case studies and experiments.

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    EEMB 2 Study Sheet Midterm 1 W14

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    This document provides a study guide for an introductory ecology midterm examination. It lists 72 key terms that students should be able to define and discuss, organized into 12 topics. These include terms related to populations, communities, biogeography, succession, diversity, and models of population growth, competition, and predator-prey interactions. For the exam, students will need a working knowledge of the fundamental concepts and mathematical models in ecology as well as the ability to analyze ecological case studies and experiments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    48 views2 pages

    EEMB 2 Study Sheet Midterm 1 W14

    Uploaded by

    Paola Kall
    This document provides a study guide for an introductory ecology midterm examination. It lists 72 key terms that students should be able to define and discuss, organized into 12 topics. These include terms related to populations, communities, biogeography, succession, diversity, and models of population growth, competition, and predator-prey interactions. For the exam, students will need a working knowledge of the fundamental concepts and mathematical models in ecology as well as the ability to analyze ecological case studies and experiments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Study Sheet for Midterm I Examination

    EEMB 2 – Introductory Biology (Ecology)


    Winter 2014

    The information below is intended only to be a guide to your study for the midterm. In no way should you believe that this covers all
    the material. The information below, however, is crucial to your understanding of the material from the lecture. Review all material
    from the lecture up to the first midterm. The reading material from the book is supplemental to the lecture and will not be tested
    directly.

    Be able to provide a working definition and discuss the implications of the following terms:

    Abiotic factors Density – Independent Control Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model


    Abundance Dispersal Metapopulation
    Biogeographic region Disturbance Mutualism
    Biome Distribution Organism
    Biotic factors Ecology Predation
    Carrying capacity Ecosystem Predator-prey cycle
    Climate Exponential growth Population
    Commensalism Food web / chain Realized niche
    Community Fundamental niche Resource limitation
    Competition Habitat selection Shannon-Weaver diversity index
    Competition coefficient Herbivory Species richness and evenness
    Competitive exclusion principle Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Species Diversity
    Competitive release Intrinsic rate of growth Stable and Unstable Equilibrium
    Demographic factors Keystone predator Succession
    Density Logistic growth Transplant experiment
    Density – Dependent Control Lotka-Volterra competition model Trophic cascade

    1. Define Ecology? Distinguish the differences between biotic and abiotic factors and explain how they interact? Know the basic
    history of Ecology in regards to naming the scientists involved and identifying their major contribution to the field of Ecology.

    2. Identify the levels of biological organization and explain which of these levels ecology focuses on. Explain how the time and
    spatial scales differ between ecological scales and physiological scales of organization. Describe the four major sources of
    ecological evidence. Why do ecologists use statistics to evaluate their studies?

    3. Describe how biogeographic regions are classified. Define climate? Explain how solar energy input and the spin of the earth
    affect climate. Define a Biome and describe the factors that determine biome distributions? Can we predict large scale or small
    (local) scale distributions from climate?

    4. What can we infer if a transplant experiment is successful or unsuccessful? Describe the factors that limit distributions (dispersal,
    behavior, other species, physical / chemical factors) and be able to give specific examples of each (example: In the barnacle
    transplant experiment from point conception to UCSB, what was the limiting factor in its distribution?).

    5. Define competition and explain its forms (Intra / Inter, Interference / Exploitative). Explain competitive release. In Connell’s
    experiments describe the factors limiting the upper and lower distribution limits of Balanus, Chthamalus, and Thais in the
    intertidal zone. Describe the abiotic/biotic limiting factors to the distribution of goldfield flowers and explain why other plant
    species not occupy serpentine soils.

    6. Describe the four demographic factors (natality, mortality, immigration, emigration) and explain how they influence population
    density. Define population density and the methods used to measure it? Describe the exponential population growth model. Be
    able to define each of the terms and explain its dynamics. Be able to provide a simple mathematical solution if given values for (r)
    and (N).

    7. Define carrying capacity (K). Describe the logistic population growth model. Be able to define each of the terms and explain its
    dynamics. Be able to provide a simple mathematical solution if given values for (r), (N) and (K). Determine whether the logistic
    model is realistic? If not explain why? Explain density-dependent and density-independent control and give examples of each.
    Describe mutualism, commensalism, competition and predation in terms of their benefits at the population level and be prepared
    to recognize examples of each type of interaction.

    1
    8. Define a metapopulation and describe how it can lead to persistence of unstable populations? Describe a simple model of
    metapopulation dynamics. Be able to define each of the terms and explain its dynamics. Be able to provide a simple mathematical
    solution if given values for model parameters. Describe the possible outcomes predicted by this model?

    9. Describe the Lotka-Volterra model of interspecific competition. Be able to define each of the terms and explain its dynamics. Be
    able to provide a simple mathematical solution if given values for (r), (N), (K) (α) and (β). Define a competition coefficient?
    Identify the possible outcomes predicted by this model? Describe the outcomes of laboratory experiments designed to test these
    predictions. Describe the Principle of Competitive Exclusion (PCP)? Distinguish between a fundamental vs. a realized niche?
    Explain why the PCP does not always occur in natural systems?

    10. Describe the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model. Be able to define each of the terms and explain its dynamics. Be able to provide
    a simple mathematical solution if given values for model parameters. What are the possible outcomes predicted by this model?
    Explain the mechanisms responsible for the lynx- snowshoe hare cycle.

    11. Define species richness and evenness. Describe the Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index. Be able to define each of the terms and
    explain what community attributes it measures. Describe the intermediate disturbance hypothesis and explain how diversity is
    maintained? Explain the process of ecological succession and the concepts of r and K-selection.

    The following concepts will be covered in the final lecture:

    12. Explain how ongoing competition affect species diversity over short and long time scales? Define a keystone predator and how
    does it function to regulate community structure? Describe the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography. Be able to explain the
    consequences of immigration rate and extinction rate on species richness for islands that vary in size and distance from mainland
    sources of colonists. Describe the differences between the equilibrium and non-equilibrium hypotheses in regards to community
    organization and structure.

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