ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

VIP INTERNSHIP 2023

By

( NAME )

( ID )

INTERNSHIP REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

OCTOBER, 2023
 DECLARATION BY STUDENT
This research project is submitted as part of fulfilment for the award of a Higher National
Diploma in Programme Title: The work is a result of our investigation. All section of the
text and results which have been obtained from other works/sources are fully referenced. I
understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of Accra Technical University
and will be dealt with accordingly.

NAME SIGNATURE DATE

FIRST STUDENT’S NAME ……………… ………………

DECLARATION BY SUPERVISOR
I hereby confirm that the above students are HND students in the Department of
Accounting and Finance under my academic and research supervision in accordance to the
requirements in Accra Technical University. The students are currently in their final year of
study and they are expected to complete in 2023.

NAME SIGNATURE DATE

(TYPE NAME HERE) ……………… ………………
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I will take this opportunity to show my gratitude to everyone who made this project a
success. However, it will not have been possible without the kind support and help of my
classroom colleagues. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly
indebted to my Supervisor, HOD, Lecturer One, Lecturer Two etc. for their guidance and
constant supervision providing necessary information regarding the project and also their
support in completion. I will like to express my gratitude towards my mom for her kind
cooperation and encouragement which helped in the completion of this project.
 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Industrial attachment training is very essential for any electrical engineering student, at the
tertiary level, and at a place where they blend various engineering programs in their everyday
work. It is a well-structured skilled training program forming part of the approved academic
standard intended for students to involve themselves against practical, managerial and
experience that pertain in their area of studies. It also gives students the chance to solve real
world problems for their three years in school. Students have to spend their second semester
vacation going through the industrial attachment. Students are required to cumulatively spend
a minimum of six weeks on the practical industrial training in order to qualify as an
undergraduate.

1.2 OBJECTIVE OF INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT

 It exposes students to the realm of work both in private and public sector.
 It enables students to acquire more knowledge on how theories are applied
practically in an organization.
 To make contacts with prospective future employers.
 It helps students to adapt to different environs on how to learn and improve upon
their practical ethics.
 To enhance the good relationship between future employers and the University so
that they may contribute positively in bringing up competitive students for the job
market.

1.3 THE ORGANIZATION ACCRA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

By the provisions of the Technical University Act 2016 (Act 922) as amended, the University
is mandated to provide higher education in engineering, science and technology-based
disciplines, technical and vocational education and training applied arts and related
disciplines.

1.3.1 Brief history of Accra Technical University

 Established in 1949 as a Technical School and commissioned in 1957 as Accra Technical
Institute, Accra Technical University then (Accra Technical Institute) became the first
Technical University to be established. In 1963 the Institute assumed a new name as Accra
Polytechnic under the directions of President Dr. Kwame Nkrumah to be a key driver of the
country’s industrialization process. Following the operationalization of the PNDC Law of
1992 (PNDC 321) in 1993/1994, the Polytechnic gained tertiary recognition. The elevation
provided that the University under the Higher Education Council was vest with the
autonomy to award Higher National Diploma (HND) through the National Board for
Professional and Technical Examination (NABPTEX).
1.3.2 Vision of Accra Technical University
To be recognized as the top Technical University in Ghana, with strong regional influence
1.3.3 Mission of Accra Technical University
To advance technical knowledge by creating a conducive environment for applied
research, quality teaching and competency-based training, with a high impact on industry

and business creation.

1.3.4 Department

Electrical/Electronic Department

1.3.5 Major Activities

The electrical department major in
Control Systems
Power System
Telecommunication.
 CHAPTER TWO
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF NATURE OF WORK

2.1.1 Basic electronics

2.1.2 Domestic and Commercial Wiring

2.1.3 Satellites Installation

2.2 DETAILED ACCOUNT OF WORK PERFOMED

2.2.1 Basic electronics

2.2.2 Domestic and Commercial Wiring

2.2.3 Satellites Installation

2.3 GENERAL OBSERVATION

 CHAPTER THREE
3.1 NEW KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS ACQUIRED

I have acquired new skills in Electrical ring and intermediate wiring.

HOUSE WIRING.
 Wiring can be wired as shown below:

(1) Conduit (in for example, PVC pipes buried in walls and building ceilings.)

(2) Surface (on the surface of the building or in building ceilings. )

(3) Both conduit and Surface.

Two Types of Connections

When there are two or more electrical devices present in a circuit with an energy
source, there are a couple of basic means by which to connect them. They can be
connected in series or connected in parallel. Suppose that there are three light
bulbs connected together in the same circuit. If connected in series, then they are
connected in such a way that an individual charge would pass through each one of
the light bulbs in consecutive fashion. When in series, charge passes through
every light bulb. If connected in parallel, a single charge passing through the
external circuit would only pass through one of the light bulbs. The light bulbs are
placed within a separate branch line, and a charge traversing the external circuit
will pass through only one of the branches during its path back to the low
potential terminal. The means by which the resistors are connected will have a
major affect upon the overall resistance of the circuit, the total current in the
circuit, and the current in each resistor. In Lesson 4, we will explore the affect of
the type of connection upon the overall current and resistance of the circuit.

A common physics lab activity involves constructing both types of circuits with
bulbs connected in series and bulbs connected in parallel. A comparison and
contrast is made between the two circuits.

(4)
(5) The main questions of concern in a lab activity such as this are typically the
following:

(6) As the number of resistors (light bulbs) increases, what happens to the overall
current within the circuit?
 (7) As the number of resistors (light bulbs) increases, what happens to the overall
resistance within the circuit?
(8) If one of the resistors is turned off (i.e., a light bulb goes out), what happens
to the other resistors (light bulbs) in the circuit? Do they remain on (i.e., lit)?

In conducting the lab activity, distinctly different observations are made for the two types of
circuits. A series circuit can be constructed by connecting light bulbs in such a manner that
there is a single pathway for charge flow; the bulbs are added to the same line with no
branching point. As more and more light bulbs are added, the brightness of each bulb
gradually decreases. This observation is an indicator that the current within the circuit is
decreasing.

So for series circuits, as more resistors are added the overall current within the circuit
decreases. This decrease in current is consistent with the conclusion that the overall resistance
increases.

A final observation which is unique to series circuits is the affect of removing a bulb from a
socket. If one of three bulbs in a series circuit is unscrewed from its socket, then it is
observed that the other bulbs immediately go out. In order for the devices in a series circuit to
work, each device must work. If one goes out, they all go out. Suppose that all the appliances
in a household kitchen were all connected in series. In order for the refrigerator to work in
that kitchen, the toaster oven, dishwasher, garbage disposal and overhead light would all have
to be on. In order for one device in series to work, they all must work. If current is cut from
any one of them, it is cut from all of them. Quite obviously, the appliances in the kitchen are
not connected in series.
 ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS
SWITCHES

SOCKET OUTLETS
 SIGNALING SYSTEM OUTLETS

LIGHTING OUTLETS
LIGHTING CIRCUITS
SOCKET CIRCUITS
 UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION

PANEL BOARDS, SWITCH BOARDS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT.

RECOMMENDED LIGHT RATINGS FOR LIGHTING MEDIUM SIZED HOMES
Location Watts
Living room 150-200
Passages 60
Stairs 60
Landing 60
Writing table 100
Sewing table 150
Dining room 150
Kitchen 200
Bedrooms 100-150
Mirror 2×60
Bathroom 100
Garage 150

1
The above powers refer to tungsten filament lamps. If fluorescent lamps are used, from to
3
1
the above power rating will be required.
2
1
To prevent the risk of under designing, use the upper limit i.e. of the above powers.
2

MINIMUM NUMBER OF SOCKET OUTLETS

Room Number of outlets
Kitchen 3
Living room 4
Dining room 2
 Double/Master 3
bedroom
Single 2
bedroom
Study bedroom 2
Study 2
Garage 1
Store 1

A two-gang outlet is counted as two socket outlets. The IEE regulations recommend that the
minimum height of a socket outlet above the base floor or a working surface should be 15cm.

Earthing

The earth is made up of materials that are electrically conductive. A fault

current will flow to 'earth' through the live conductor, provided it is earthed.
This is to prevent a potentially live conductor from rising above the safe level.
All exposed metal parts of an electrical installation or electrical appliance must
be earthed.

The main objectives of the earthing are to:

1) Provide an alternative path for the fault current to flow so that it will not
endanger the user

2) Ensure that all exposed conductive parts do not reach a dangerous

potential

3) Maintain the voltage at any part of an electrical system at a known value

so as to prevent over current or excessive voltage on the

appliances or equipment.

The qualities of a good earthing system are:

1) Must be of low electrical resistance

 2) Must be of good corrosion resistance

3) Must be able to dissipate high fault current repeatedly

Electricity is the most common form of energy that is used by man in his
premises. It is beneficial to us as a source of lighting and power Electricity
could be dangerous through misuse and handling as it could cause harm to
the consumer. If the electricity passes through a human body, the person will
suffer electric shock and burns. It could also cost damage to properties. The
main causes of electrical accidents are:

A) Lack of maintenance

B) Failure or lack of earthing

C) Unsafe and carelessness operating procedures

D) Electrical wiring and equipment's physical form could have been damaged

E) Incorrectly connected wires and other mistakes are usually caused by

ignorance or negligence

Electric shock

There are two possible ways one can get electric shock. They are dire
contact and indirect contact.

The severity of an electric shock is determined by the amount of

Current flowing through the body. The effects of the electric shock can be
very dangerous. It may even prove fatal.

Here are the results:

~ 1mA - 2mA No harmful effects

~ 5mA - 10mA Painful and burning sensation

~ 10mA - 15mA Muscular contraction

~ 20mA - 30mA Impairs breathing or having breathing difficulties

 ~ 40mA and above Ventricular fibrillation or death

SATELLITE INSTALLATION

THREE MAIN TYPES OF ORBIT FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS:

• Geostationary Earth Orbit (GSO): 90% of the time, Geostationary Earth Orbit satellites
will be the object of your
attention. They are a long way from earth (22,237 miles) but they appear stationary when
seen from the Earth’s
surface. A signal takes about a quarter of a second to do a round trip from the Earth to the
satellite and then
back to Earth, so there is a noticeable voice delay.
• Non-Geostationary (NGSO)
• Polar
GSO - ORBITAL SLOTS:
The location of a satellite is called an orbital slot. The orbital slot is measured in degrees of
longitude from the
Greenwich Meridian.
LEO
PICTURES TAKEN DURING THE PRACTICAL TRAINING
 ELECTRICAL RING WIRING Fig. 3.1

ELECTRICAL INTERMEDIATE SWITCHING Fig. 3.2

 MAXIMUM OF TEN (10) PICTURES

3.2 CONTRIBUTION BY STUDENT TO IMPROVE THE ORGANIZATION

 CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 CONCLUSION

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

I recommend that industrial attachment should be made compulsory to all tertiary

Students to understand practically what they are thought in school and also extend the time

frame involve.