Electric flux' Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infnitely

SYLLABUS FOR NEET (UG) - 2024 long uniformly charged

UNIT 6: GRAVITATION straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell.
Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole
PHYSICS The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and and system of chargesl
potential diference, Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential
depth. Kepler's law oi planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. eneigy ofa system of two poinl
UNIT I: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT Escape velocity, Motion ofa satellite, orbital velocity, time period and energy ofsatellite.
charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field.

Units of measurements. System of Units, , S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count. conductors and insulators. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors
UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS and capacitances,, the
significant figures, Errors in measurements , Dimensions of Physics quantities. dimensional combination ofcapacitors in series and parallel, capacitance
ofa parallel plate capacitor with and
analysis, and its applications. Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus, bulk modulus, without dielectric medium bet*'een the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.
modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a tluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Effect of
UNIT 2: KI\EMATICS UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY
gravity on fluid pressure.
Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility and their relation *ith
lhe franre of reference, motion in a straight line. Position- time graph. speed and velocitl: Viscosity. Stokes' law. terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow.critical velocity electric current.. Ohm,s law.
Electrical resistance.. v-l characteristics of ohmic and non-ohmic
Unifonn and non-uniform motion. average speed and instantaneous velocity. unilbrmlv Bemoulli's principle and its applications. conductors. Electrical energy
and power' Electrical resistiviry and conductivity. Series and parallel
accelerated motion. velocity-time, position-time graph, relations lor uniformly accelerated combinations of resistors;
Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, Temp¤rature dependence of resistance.
motioir- Scalars and Vectors. Vector. Addition and subtraction, , scalar and vector products. Unit
application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal
Vector. Resolution of a Vcctor. Relative Velocity. Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion. Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a cell,
Unifbrm expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat tansfer- a combination of cells in series and
Circular Motion. parallel. Kirchhoffs raws and their applications. wheatstone
conduction, convection, and radiation. bridge. Metre Bridge.
UNIT3: LAWS OF MOTION UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS UNIT 13: MAGNETIC ETFECTS oF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM
Force and inertia, Ne*'ton's First law of motion: Momentum, Newton,s Second Law of motion, Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular
loop. Ampere,s larv and its
Impulses: Ne*ton's Third Lar,v of motion. I-aw of conservation of linear momentum and its intemal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire
and solenoid. Fo."e on a moving
applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.
The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.
Static and Kinetic flriction, larvs of friction. rolling friction. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform
UhITT 9: KIIIETIC THEORY OF GASES magnetic field. The force between two parallel
currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque
experienced by a current loop in a
Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level Equation of state of a perfect gas, rvork done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases - uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity,
and conversion to ammeter and
circular road. vehicle on a banked road. assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas voltmeter.
molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition ofenergy and applications to specific heat
UNIT 4: WORK, BNERGY, AND POWER Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic
capacities ofgases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number. dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies. work-energy solenoid. magnetic field lines; Magnetic fierd due
to a magneric dipole (bar magnet) arong its
UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AI\D WAVES axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic
theorem, power. dipole in a unifor- .ugn.,i" field. para-
Oscillations and periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples,
effect of temperu,*. on.Jgn.,ic properties.
'
The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy. conservative and non- Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a UNIT I4: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTI,N AND ALTERNATING
conservative forces; motion in a vertical circle: Elastic and inelastic collisions
in one and trvo spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; .URRENTS
dimensions. Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced
Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period: emf and cunent: Lenz,s Law, Eddy currents.
Self and mutuar inductance. Artemating cunents, peak
UNITS: ROTATIONAL MOTION and RMS varue of altemating current/
Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of travelling wave. Displacement voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series ci.cuit,
,esonance: power in AC circuits, wattless
Centue of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body: Basic concepts relation for a progressive wave. Principle ofsuperposition ofwaves, reflection ofwaves. Standing current. AC generator and transformer.
of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics- Beats. UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
of angular
momentum and its applications;
UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and
their characteristics, Transverse nature of
The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia Electric charges: Conservation ofcharge. Coulomb's law forces between two point charges, forces electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio
forsimple geometrical waves, microwaves, infrared, visibre,
objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems. and their applications. between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications
Equitibrium of rigid of e.m. waves.
bodies. rigid body rotation and equations ofrotational motion comparison
oflinear and rotational UNIT l6: OPTICS
motions.
,
Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field
due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field' Reflection of light, spherical minors, morror formura.
Refraction of right at prane and sphericar
surfaces, thin lens formula and lens maker formura.
Totar intemal reflection and its applications.

I ;: ---7 3
za- -.1
2
->
 15. Refractive index ofa glass slab usinq a travelling microscope.
. Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light to. characteristic cun'es of a p-njunction diode in forward and reverse bias. CHEMISTRY
tkough a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their tz. characteristic cun'es ofa Zener diode and finding reverse break
down voltage. PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
magnifying powers. ta- Identificatic'n of Di.de. LED,. Resistor. A capacitor from
a mixed collection of such items
UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws ofreflection and refraction using Huygens
principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element. and
sources, and sustained interFerence of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central compound:: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and moleculat masses, mole concept, molar
maximum.. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster's law, uses of plane-polarized light and mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations and
Polaroid. stoichiometry.

TIN!T I?: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION UNIT 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr
photoelectric equation: particle nature oflight. Matter wbves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie model ofa hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation ofthe relations for the energy ofthe electron
relation.. and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of r,latter, de Broglie's
relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas ofquantum mechanics, quantum
UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI of atomic
mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, its important features. Concept
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels' orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation ofY and Y2 with r for ls and
2s orbitals:
hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass various
defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.
quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, arrd magnetic quantum numbers) and their
Rules for
UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES slgnificance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number:
filling electrons in orbitis Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule,
-
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals'
electronic configuration of elements, extra
rectifier; I-V characteristics ofLED. the photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as
a voltage regulator.. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR). UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDINC AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
covalent bonds'
UNIT 20: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and

Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic
bonds;
Familiarity with the basic approach and observations ofthe experiments and activities:
r. Vemier calipers-its use to measure the intemal and extemal diameter and depth of a vessel. calculation of lattice enthalPY.
z. Screw gauge-its use to determine thicknesV diameter ofthin sheet/wire' covalent Bonding: concept of electronegativity. Fajan's rule, dipole moment:
valence Shell
r. Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude ElectronPairRepulsion(VSEPR)theoryandshapesofsimplemolecules.
and time.
bonding: Valence bond theory - its important f'eatures.
l. Metre Scale - the mass of a given object by the principle of moments' Quantum mechanical approach to covalent
the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance'
s. Young's modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire'
o. Surf ace tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents, Molecular orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAOs, 'types of molecular orbitals
of
z. Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a
given (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configuralions
length, and bond energy'
spherical bodY' homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept ofbond order, bond
a. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube,
Elementaryideaofmetallicbonding.Hydrogenbondingandisapplications.
s. Specific heat capacity ofa given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
t0. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge' UNIT 4: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
t t. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law' and intensive properties'
Fundamentals of thermodynamics: system and surroundings, extensive
t2. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by halfdeflection method.
state functions, types of processes'
tr. The focal len4h of;
(i) Convex mirror The first lew of thermodynamics - concept of work, heat intemal energy and enthalpy, heat
(ii) Concave mirror, and capacity,molarheat.up*ity;Hess,slawofconstantheatsummation;Enthalpiesofbond
(i0

r
Convex lens, using the parallax method.
tl. The plot ofthe angle ofdeviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism'

7 f
{ \ 6
 dissociation, combustion' formation, atomization. Quantitative analysis (basic principres onry) -
sublimation. phase transition, hydration. Estimation of carbon. hydrogen. nitrogen.
ionization. and solution. reactions. their characteristics and half-lives, the el'fect of temperature on the rate oi reactions. halogens. sulphur. phosphorus.
Arrhenius theory. activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous
The second raw of thermodynamics - Spontaneity calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae:
of processes: AS ofthe universe and AC of reactions (no derivation). Numerical oroblems in organic
the system as criteria for spontaneity. AG" (Standard'Gibbs quantitalive anall,sis.
energy change) and equiribrium
constant. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT I4:SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF oRGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT 5: SOLUTIONS UNIT 9: CLASSITICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES Tetra\ralency of carbon: Shapes of simple morecules -
hybridization (s and p): crassification of
periodic
Different methods for expressing the concentration
of sorution - morarity, molarity, more fraction. Modem periodic law and present form ofthe periodic table. s, p. d and fblock elements- organic compounds based on f,nctional groups: and those
containing haloge( o*yg"n. nit.og"n.
gain
percentage (by volume and mass both),
the vapour pressure ofsolutions and Raoult,s trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii. ionization enthalpy, electron and sulphur; Homorogous series: Isomerism - structural
and stereoisomerism.
and.non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, law - Ideal
plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions: enthalp)'. valence. oxidation states. and chemical reactivity' '
Nomenclature (Trivial and IUpAC)
colligative properties of dirute sorutions - a rerative
lowering of vapour pressure, depression
freezing point' the elevation of.boiring point or UNIT IO: P- BLOCK ELEMENTS Col'aient bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free
anJ o.,,o,i|'p."rrr..; Determination of morecurar radicals. carbocations.
"- " *.
and carbanions:
mass using colligative properties; Abnormal stability ofcarbocations and free radicals. electiophires.
significance.
uutr" or .it* mass, van,t Hoff factor and its Group -13 to GrouP 18 Elements una nr.t.opiir...
and chemical Electronic displacement in a covalent bond
General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical
UNIT 6: EQUILIBRIUM of the first
properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour - Inductive efl'ect, electromeric efl.ect. resonance. and
hyperconjugation.
Meaning of equilibrium, the concept element in each grouP.
of dynamic equilibrium. Common types of organic reactions- Substitution.
addition. eliminatioir, and rearranqement.
Equilibria invorving physicar processes: SolidJiquid,
liquid - gas and sorid_gas equiribria,
UNIT ll: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
UNITS 15: HYDROCARBONS
Henry,s law. Ceneral characreristlcs
of equilib.lr,, i,ir"fri"i pirriiJ#*.rl*- Transition Elements
Classification' isomerism. IUpAC nomenclature, general
Equiribrium invorving chemicar processes: general trends in methods of preparation, properties, and
Law of chemicar equiribrium, equiribrium General introduction, electronic configuration, occulrence and characteristics, reactions.
constants (K, and K") and their significance, enthalpy, oxidation
the significance of aG properties ofthe first.row transition elements - physical properties, ionization
equiribrium, factors affecting equirib--rium -j oc" in chemical
.or."n,rrtion, pressure, temperature, states. atomic radii. colour. catalytic behaviour. magnetic properties, complex formation. Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections
(of ethane): Mechanism
catalyst; Le Chatelier,s principle. the effect of halogenation of alkanes. oi
interstitialcompounds.alloyfbrmation:Preparation,properties,andusesofKzCrzol.and
Ionic equiribrium: weak. and strong KMnOr. Alkenes - Geornetrical isomerism: Mechanism
electroryes, ioni-ation of erectroryes, of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen.
acids and bases 1461"nius. Brons-ted various concepts of halogens, water. hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs '"Oronofysis
- Lorvry ira twis; and their ionization, acid-base lnner Transition Elements and peroxide and
equilibria (incruding murtistage ionization) poll merization.
-i i*i*ion ionirrtn of water. pH
"ff".tt,
of sar,, *Jpn or,r,"i. "o**o, Lanthanoids-Electronicconfiguration,oxidationstates,andlanthanoidcontraction.
scale, common ion ef;fecr, hvdrorysis
soluble salts and solubiliry produ;m,
*rrti";;,;;;;;lii,y l of sparingry
Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen.
halogens. water. and hydrogen harides:
butrer s;l;;;;. Actinoids - Electronic contiguration and oxidation states' Polymerization.
UNIT N REDOX REACTIONS AI{D ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Electronic concepts of oxidation UNIT l2: CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature. benzene
assigning oxidation number, balancing
il-.";;;;;;1.x reactions, oxidation number, rules
for electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.
- structure and aromaticitl,: Mechanism of
of redo;;";;"^. Introductiontocoordinationcompounds.Wemer,stheory;ligands,coordinationnumber.
co-ordination compounds' isomerism:
Electrolltic and metallic conduction, conductance denticity. chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear Friedel - craft's alkylation and acylation,
directive influence of the tunctional group
in electrolyic solutions, molar conductivities Bonding.ValencebondapproachandbasicideasofCrystaltieldtheory,colourandmagnetic substituted benzene. in mono-
and their variation with concentration:
Kohlrausch,. lu* ana its applications. properties; lmportance oico-ordination compounds
(in qualitative analysis. extraction of metals
Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic UNIT l6: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING
and Galvanic cells, different types and in biological sYstems)' HALOGENS
potentials including standard- of electrodes, erectrode
electrode potentit;ari- celr and General methods ofpreparation, properties,
and reactions; Nature of C_X bond:
cell and its measurement: Nemst cerr reacrions, emf of a Garvanic
il L ;;;;;;'ffi;:il;'ob"t*".n substitution reactions. Mechanisms ol
potentiar and Gibbs' energy "q,ation
change: o.y *Ji""Jaccumurator; Fuel cers.
... ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
""ir Uses; Environmental effects ofchloroform,
UNIT 8: CHEMICAL KINETICS iodoform lieons, and DDT
OF ORGANIC COMPOIJNDS
UNIT 13: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION UNIT 17: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING
Rate ofa chemical reaction, factors OXYGEN
affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, Purification - Crystallization. sublimarion' distillation, differential extraction, and
pressure' and catalyst: elementary temperature. General methods ofpreparation, properties,
rate law, rate constant and its
and compiex ,"J.^, and morecurariry of reactions. chromatography - principles and their applications'
reactions, and uses.
units, airrei"ntiui ".0a,
arJ'i*.*, ALCOHOLS, PIIENOLS, anyp g1116p5
forms of zero and first-order sulphur' phosphorus' and halogens
Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen,

\ --:
\
z
\--i-

I
1
8 S
'7
9
 The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises Acids. bases and the
Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration. ' acid vs KMnO+. Mohr's salt vs KMnO.r
- use of indicators. oxalic- Bl()t.()(;\
Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation. nitration and r Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:
sulphonation. Reimer - Tiemann reaction. pb2+. cu2+.
cations - Alr*, Fe3*. zn2r, Ni2*, c02*, Ba2*, Mg2-. NHi UNIT l: Diversity in Living World
Ethers: Structure.
Anions- COj-, SL.SO|-. \o3'. No2-, CI-, Br-. I-( Insoluble salts excluded). . What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics;
Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >c:o group'
Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature;
addition Chemical principles involved in the follorving experiments:
relative reactivities ofaldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic . Five kingdom classification: salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and
reactions (addition of HCN. NH:. and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction l. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO,r
Fungi into major groups: Lichensl Viruses and Viroids.
(wolf Kishner and clemmensen); the acidity of cr.-hydrogen. aldol condensatiorl canniz.zaro 2. Enthalpy of neutralization ofsrrong acid and strong base. .
Ketones' salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes,
reaction. Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and
3. Preparation oflyophilic and lyophobic Pteridophyres, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing featues and at
sols.
CarboxYlic Acids least two examples of each category);
4. Kineric study of the reaction oriodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at
Acidic strength and factors affecting it' room temDerature. . Salient features and classification ofanimals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate
up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples)'
UNIT I8: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
General methods ofpreparation. Properties, reactions, and uses'
UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
of
Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification . Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of
primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character'
flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inllorescence- cymose and recemose, flower' fruit
Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry' and seed 1To be dealt along with the relevant practical ofthe Practical Syllabus)
Family
(malvaceae, Cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae)'
UNIT 19: BIOMOLECULES
. Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems
(digestive,
General introduction and importance olbiomolecules' circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (Frog)'
(Brief account

CARBOHYDRATES - classitication; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and onlY)

(sucrose, lactose, and maltose)'
fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides

PRoTEINS.ElementaryIdeaofo.anrinoacids,peptidebond,polypeptides.Proteins:primary. UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function

secondary, tertiary, and quatemary structure (qualitative i<Iea
only), denaturation of proteins'
cell;
enzymes. cell theory and cell as the basic unit oflife; Structure ofprokaryotic and eukaryotic
Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope' cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles-
VITAMINS - Classillcation and functions' structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum' Golgi
bodies'
lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies;
Cytoskeleton'
NUCLEIC ACIDS - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA'
Nucleus-nuclear membrane'
cilia flag"lla centrioles (ultra structure and function);
Biological functions of nucleic acids' chromatin, nucleolus.
of proteins,
Hormones (General introduction) chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function
action'
carbodydrates. lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-rypes, properties' enzyme
UNIT 20: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAI, CHEMISTRY classification and nomenclature of anzymes
Detectionofextraelements(Nilrogen,sulphur,halogens)inorganiccompounds;Detectionof B Cetl division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance'
phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and
the following functional g.oup., hydro*yi ialcoholic and
ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic cotnpounds'

o The chemistry involved in the preparation ofthe following: UNIT 4: Plant PhYsiologr
Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic
. nutrition; Site of
Inoiganic compounds: Mohr's salt. potash alum' (Elementary-.idea);
photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis
yellor'r" iodoform' and non cyclic and
Organic compounds: Acetanilide. p-r'itro acetanilide' aniline Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic

7 lt
l() ll
 photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hlpothesis; photorespiration c3 and c4 Microbes in hurnan r^.'ellare: In househ.ld tbod processing, lrdustrial production,
pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis. IINIT 6: Reproduction sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
' Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis. fermentation (anaerobic),
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and
TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number ofATp tiNIT 9: Bi<rtechnologl and lts A.pplir:ations
molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient. female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices;
Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of
' Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant gowth and plant endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes- Princrples and process of Biote:hnologl: Gerietic engineering (Recornbinant DNA
growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation. technology).
redifferentiation; Sequence ofdevelopmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators-
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of Application of Biotechnology rn hcalth and agnculture: Human insulin and vaccine
auxin, gibberellin, cy.tokinin, ethylene, ABA;
testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; proi.iuction, gens therapyi Cienbtically modified :organisms-Br crops: Transgenic
UNIT 5: Human Physiolog;r Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation: Pregnancy Animalsl Biosalety issues-Biopirac;r and patents.
and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation
' Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animars (reca onry); Respiratory
(Elementary idea). UNIT l0: Ecolog. and Environment
system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange
of
gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory
volumes; Disorders Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually ' organisms and environrnentPopulation intemctions-mutualism, competition..predation,
related to respiration-Asthm4 Emphysema, Occupational respiratory
disorders.
transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and parasitisml Populaticn attributes-growth. birth rate ad death rate, age distnburion.
Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; lnfertility and assisted
' Body fluids and circulation: composition ofblood, blood groups, coagulation
ofbrood; reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Ecosystem: Pattems, components; produchvitv aud decomposition: Energy flow:
composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-structure Pyramids of number, biomass. energy
of human
heart and blood vessers; cardiac cycle, cardiac output. ECc. Doubre
circulation; Biodiversity and its conservation: concepr of Biodiversity; patterns of Biodiversity:
Regulation ofcardiac activity; Disorders ofcircuratory system-Hypertension, IJMT 7: Genetics and Evolution
coronary Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversityr Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots,
artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure. . Heredity and variation: Mendelian lnheritance; Deviations from Mendelism- endangered organisms. extinction; Red Data Book. biosphere resen'es, National parks
' Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-
Ammonotelism, Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.
ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction;
Urine groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of
formation, osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-l-n humans' birds, honey bee;
Atrial
Natriuretic Factor' ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other orgais
in excretion; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia colour blindness;
Disorders; Uraemia, Renal fairure, Renal carcuri, Nephritis; Diarlsis
and artificial Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans;
kidney. Down's syndrome, Tumer's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
' Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- c iary, fiagelrar,
muscular; Skeletal . Moleculat basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic
muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal
system and its functions material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central
(To be dealt with the relevant practical of practical sylrabus);
Joints; Disorders of dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac
muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular
dystrophy, Arthritis, Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein
Osteoporosis, Gout.
biosynthesis.
' Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous
system in humanscentral . Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution
nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral
nervous system; Generation and from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence);
conduction of nerve impulse;
Darwin,s contribution, Modem Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution-
' chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and
hormones; Human Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of
endocrine system-Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, Thyroid, parathyroid,
Adrenal,
natural selection; cene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-weinberg's principle; Adaptive
Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism ofhormone action (Elementary Radiation; Human evolution.
ldea); Role ofhormones
as messengers and regurators, Hypo-and hyperactivity
and rerated disorders (common
disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter,
exopthalmic goiter, diabetes,
Addison's disease). UNIT 8: Biology' and Human Welfare
(lmp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be
deolt in brief.) Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis,
Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue,
chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS;
Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.Tobacco abuse

\- \-F_=__E-Z
\-=-:--_E--7 l5
1J
1 l{