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    Gyro Compass On Ship

    Uploaded by

    Septian Pratama
    A gyro compass uses a fast-spinning gyroscope and electrical components to detect true north independently of magnetic north. It consists of a master compass containing the gyroscope, repeater compasses that receive the north reading electrically, and other components like a course recorder and control panel. The gyroscope seeks and maintains alignment with the Earth's axis due to gyroscopic inertia and precession effects from Earth's rotation. Errors in the reading can occur from ship speed and course but are now often corrected using GPS data. Modern designs replace mechanical parts with ring laser gyroscopes for improved accuracy.

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    Gyro Compass On Ship

    Uploaded by

    Septian Pratama
    39 views4 pages
    A gyro compass uses a fast-spinning gyroscope and electrical components to detect true north independently of magnetic north. It consists of a master compass containing the gyroscope, repeater compasses that receive the north reading electrically, and other components like a course recorder and control panel. The gyroscope seeks and maintains alignment with the Earth's axis due to gyroscopic inertia and precession effects from Earth's rotation. Errors in the reading can occur from ship speed and course but are now often corrected using GPS data. Modern designs replace mechanical parts with ring laser gyroscopes for improved accuracy.

    Original Title

    GYRO COMPASS ON SHIP

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    A gyro compass uses a fast-spinning gyroscope and electrical components to detect true north independently of magnetic north. It consists of a master compass containing the gyroscope, repeater compasses that receive the north reading electrically, and other components like a course recorder and control panel. The gyroscope seeks and maintains alignment with the Earth's axis due to gyroscopic inertia and precession effects from Earth's rotation. Errors in the reading can occur from ship speed and course but are now often corrected using GPS data. Modern designs replace mechanical parts with ring laser gyroscopes for improved accuracy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views4 pages

    Gyro Compass On Ship

    Uploaded by

    Septian Pratama
    A gyro compass uses a fast-spinning gyroscope and electrical components to detect true north independently of magnetic north. It consists of a master compass containing the gyroscope, repeater compasses that receive the north reading electrically, and other components like a course recorder and control panel. The gyroscope seeks and maintains alignment with the Earth's axis due to gyroscopic inertia and precession effects from Earth's rotation. Errors in the reading can occur from ship speed and course but are now often corrected using GPS data. Modern designs replace mechanical parts with ring laser gyroscopes for improved accuracy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Gyro Compass on Ships: Construction,

    Working, and Usage


    By Soumyajit Dasgupta | In: Marine Navigation | Last Updated on December 11, 2020

    A Gyro compass is a form of gyroscope, used widely on ships employing an electrically


    powered, fast-spinning gyroscope wheel and frictional forces among other factors
    utilising the basic physical laws, influences of gravity and the Earth’s rotation to find
    the true north.

    Construction
    Gyro compass has become one indispensable instrument in almost all merchant
    ships or naval vessels for its ability to detect the direction of true north and not the
    magnetic north. It is comprised of the following units:

    • Master Compass: Discovers and maintains the true north reading with
    the help of gyroscope.

    • Repeater Compasses: Receive and indicate the true direction


    transmitted electrically from the Master Compass.

    • Course Recorder: Makes a continuous record of the manoeuvring on a


    moving strip of paper.

    • Control Panel: Governs the electrical operation of the system and


    ascertains the running condition by means of a suitable meter.

    • Voltage Regulator: Maintains constant supply of the ship to the motor-


    generator.

    • Alarm Unit: Indicates failure of the ship’s supply.

    • Amplifier Panel: Controls the follow-up system.

    • Motor Generator: Converts the ship’s DC supply to AC and energizes


    the Compass equipment.
    Gyro compasses are linked to the repeater compasses via one transmission system.
    The fast-spinning rotor attached weighs from 1.25 pounds to 55 pounds. It is driven
    thousands of revolutions per minute by another electric motor. However, the most
    essential part in a Gyro compass system is the spinning wheel, which is known as the
    Gyroscope.

    Working
    External magnetic fields which deflect normal compasses cannot affect Gyro
    compasses. When a ship alters its course the independently driven framework called
    ‘Phantom’ moves with it, but the rotor system continues to point northward. This lack
    of alignment enables it to send signal to the driving motor, which moves the phantom
    step in with the rotor system again in a path where the phantom may have crossed
    only a fraction of a degree or several degrees of the compass circle. As soon as they
    are aligned, electrical impulses are sent by the phantom to the repeater compasses
    for each degree it traverses.
    The Gyroscope in the Gyrocompass is mounted in such a way so that it can move
    freely about three mutually perpendicular axes and is controlled as to enable its axis
    of spin settled parallel with the true meridian, influenced by the Earth’s rotation and
    gravity.

    The Gyro compass system applications are based upon two fundamental
    characteristics, which are:

    • Gyroscopic Inertia: The tendency of any revolving body to uphold its


    plane of rotation.

    • Precession: A property that causes the gyroscope to move, when a


    couple is applied. But instead of moving in the direction of the couple, it
    moves at right angles to the axis of the applied couple and also the
    spinning wheel.

    These two properties and the utilization of the Earth’s two natural forces, rotation and
    gravity, enacts the Gyrocompass seek true north. Once settled on the true meridian
    the rotor indefinitely will remain there as long as the electrical supply of the ship
    remains constant and unaltered and unaffected by external forces.

    Usage and Errors


    Gyro compasses are pre-eminently used in most ships in order to detect true north,
    steer, and find positions and record courses. But due to the ship’s course, speed and
    latitude, there could appear some steaming errors. It has been found that on Northerly
    courses the Gyro compass north is slightly deflected to the West of the true meridian
    whereas on Southerly courses it is deflected to the East.

    Modern ships use a GPS system or other navigational aids feed data to the
    Gyrocompass for correcting the error. An orthogonal triad of fibre optic design and
    also ring laser gyroscopes which apply the principles of optical path difference to
    determine rate of rotation, instead of depending upon mechanical parts, may help
    eliminate the flaws and detect true north.

    You may also like to read-Automatic Identification System (AIS) & The Importance of
    Vessel Tracking System

    References: navis, towage-salvage, hnsa, https://www.marineinsight.com

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