Competency Based Learning

Materials

Sector : AGRIFISHERY
Qualification Title : AGRICULTURAL CROPS
PRODUCTION NC II
Unit of Competency : PLANT CROPS

Module Title : PLANTING CROPS

SANKANAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SANKANAN, MANOLO FORTICH, BUKIDNON

SENIOR HIGH TVL- AGRIFISHERY

EDUCATION PROGRAM

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING

MATERIALS
Welcome to the module in “Performing land preparation and
planting of agricultural crops”. This module contains training materials
and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “Plant Crops" contains knowledge, skills and
attitudes required for Agricultural Crops Production NC II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order
to complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome
there are Information Sheets, Self-Checks, Task Sheet and Job Sheets.
Follow these activities on your own. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to
ask your facilitator for assistance.
 The goal of this course is the development of practical skills. To gain
these skills, you must learn basic concepts and terminologies. For the most
part, you'll get this information from the Information Sheets and TESDA
Website, www.tesda.gov.ph
This module is prepared to help you achieve the required competency,
in "Planting Crops ".
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge
and skills in this particular competency independently and at your own
pace, with minimum supervision or help from your instructor.
Remember to:
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
 Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
Your trainer is there to support you and show you the correct way to
do things.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
in your respective laboratory. Make sure you practice your new skills
during regular training schedule. This way you will improve both your
speed and memory and also your confidence.
 Use the Self-checks, Job Sheets at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
 When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask
your Trainer to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be
recorded in your Progress Chart and Achievement Chart.
 You need to complete this module before you can move on to the next
module

Agricultural Crops Production NC II

List of Competencies

No. Unit of Module Title

Code
Competency
AFF 610301
1. Perform Nursery Performing
Date Developed: Document No.
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Production NC II
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 Nursery
Operations
Operations

AFF 610302
2. Plant crops Planting crops

Caring and
Care and AFF 610303
3. maintaining
maintain crops
crops

Carry-out Carrying-out
harvest and harvest and AFF 610304
4.
postharvest postharvest
operation operation

Date Developed: Document No.

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Production NC II
Page 3 of 35
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 MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : PLANT CROPS

MODULE TITLE : PLANTING CROPS

MODULE DESCRIPTOR:

This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to

conduct activities related to land preparation and planting of agricultural
crops. This unit also includes proper handling of seeds/seedlings/saplings
for planting and transplanting, proper use of tools and equipment, conduct
land preparation and field lay-out.

NOMINAL DURATION: 65 hours

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this module you MUST be able to:
1. Prepare land for planting
2. Conduct field lay-out
3. Dig Holes
4. Perform direct seeding
5. Transplant Seedlings

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Tools, materials and equipment are prepared for land clearing
2. The land is cleared according to prescribed methods of land
preparation
3. Debris are removed and disposed according to waste management
standards.
4. Soil samples are collected for analysis based on standard procedure
5. Land preparation is conducted according to crop requirement.
6. Basal fertilizer is applied based on crop requirement
7. Safety procedures for fertilizer application is followed according to
OSHS
8. Tools and materials are prepared for field lay-out.
9. Interpret field lay-out plan according to the recommended planting
system.
10. Field is laid-out according to recommended planting system
11. Diggings of holes are performed based on crop requirement.
12. Top soil is separated to be used in covering the hole after planting.
13. Basal fertilizer application is performed based on recommended
amount.
14. Seeds are planted according to recommended rate, distance and
depth
15. Replanting are timely done according to recommended practices for a
particular crop
16. Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (OSHS) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)
17. Handling of seedlings from nursery is performed based on prescribed
practices.
18. Transplanting of seedlings is done based on crop practices
19. Re-bagging is done for a particular crop requirement
20. Replanting is timely done based on planting protocol.
21. Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety and
Health Standards (OSHS) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
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Production NC II
Page 5 of 35
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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
Learning Outcome 1
CONTENTS:

1. Handling of seedlings.
2. Transplanting of seedlings
3. Re-bagging
4. Second replanting activities
5. Second replanting activities
GAP standards by BAFPS

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Handling of seedlings from nursery is performed based on
prescribed practices.
2. Transplanting of seedlings is done based on crop practices
3. Re-bagging is done for a particular crop requirement
4. Replanting is timely done based on planting protocol.
5. Safety procedures are followed according to Occupational Safety
and Health Standards (OSHS) and Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

CONDITIONS: The following resources must be provided:

1. Tool room and farm house

2. Farm tools/ implements/ equipment
3. Writing device
4. Farm supplies
5. Logbooks
6. References (fertilizer and pesticide manual/ catalogue, protocols, field
guides, OHSP and GAP manuals) Production guide

METHODOLOGIES:
1. Hands- on
2. Lectures/ Discussion
3. Videos/ Illustrations
Demonstration

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Examination
2. Oral evaluation
3. Demonstration with questions
 Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome 1
Perform Transplant seedlings
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read Information Sheet 2.5-1 on Read and understand the
Handling of seedlings. information sheet and check
yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self Check 2.5-1 If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer to answer key of Self
Check 2.5-1, you may proceed to
Information Sheet 2.5-2, if not
return to Info Sheet 2.5-1
Read Information Sheet 2.5-2 Read and understand the
Transplanting of seedlings information sheet and check
yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self Check 2.5-2 If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer to answer key of Self
Check 2.5-2, you may proceed to
Information Sheet 1.1-3, if not
return to Info Sheet 2.5-2
Perform Task Sheet 2.5-2 Task sheet will help you practice
your skill.
Transplanting of Seedlings
The Performance Criteria Checklist
will guide and help you evaluate
your work as you are practicing your
skill.
Evaluate your work using the
Performance Criteria. When you are
ready, present your work to your
trainer for final evaluation and
recording.
If you have questions about the use
of the matrix, please ask your
trainer.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 7 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
Read Information Sheet 2.5-3 on Read and understand the
information sheet and check
Re-bagging
yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self Check 2.5-3 If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer to answer key of Self
Check 2.5-3, you may proceed to
Information Sheet 2.5-4, if not
return to Info Sheet 2.5-3
Perform task sheet 2.5-3 Task sheet will help you practice
your skill.
Re-bagging
The Performance Criteria Checklist
will guide and help you evaluate
your work as you are practicing your
skill.
Evaluate your work using the
Performance Criteria. When you are
ready, present your work to your
trainer for final evaluation and
recording.
If you have questions about the use
of the matrix, please ask your
trainer.
Read Information Sheet 2.5-4 Read and understand the
information sheet and check
Second replanting activities
yourself by answering the Self-
check. You must answer all the
questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
Answer Self Check 2.5-4 If you score 100% upon comparing
your answer to answer key of Self
Check 2.5-4.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 8 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 Information Sheet 2.5-1
HANDLING OF SEEDLINGS
Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Know proper handling of seedlings

This section covers proper handling of seedlings …..

*Seedling Care and Handling

Nursery workers, foresters,

landowners, and tree planters often
overlook the need for care in
handling seedlings between lifting
and planting. Successful reforesta-
tion depends on maintaining the life
support systems of the seedling
while it is removed from its natural
environment; all persons handling
the seedling must share responsi-
bility for its health.
Maintaining a seedling out of
the ground is somewhat like
maintaining a fish out of water—
improper care and handling translates into mortality. Many planting failures
thought to be caused by receiving damaged or dead stock from the nursery
can be traced to poor handling procedures between the nursery and the
planting site. You must protect seedlings from temperature and moisture
extremes and from physical damage at all times.

Water

You must keep out-of-soil seedlings moist, either by restricting water

loss with a water vapor barrier or by adding water to the roots at regular
intervals. A shipping bag or box should contain an effective vapor barrier
made of either polyethylene or wax. A waterproof planting bag also can
restrict water loss from the roots, although the open top of the bag allows
substantial amounts of water to be lost, particularly in relatively warm, dry
conditions.
Under such conditions, anything that you can do to reduce tempera-
ture, slow air movement around the seedling, and increase the water sup-
ply is helpful. For example, adding moist peat moss to the bag provides a
water supply, and an insulated planting bag reduces seedling temperatures.
Reduced temperature decreases water lost to the air, as does keeping
seedlings covered during transportation or when planting on a windy day.
Although both seedling shoots and roots lose water to the air, the
roots require more protection. Root tips are most susceptible to drying
because, unlike leaves, they do not have stomata (closeable openings in the
leaf surface) or a waxy coating to reduce water loss. If roots appear dry, the
finer root hairs are probably already damaged or dead. Make every effort to
keep roots moist while the seedling is out of the ground.
Insufficient water damages seedlings, but complete submersion in
water can be damaging, also, because of a lack of oxygen in the water. This
lack of oxygen is the same reason that most conifers will not grow where soil
is flooded for any length of time.
If there is any doubt about seedling water status, add water to the
seedlings, but don’t completely submerge them in water for more than a few
minutes at a time. A good way to be sure that the roots are completely moist
is to dip them in water for about 1 minute. A good time for dipping is when
you remove seedlings from the packing bag, before you transfer them to the
planting bag.

Temperature

Live seedlings burn food reserves (respire) to survive the winter. You
must reduce the amount of food the seedling uses while it’s out of its
natural environment, so that it will have sufficient reserves to support
growth and avoid transplant shock when you plant it.
Respiration is the conversion of food reserves to energy. In this
process, 60 percent of the energy is available for work, but the remaining 40
percent is given off as heat. Respiration rate is a function of temperature: as
temperature increases, so do respiration and the amount of heat generated.
As temperatures approach 32°F (0°C), respiration rates decrease to a
low level; food reserves are conserved, and the seedlings give off little heat.
Seedlings packed in seedling bags or boxes can produce considerable
respiratory heat if containers are exposed to warm air or direct sunlight.
This heat does not dissipate readily; as a result, temperature can become
high enough to injure seedlings.
For this reason, keep seedlings as cool as practical during handling,
as long as they are not frozen. Subfreezing storage is possible, but not
unless conditions are carefully con- trolled. For practical field storage,
prevent both freezing and high temperatures. Several principles are
important in maintaining the seedlings at low temperatures and preventing
damage.
1. Seedling temperatures are affected by air temperature, air circulation
around the container, sunlight, and the time of year you lift the seedlings.
Since you can’t measure all these components easily, it is important to have
a small thermometer to measure seedling temperature. A pocket dial
thermometer is ideal for measuring the temperature of seedlings in a
container. (Consult Table 1 to identify acceptable temperatures.)
2. Keep seedlings out of direct sunlight; solar radiation heats seedlings even
on cool days.
3. Seedlings lifted during midwinter (when they are dormant) are less
susceptible to heating problems.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 10 of 35
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Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
4. The best way to protect trees is to store them under refrigeration with
precise temperature control until they are ready for planting. All good
nurseries have such facilities. Don’t take a chance on storing them in
uncontrolled conditions (such as a shed).
5. You can store seedlings received from cold storage at nurseries for a few
days if you keep them shaded and cool (less than 50°F). If you can’t plant all
seedlings within a few days, find a cold-storage facility to keep them at 34 to
40°F. Avoid freezing them.

Physical damage

Preventing physical damage to seedlings should be an obvious

concern, but it’s often overlooked. A seedling can be damaged by physical
pressure caused by crushing, dropping, or excessive vibration in much the
same way as people are bruised when hit by an object. The seedling often
can repair the damage in the same way that humans recover from injury—
but only at a loss in ability to survive and grow. In the extreme case of
complete girdling or removing part of the seedling, recovery is not possible.
Handle seedlings carefully. Research indicates that merely rubbing
roots between your hands or dropping a box of seedlings reduces survival
and growth. Analyze your handling process and, if necessary, change it to
minimize handling while still ensuring the best possible environment for the
seedlings.
If you must keep seedlings for several weeks, consider “heeling in”—
storing them outdoors with their roots in a moist mulch of soil or organic
matter. This is an old practice that’s still used in some regions.
“Heeling in” must be done cautiously to avoid damage, as trees are
subjected to an extra handling step. Even if done carefully, some root
damage is likely. More important, heeling in means control of the seedling
environment either is lost or difficult to maintain. Seedlings may be
subjected to subfreezing or excessively high temperatures and/or loss of
water. Unless you take extra precautions to prevent freeze damage by
protecting the seedlings, and to replace water loss through a regular
irrigation program, your seedlings are likely to suffer a significant decline in
vigor while they are heeled in.
Seedlings also lose dormancy and become active if temperatures are
warm enough. Seedlings planted after dormancy is lost have lower survival
and growth because the active growing roots or buds are damaged easily.
Because of these problems, it’s best to store seedlings in a refrigerated
facility at 34 to 36°F, in order to slow respiration to a very low level, and
allow the seedlings to remain dormant and at an ideal moisture.

Checklist
In summary, use this seedling-care checklist to improve reforestation
success.
√ Handle seedlings carefully and as little as possible.
Date Developed: Document No.
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√ Keep seedlings cool (34 to 36°F) and protect them from freezing.
√ At field sites, store seedlings in the shade or under a reflective “space”
blanket. Do not use canvas to protect seedlings from solar heating.
√ Protect seedlings from desiccation (water loss) by reducing exposure to the
drying air and by adding water during the processing. If temperatures climb
and humidity drops, quit planting.
√ Use bags and boxes that have a vapor barrier to restrict water loss during
storage; keep these containers sealed (use tape for tears and rips).
√ Dip seedling roots in water for 1 minute before you place them in a moist
planting bag. Consider using jelly rolled seedlings when you plant them in
extremely hot and dry conditions.
√ Don’t cram too many seedlings into your planting bag, and plant them as
soon as possible.
√ Keep seedling roots in the moist planting bag until you put them directly
into the moist planting hole.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 12 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 Self- Check 2.5-1

Multiple choices:
Instruction: Underline only the letter corresponding to the best
answer.

1 Maintaining a _______out of the ground is somewhat like maintaining a

fish out of water—improper care and handling translates into mortality.
a. Seedbed c. Seedless
b. Seedlings d. Seed box
2. You must keep out-of-soil seedlings______, either by restricting water loss
with a water vapor barrier or by adding water to the roots at regular
intervals.
a. Dry c. Moist
b. Covered d. Submerge
3. __________is the conversion of food reserves to energy. In this process, 60
percent of the energy is available for work, but the remaining 40 percent is
given off as heat.
a. Respiration c. Insulation
b. Translocation d. Perspiration
4. Research indicates that merely rubbing ______between your hands or
dropping a box of seedlings reduces survival and growth.
a. Leaves c. Shoots
b. Stem d. Roots
5. Insufficient water damages seedlings, but complete submersion in water
can be damaging, also, because of a lack of _______ in the water.
a. Oxygen c. Sunshine
b. Carbon d. Water
 ANSWER KEY 2.5-1

1. b

2. c

3. a

4. C

5. a
 Information Sheet 2.5-2
Transplanting of Seedlings

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Understand the different procedures during transplanting.

What is transplanting?

 Transplanting is a
general term to designate
the removal of living
plants from nursery
whereby they may
become established in
new quarters (place) i.e.
main field.
 It is a violent operation
which may be performed
when the plant is actively
growing.
 Transplanting operation
in vegetables becomes more successful in deep and fine soils with
optimum moisture level.

Why to transplant.
The advantages of transplanting are:

 It economizes the expensive seeds by sowing them in nursery.

 Through transplanting, one can very well look after the young tender
seedlings growing in small area in the initial growth stage i.e. nursery.
 During transplanting there is a root pruning in the plants, which give
rise to many more short branched roots in the plants and such plants
when planted in the field are better able to establish themselves due
to the root system in the immediate block of soil that goes with the
plant.
 Shorter time from planting in the field to harvest is taken by following
transplanting method.
 This result in better returns to the growers by selling the produce
early in the market and period of crop production can be extended
easily.
 Before transplanting, it is possible to grow plants under unfavorable
climate conditions in the form of nursery.
 More plants of high quality can be produced through transplanting
due to proper spacing, selection and protection from insect-
pests and diseases.
 Through transplanting, better yield with more uniform maturity is
obtained.
  It is a safe way to start small seeded crops in heavy soils which crusts
badly.
 The more frequently a given plant is transplanted, the more readily it
ensures the removal.
Disadvantages of transplanting:
The disadvantages of transplanting are:

 Increases the cost of production.

 May result in delayed maturity.
 It is harmful but frequently a necessary operation.
Crops suitable for transplanting

 All the vegetable crops are not fit for transplanting.

 The following two groups separate plants as to their ease of
transplanting.
a) Successfully transplanted:
Cabbage and other cole crops, onion and leek.

b). Difficult to transplant:
Broad bean and pea

Formation of new roots in plants of group b) is slow and there is a

tendency for the roots to be suberized or cutinized in these plants,
which make them less effective in absorbing water.
When to transplant

 Transplanting should not be delayed.

 If seedlings are allowed to grow too long in the nursery, they become
weak and flower early.
 It should be done as soon as the seedlings are 10-15 cm high and
have formed about 3-4 true leaves (not seed leaves and cotyledons).
 The time of transplanting may vary according to species of plant, age
and condition of transplanting.
 The younger the plants as a rule, the better it withstands the
transplanting operation.
 Transplanting should always be done in the evening hours so that
plants may establish in the cool weather at night and may recover
from the shock of transplanting before the sun comes up next
morning.
 In a cloudy weather and when there is drizzling, transplanting may be
done at any time. Before uprooting the seedlings for transplanting, the
beds must be watered 24 hours before transplanting so that seedlings
may not suffer from desiccation as their tissues will be filled with
water.
How to transplant

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 16 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 When the seedlings are in proper stage of transplanting and are 4-6
weeks old according to the season and kind of plant, then the
transplanting should be done in the following way:
 Prepare the soil thoroughly before transplanting as it has to be
firmed closely around the plants so that plant root may come in
contact with the moist soil and sub-terranean moisture may be
brought upward for the roots by the soil.
 Through a khurpi or small transplanting trowel, take out few
seedlings with care without injuring the roots.
 Separate these seedlings and put them in holes in the field and
press down the soil near the roots with your fingers to make the
soil firm.
 Pressing soil gently around the roots of plants prevents air
pockets formation near roots
 Pressing of soil is one of the most important operations while
transplanting during rainy seasons.
 Complete the transplanting as early as possible after removing
the plants from the nursery.
 During transplanting, take care that seedlings are well protected
from wilting.
 This may be done by keeping the seedlings covered in moist soil,
wet plant leaves or by frequent sprinkling of water over the
seedlings.
 Do not remove the part of leaves of the seedlings before
transplanting.
 Irrigate the transplanted area immediately after finishing
transplanting.
Care during transplanting

 Plants are dug from the nursery with as little injury as possible.
 Uprooting of plants should be preceded by ample watering.
 Do not dig plants more than the required number.
 After the plants are dug out, cover them with the moist cloth or sacks
and keep them in the shade so that there will be little loss of water
from the plants.
 Sometimes leaves or portions of leaves are removed from plants to
reduce the area of transpiring water at transplanting time
 This is done to establish a better balance between the intake of water
by roots and loss of water from leaves.
 Pruning or clipping the tops in case of onion does not aid survival.
 Light pruning does not give beneficial effects while heavy pruning
sometimes results in a reduction of early yields and also of total yield.
 The water loss from the cut surface may be greater than would be by
transpiration, if all the leaves were allowed to remain on the plant
 by carrying the seedlings in a basket covered with a wet sack
 by carrying the seedlings with their roots submerged in a bucket
of water.
Date Developed: Document No.
Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 17 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
Care after transplanting

 After transplanting, examine the field every day for watering whenever
necessary till they are well established.
 Those seedlings which are not doing well, they should be removed and
replaced from the reserve seedlings.
 If there is any attack of insect pests or the disease, it must be
controlled before it spreads throughout in the fields.
 Gap filling may also be done where the seedlings are dried.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 18 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 Self- Check 2.5-2

Multiple choices:
Instruction: Give the right answer for the missing word(s). Write your
answer on the space before the item number.

__________1. Is a general term to designate the removal of living plants

from nursery whereby they may become established in new quarters
(place) i.e. main field.

__________2. This operation in vegetables becomes more successful in deep

and fine soils with optimum moisture level.

__________3. Before transplanting, it is possible to grow plants under

unfavorable climate conditions in the form of _________.

__________4. One of the disadvantages of transplanting is it may result in

delayed _________.

__________5. Transplanting should be done as soon as the seedlings are

10-15 cm high and have formed about __________ (not seed leaves and
cotyledons).
 Answer Key 2.5-2

1. Transplant
2. Transplant Operation
3. Nursery
4. Maturity
5. 3-4 Leaves
 TASK SHEET 2.5-2
Title: TRANSPLANT SEEDLINGS
Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and
equipment, you should be able to transplant
seedlings in 20 minutes.

Supplies/Materials :
 Video or PowerPoint presentation for standard procedure of
Transplanting of seedlings.
 Hands- on
 Lectures/ Discussion
 Demonstration
Tools/ Materials/ Equipment: PPE, Seedlings, dibble, sprinkler,
Polyethylene Pot, Soil Media, nursery.

Steps/Procedure:

1. Seedlings should be hardened-off, well-fed and watered before

transplanting.
2. Prepare a Polyethylene (P.E) pot with mixed soil media.
3. Dig a hole large enough for seedling on P.E pot.
4. Carefully remove seedling from its container/ seedling tray. Try not to
disturb the roots.
5. Set seedling in hole level with soil surface.
6. Cover its surrounding gently.
7. Water seedling thoroughly.

Assessment Method: DEMONSTRATION

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 21 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.5-2
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Seedlings should be hardened-off, well-fed and
watered before transplanting.
2. Prepare a Polyethylene (P.E) pot with mixed soil media.
3. Dig a hole large enough for seedling on P.E pot.
4. Carefully remove seedling from its container/ seedling
tray. Try not to disturb the roots.
5. Set seedling in hole level with soil surface.
6. Cover its surrounding gently.
Water seedling thoroughly.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 22 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 Information Sheet 2.5-3
Re-bagging

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Perform re-bagging techniques and standard procedures

Re-bagging
As the plant grow, a
plant's roots need space so
that they can spread out
and absorb and nutrients.
Its leaves need space so
that they access light. Re-
bagging should be done to
meet the need of plant for
space, nutrients and other
more. Re-bagging is the
replacement of previous bag
with a larger one.
Once the seeds sprout, they quickly outgrow their seed starting
container. It would be a bad idea to let them continue to grow in a bag
that is too small. They’ll become nutrient deprived and their roots will
grow round and round into a big knot.
Transplanting them into larger bags, helps them develop healthier
roots and grow faster. By not restraining their growth indoors, you’re
training them to grow big and strong when it’s time to put them in the
garden.
Room to Grow:
The growth of plants can be stunted if they are in a small container.
The roots will fill up the pot and have nowhere to go, and as a result the
plant doesn’t grow very much and if it’s a flowering plant it may stop
flowering. By just going up to a slightly larger pot (about 2″ wider in
diameter) the roots have room to move and the plant will, as a result, start
to get larger.
Increased Nutrition:
Roots have the job of finding water and nutrients for a plant. After
being in the same soil for a while, the roots will have depleted all of the
nutrients in the soil. Additionally, the root system can get so large that it
displaces the soil so you are left with just a knot of roots. Even if you’re
fertilizing, with no soil to hold onto the fertilizer, the plant isn’t getting the
benefit of it and as a result can develop nutritional deficiencies.
Better and less frequent watering:
 The roots of a plant can essentially take over the pot so little to no soil
is left which is what we refer to as being root bound. As a result, when you
water, the water runs right through the container since there is no soil to
absorb it. The plant then needs to be watered quite frequently in order to
keep it alive. A few ways to tell if your plant is root bound is if you start to
see the roots above the edge of the bag or coming out the drainage hole, you
have to water very frequently or the plant’s growth has been stunted or the
plant isn’t flowering. Giving the plant some new space filled with fresh soil
will help you reduce the amount you’ll need to water, plus the roots will be
able to do their job to seek out and absorb the water and nutrients it needs.

Simple Steps to Re-bag Your Plant

1. Remove the plant from its current planter or grow bag

Turn your plant sideways, hold it gently by the stems or leaves, and tap the
bottom of its current vessel until the plant slides out. You might need to give
it a bit of help with a couple of gentle tugs on the base of the stems.

2. Loosen the roots

Loosen the plant’s roots gently with your hands. You can prune off any
threadlike roots that are extra-long, just make sure to leave the thicker roots
at the base of the foliage. If your plant is root bound—the roots are growing
in very tight circles around the base of the plant—unbind the roots as best
you can and give them a trim.

3. Remove the old potting mix

Remove about one-third or more of the old potting mix surrounding the
plant's roots. As it grew, your plant removed some or all of the nutrients in
the current mix, so you'll want to give it fresh potting mix or soil.

4. Add new potting mix

Pour a layer of fresh potting soil into the empty planter and pack it down,
removing any air pockets. If your planter doesn’t have a drainage hole, layer
the bottom with lava rocks or similar (rocks, gravel, etc.) before adding the
potting mix. The goal is to create crevices for the extra water to pool into,
away from your plant’s roots.

5. Add your plant

Set your plant on top of the fresh layer of mix in the planter, making sure
it's centered, then add more potting mix around the plant until it is secure.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 24 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
Be sure not to pack too much soil into the planter: you want the roots to
have space to breathe.

6. Water it
Even out the potting soil on top and water well! It's worth noting that a
freshly re-bagged plant does not need to be fed fertilizer .

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 25 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 SELF-CHECK 2.5-3
Multiple choice:
Instruction: Underline only the letter corresponding to the best
answer.

1. As the plant grow, a plant's roots need ______so that they can spread out and
absorb and nutrients.
a. Love c. air
b. Space d. none of the choices
2. _________ is the replacement of previous bag with a larger one.
a. Re-packing c. Re-bagging
b. Re-planting d. Re-bunching
3. The growth of plants can be __________ if they are in a small container.
a. Stunted c. Strong
b. Stranded d. Straight
4. Roots have the job of finding ___________________ for a plant.
a. Water and nutrients c. Wind and rain
b. Sun and light d. None of the choices
5. One of the steps on re-bagging is to _______ the roots gently with your hands.
a. Tighten c. Cut
b. Crumple d. Loosen
 ANSWER KEY 2.5-3

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. d
 TASK SHEET 2.5-3
Title: RE-BAGGING
Performance Objective: Given the following tools, materials and
equipment, you should be able to change the P.E
bag of plant/ seedlings with bigger bag in 20
minutes.

Supplies/Materials :
 Video or PowerPoint presentation for standard procedure of
Transplanting of seedlings.
 Hands- on
 Lectures/ Discussion
 Demonstration
Tools/ Materials/ Equipment: PPE, Seedlings/ plant, pruner,
sprinkler, Polyethylene bag, Soil Media, nursery.

Steps/Procedure:
1. Select bag according to the standard required size.
2. Fill-in new bag with enough soil media before placing the
plant.
3. Carefully handle the plant/ seedling and remove the
previous bag gently.
4. Loosen the soil and Trim or prune the existing roots.
5. Fill the new bag with enough soil media.
6. Place the plant on the new bag and gently covered its
surrounding with enough soil.
7. Water it thoroughly.

Assessment Method: DEMONSTRATION

 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.5-2
CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you….
1. Select bag according to the standard required
size.

2. Fill-in new bag with enough soil media before

placing the plant.

3. Carefully handle the plant/ seedling and remove

the previous bag gently.

4. Loosen the soil and Trim or prune the existing

roots.

5. Fill the new bag with enough soil media.

6. Place the plant on the new bag and gently

covered its surrounding with enough soil.

7. Water it thoroughly.
 Information Sheet 2.5-4
Second Replanting Activities

Learning Objectives:
After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
1. Determine the activities during second replanting.

REPLANTING

In agriculture and gardening

, replanting is the technique
of moving a plant from one
location to another. Most
often this takes the form of
starting a plant from seed in
optimal conditions, such as
in a greenhouse or
protected nursery bed, then
replanting it in another,
usually outdoor, growing
location. In
the horticulture of some ornamental plants, transplants are used
infrequently and carefully because they carry with them a significant risk of
killing the plant.

SECOND REPLANTING

A farm activity in which a seedling or plant will be planted or

transplanted again on another pot/bag or in outdoor field.

Replanting has a variety of advantage, including:

 Extending the growing season by starting plants indoors, before outdoor

conditions are favorable. This usually done during summer or drought
season or in winter in other region.
 Protection of young plants from any sort of diseases and pests until they
are established sufficiently.
 Avoiding germination problems by setting out seedlings instead of direct
seeding.

Furthermore, replanting is when crop damage and stand reduction

occurs early in the growing season can be an economically viable option.
Replanting decisions, however, are complicated by not knowing what future
seasonal growing conditions will occur. Decisions should be based on
historic weather trends plus current environmental and economic
conditions.

The decision to replant should be made only after evaluating the

following questions: Will the economic returns exceed the cost of replanting?
What is the most viable crop to plant? Furthermore, carefully consider how
current soil moisture, previous herbicide use and the date of replanting
might influence the crop or crops to be replanted.

The final decision on replanting should be based on sound agronomic

and economic information. Injury to the original stand, as well as crop
uniformity and overall plant health, must be determined accurately. The
initial critical question is whether keeping the original stand or replanting
will result in greater net income.

APPRAISING CROP INJURY, STAND REDUCTION AND YIELD

POTENTIAL

Evaluating crop injury and estimating potential crop yield is the first
step in determining if a crop should be replanted. The best possible
evaluation of the surviving stand is needed because the critical yield
comparison ultimately will be between the suboptimal stand from the
original planting date versus a full stand from a later than optimum planting
date.

During the seedling stage, injury that results in stand reduction will
cause the greatest yield reductions. Leaf injury or loss during early stages
has a minimal effect on yield; however, as the crop approaches reproductive
developmental stages, leaf damage or loss is more detrimental to yield. An
assessment of potential plant stand soon after crop injury occurs (within a
week) is critical to avoid delays if replanting is necessary.

An accurate determination of the existing stand must be made. Stand

counts should be taken at random from several areas in damaged portions
of the field. Determining stand level may be more complicated than simply
counting plants. If seedling emergence is uneven, an evaluation of potential
late-emerging plants should be made. Plant damage and loss in fields often
is distributed randomly throughout a field and this complicates decision
making.

In early plant development, a few key structures are indicators of

potential plant survival. A healthy root system and seedling tissue are
needed during plant establishment. If these structures appear normal and
the depth of the seed is not excessive, emergence likely will occur when soil
moisture is adequate. Destruction of leaf area on young plants is seldom as
detrimental to subsequent plant growth and yield as the initial appearance

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 31 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
may suggest. If the growing point of the small grain is not damaged and the
stem is not broken below the cotyledon node of broadleaf crops, the plants
likely will recover.

Source: https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ag-hub/publications/replanting-or-late-planting-crops

REPLANTING DECISION

The decision to replant ultimately must be made by comparing the

estimated yield of the injured crop with that of a replanted crop. This is
quite subjective and each case must be considered individually in terms of
time of year, alternate crop choices, previous herbicide use, crop economics
and insurance, and other related factors.

Crops replanted late in the season almost always will yield less than
those planted at an optimum time. The decision to replant is both an
agronomic and economic one that requires careful assessment of crop
injury, yield potential, alternate crop choices and cultural practices related
to crop growth and development. Each case of injury must be considered
thoroughly and individually.

Date Developed: Document No.

Issued by:
Agricultural Crops Date Revised:
Production NC II
Page 32 of 35
SNHS
Plant Crops Developed by:
Revision # 00
 SELF-CHECK 2.5-4
Multiple choices:
Instruction: Write TRUE if the underlined word(s) is/are correct and
writes FALSE if it is wrong.

1. Re-gardening is the technique of moving a plant from one location to

another.

2. Replanting is when crop damage and stand reduction occurs early in the
growing season can be an economically viable option.

3. The first decision on replanting should be based on sound agronomic and

economic information.

4. Evaluating crop injury and estimating potential crop yield is the first step
in determining if a crop should be replanted.

5. Most often replanting takes the form of starting a plant from seed in
optimal conditions, such as in a greenhouse or protected nursery bed, then
replanting it in another, usually close door, growing location.

6. The decision to replant ultimately must be made by comparing the

estimated yield of the injured crop with that of a replanted crop.

7. Crops replanted late in the season almost always will yield more than
those planted at an optimum time.

8. If seedling emergence is even, an evaluation of potential late-emerging

plants should be made.

9. In early plant development, a few key structures are indicators of

potential plant survival.

10. In the horticulture of some ornamental plants, transplants are used

infrequently and carefully because they carry with them a significant risk of
killing the plant.
 ANSWER KEY 2.5-4

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. True
REFERENCES:

 W.H. Emmingham, B.D.Cleary, D.R. DeYoe (2006), Seedling Care and

Handling. The Woodland Workbook. Revised June 1996.Reprinted May
2006.https://www.uidaho.edu/-/media/UIdaho-Responsive/Files/Exten
sion/topic/forestry/panhandle/seedling-care-and-handling-ec1095.pdf?
la=en&hash=452D29087A3115495A15E558DB9847832F16E3CF#:~:text
=You%20must%20protect%20seedlings%20from,physical%20damage
%20at%20all%20times.&text=You%20must%20keep%20out
%E2%80%91of,the%20roots%20at%20regular%20intervals.
 Image: https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/greenhouse-worker-
handling-seedlings_1833153.htm
 http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=12190
 https://www.veggiegardener.com/threads/5-tips-for-transplanting-
vegetable-seedlings.1929/
 https://crockernurseries.com/5-benefits-of-transplanting-your-
houseplants/#:~:text=Giving%20the%20plant%20some%20new,water
%20and%20nutrients%20it%20needs.
 https://www.thesill.com/blog/plant-care-repotting
 https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ag-hub/publications/replanting-or-
late-planting-crops