RIZAL 19th Century Activity 2

RIZAL
Professor: DR. SIMEON B. ABARQUEZ IV
ACTIVITY 2: The Philippines in the 19th Century as Rizal’s Context
NAME: Umuquit, Jeffrey R.

COURSE & SECTION: BTVTED ET-3
DATE: March 24, 2021
DIRECTION: Answer the following questions.
1. Describe the following:
a) Visitador
- An invistigator who occasionally came to investigate collonial conditions and
submit his findings to the king.
b) Redidencia
- was an investigation of an official conducted at the end of his term.
- Officials who found guilty of public misconduct were penalized either with
imposition of heavy fines, sequestration of property, imprisonment or
dismissal from office.
c) Cumplace
- Cumplase or cúmplase was a privilege held by the Governor-general in the
Philippines during Spanish rule that gave him the power to suspend royal
degrees. The word means "permit" in Spanish.
d) Indulto de Commercio
- The Indulto de Comercio or licensed to trade, was issued to the Alcalde
Mayor or Corregidor. It was meant to prevent them from using the polo or
taxes from their own personal needs and control the market, although they
banned them from engaging in commerce. These people, literally have all the
power, so the Spanish government had to think of a solution for the problem.
e) Reduccion
- aimed to consolidate colonial control over Philippine indigenous
communities by compelling prominent individuals to relocate into
poblaciones within hearing distance of church-bells. Bell ringing ordered daily
life by signaling times to congregate and by marking special occasions.
f) Bandala System
- was a system implemented by Spanish authorities in the Philippines that
required native Filipino farmers to sell their goods to the government. The
farmers were not in favor of this system and were not even offered fair
market prices for their crops.
g) Inquilinos
- is a labourer indebted to a landlord who allows him to form a farm in parts
of his property (usually in the marginal lands to keep away intruders) and
who in exchange works without pay for the landlord.
h) Polo
- Polo is a horseback mounted team sport. It is one of the world's oldest
known team sports. Polo has been called "the sport of kings".
i) Falla
- is a traditional celebration held annually in commemoration of Saint Joseph
in the city of Valencia, Spain. The term Falles refers to both the celebration
and the monuments (Falla, singular; Falles, plural) burnt during the
celebration.
j) Cedula
- any of various official documents or certificates in Spain, Latin America, or
the Philippines: such as. a : a permit or order issued by the government. b : a
personal registration tax certificate in the Philippines.
k) Sanctorum
- The most holy place or thing.
l) Tribute
- A tribute is a sign of respect or admiration, an award to honor a person's
accomplishments.
m) Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
- were Spanish trading ships which for two-and-a-half centuries linked the
Spanish Captaincy General of the Philippines with Mexico across the Pacific
Ocean, making one or two round-trip voyages per year between the ports
of Acapulco and Manila.
n) Boletas
- permission, permit, leave, license, pass.
Corrupt, incompetent, and cruel officials:

a) Governor General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1873)
- Rafael Gerónimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutiérrez (September 30, 1820 –
November 9, 1883) was a Spanish Military Officer, politician, and statesman.
He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from April 4, 1871 to
January 8, 1873. He was famous for his use of "Iron Fist" type of government,
contradicting the liberal government of his predecessor, Carlos María de la
Torre y Navacerrada. He was the Governor-General during the 1872 Cavite
mutiny which led to execution of 41 of the mutineers, including the
Gomburza martyrs. Izquierdo also acted as Governor-General of Puerto Rico
from March 1862 to April 1862.
b) Governor General Jose Malcampo (1874-1877)
- A good Moro fighter, but was an inept and weak administrator.
c) Governor General Primo de Rivera (1880-1883 and 1897-1898)
- Governor general for two terms enriched himself by accepting bribes from
gambling casinos in Manila which he scandalously permitted to operate.
d) Governor General Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)
- a cruel and corrupt governor general, arrived in Manila a poor man and
returned to Spain millionaire. He was called ‘tyrant” because of his brutal
persecution of the Calamba tenants.
e) Governor General Camilo Polavieja (1896-1897)
- arrived in Manila as new governor-general and successor of Ramon Blanco.
He was the chosen messiah of the Friars whose only care was to secure
their position where he worked hand in hand with them.
- Dr. Jose P. Rizal was shot during Polavieja's term.
2. Discuss briefly the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

- The Philippines experienced the first period of representation in the Cortes
from 1810 to 1813.
- The first Philippine delegate is Ventura de los Reyes.
- The second and third period of representation were not fruitful or beneficial
for the welfare of the colony.
- The representation of the overseas colonies in the Spanish Cortes was
abolished in 1837, since then Philippine conditions worsened.
- Graciano Lopez Jaena and his compatriots plead fervently for the
representation in the Spanish Cortes, but they were just ignored.
3. Make a diagram of the different social classes during the 19th Century Philippines.
Social Structure during the 19th Century in

Philippines
HIGHEST CLASS – the people MIDDLE CLASS – the people that LOWEST CLASS – this class includes
that belong in this class belongs into this class includes the Filipinos only.
include Spaniards, the natives, mestizos and the
Peninsulares and the Friars. criollos. 1. The Indios – are the poor
They have the power and people having pure blood of
authority to rule over the 1. Natives – the Pure Filipino which ruled by the
Filipinos. Filipinos. Spaniards.
2. Mestizos – the Filipinos of
These includes: mixed indigenous Filipino
1. Spanish Officials or European or Chinese
2. Peninsulares – they ancestry.
held the most
important
government jobs, and
made up the smallest
number of the
population.
3. Friars – members of
any of certain religious
orders of men,
especially the four
mendicant orders
(Augustinians,
Carmelites,
Dominicans, and
Franciscans).
4. Describe the economic condition of the Philippines during the 19 th century.

- The country was opened to foreign trade at the end of the
18th century which resulted in the rapid rise of foreign firms in Manila. This
stimulated agricultural production and export of sugar, rice hemp and
tobacco.
5. Describe briefly the hacienda de Calamba during Rizal’s time. How did it affect the
family (The Mercados) of Rizal?
- Before 1759, a property, which later would become the modern day
Calamba, comprising 16, 424 hectares, then called hacienda de Calamba was
owned by Don Manuel Jauregui.
- Hacienda de Calamba became a site of agitation in the late 1990s. It was all
started by the findings of Rizal on the land ownership of the friars. It was
shocking that there was only a little land owned by the friars, but their
possession of the remaining land was unlawful.

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RIZAL

Professor: DR. SIMEON B. ABARQUEZ IV

ACTIVITY 2: The Philippines in the 19th Century as Rizal’s Context

NAME: Umuquit, Jeffrey R.

Corrupt, incompetent, and cruel officials:

2. Discuss briefly the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

Social Structure during the 19th Century in

4. Describe the economic condition of the Philippines during the 19 th century.

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