1. The 19th century brought modernity and revolutionary changes to the world including the Philippines. The country's social and economic structures were still based on feudalism and the exploitation of indigenous peoples by Spain.
2. The Galleon Trade between Manila and Acapulco lasted over 150 years and connected the Philippines to the global trade of goods from Asia, Mexico and Europe. This trading system made Manila an important center of commerce.
3. Philippine society during this time was highly stratified along racial and social lines with Peninsulares and Insulares of pure Spanish descent at the top and indigenous peoples at the bottom. The country was governed through a centralized system from Manila appointed by Spain.
1. The 19th century brought modernity and revolutionary changes to the world including the Philippines. The country's social and economic structures were still based on feudalism and the exploitation of indigenous peoples by Spain.
2. The Galleon Trade between Manila and Acapulco lasted over 150 years and connected the Philippines to the global trade of goods from Asia, Mexico and Europe. This trading system made Manila an important center of commerce.
3. Philippine society during this time was highly stratified along racial and social lines with Peninsulares and Insulares of pure Spanish descent at the top and indigenous peoples at the bottom. The country was governed through a centralized system from Manila appointed by Spain.
1. The 19th century brought modernity and revolutionary changes to the world including the Philippines. The country's social and economic structures were still based on feudalism and the exploitation of indigenous peoples by Spain.
2. The Galleon Trade between Manila and Acapulco lasted over 150 years and connected the Philippines to the global trade of goods from Asia, Mexico and Europe. This trading system made Manila an important center of commerce.
3. Philippine society during this time was highly stratified along racial and social lines with Peninsulares and Insulares of pure Spanish descent at the top and indigenous peoples at the bottom. The country was governed through a centralized system from Manila appointed by Spain.
1. The 19th century brought modernity and revolutionary changes to the world including the Philippines. The country's social and economic structures were still based on feudalism and the exploitation of indigenous peoples by Spain.
2. The Galleon Trade between Manila and Acapulco lasted over 150 years and connected the Philippines to the global trade of goods from Asia, Mexico and Europe. This trading system made Manila an important center of commerce.
3. Philippine society during this time was highly stratified along racial and social lines with Peninsulares and Insulares of pure Spanish descent at the top and indigenous peoples at the bottom. The country was governed through a centralized system from Manila appointed by Spain.
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Republic of the Philippines
Tarlac State University
THE 19TH CENTURY (THE BIRTH OF Andres Bonifacio Manila MODERNITY) - Self-educated warehouse - Declared as the center commerce in the - Was precipitated by three great revolutions Katipunan east around the world: - Was dedicated to the expulsion of the Manila – Acapulco (Industrial Revolution in England, French Spanish from islands, and preparation were - 250, 000 pesos worth of goods, spending Revolution and American Revolution) made for armed revolt. 90 days at sea. Acapulco – Manila Ph and its social and economic structure were GALLEON TRADE (MANILA – - 500,000 pesos worth of good, spending based on the old feudalistic patterns of abuse ACAPULCO TRADE) 120 days at sea. and exploitation of the Indio. - The longest running shipping line of its Spice Islands time which existed for roughly 150 years. - Eastern Indonesia The gradual elimination of Monopoly – was the Nick Joaquin important stimulus to trade. - Noted first medium to reduce the world SUEZ CANAL village - One of the most important water ways in Late 18th century – the time when the political Almacenes Reales the world. (1859 – 1869) and economic change began to affect Spain, Ph - Items from all over the globe docked in - It connects Mediterranean Sea and Red sea and its other colonies. Manila and shortens the road between south Asia - Fort Santiago, Intramuros and Europe significantly. New Class – Was the result of the growth of Fray Andres De Urdaneta - It was a dream of Napoleon and commercial agriculture - A well-known circumnavigator before his Muhammad Ali of Egypt - Public Education in Ph and even the stint as an Augustinian priest, The Illustrador Church controlled the curriculum galleons, (one at a time) PH to Mexico - Filipinos with money and Education - Also, the time when the sons of wealthy - Discovered the east ward route 1880’s - the decade of death families were sent to Europe to study November 21, 1564 - Nationalism and a passion for reform - The day they left Mexico SOCIAL STRUCTURE DURING THE 19TH blossomed in the liberal atmosphere - San Pedro along with San Juan CENTURY Propaganda Movement – Arose out of the - They noticed something about our country Feudalistic – the results of the Spanish talented group of overseas Filipino students. that we had fantastic trading system landholding system imposed upon the country Benito Legarda with the arrival of the conquistadores. Jose Rizal, this movements most brilliant figure - Cited that during Galleon trade, ninety - Master-Slave Relationship produced two political novels. percent of goods arriving in PH were - Noli Me Tangere (1886; Touch Me Not) Mexican. Spanish Peninsulares - El Filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of -Piece of Gold in China was equivalent - Limpieza de Sangre (Pure Blood) Greed) to 6 to 8 pcs of silver. - The Spaniards born in Spain occupying the La Liga Filipina -Piece of Gold in Europe was equivalent highest position in the social structure - A modest reformed-minded society, loyal to 13 pcs of silver. together with other Europeos on non- to Spain, that breathed no word of Spanish Europeans. Independence Republic of the Philippines Tarlac State University Spanish Insulares POLITICAL SYSTEM BIGOTRY OF SPANISH - Hijos del Pais (Sons of the Country) - Spaniards born in the PH from full blooded Ministro de Ultramar (Ministry of Colonies) TRIBUTE OR TRIBUTO Spanish parents. - It helped governed the Ph through Miguel Lopez de Legazpi Spanish Mestizos centralized government in Manila. - Was first to order the payment of tribute, - Offspring of Spanish father and Indio Governador Heneral both in the Visayas and Luzon. Mother - Appointed by the King to head the central TYPES OF BUWIS Mestizo de Sangleyes administration. King’s Representative. Direct Taxes - Offspring of Spanish-Chinese parents. - Also acted as the Vice-Royal Patron Over - Income tax and Personal Tribute Mestizos Indios the Religious matter – Gave him the Indirect Taxes - Offspring of Chinese-Indio Mixtures prerogative to nominate priests to - Customs duties Indios ecclesiastical positions and control the - bandala taxes (special taxes collected from – Native Country finances of the mission. the natives) – it is an annual enforced sale Indio Sangleye Alcaldias (Provincial Government) or requisitioning of goods, particularly of - pure blooded Chinese or Japanese who - Led by Alcaldes Mayores (civil governors) rice or coconut oil, in the case of tayabas. arrived in PH to trade and escape the Cabildo or Ayuntamiento – City Government - Monopolies of special crops (rentas hegemony of dynasties and Shoguns. administered by 2 Alcaldes en Ordinario encantadas) Lowest within the social structure. (Mayor and Vice Mayor) were both executive - Items Indio Natural and chief judicial magistrate. - Originated from Malay race and Pueblo Buwis collected from the natives both in: considered as Filipino today - The local Government Unit Specie – gold or money Bajo las Campanas - (Under the sound of - Composed of Barangay Kind – rice, cloth, chicken, coconut oil, abaca bell) Gobernadorcillo - Capitan (Chief executive and etc. chief judge of pueblo. Cedula Personal – (Personal Identity Paper) Infieles – refers to the pagans who resisted the - Highest position in the government to - Resembles with the present community indoctrination and lived outside the Spanish which the native could be appointed. residence or residence tax today which control maintaining their culture, religion and Barangay or Barrio replaces the tribute. lifeways. - The smallest unit of government. The tribute collectors who often abuse their Plain Indios – The Highest position available to - Headed by the cabeza de barangay offices by collecting more than the law plain indios is Gobenadorcillo (Filipino and Chinese estizos) required and appropriating the difference: Guardia Civil Alcaldes Educational Decree of 1863 - Corps of pueblo Mayors - Marked a milestone in the history of - Serving as nights sentries in town or as Encomenderos education in the PH under Spain. watchman of casa tribunal. Gobernadorcillos Moret Decree of 1870 Royal Audiencia - Highest Judicial body Cabezas - Which intended to secularize higher - Acted as auditor of finances of government education in the colony. Republic of the Philippines Tarlac State University ENCOMIENDA Governor General Carlos Ma. De la Torre - It also embodied in this constitution was - Comes from the Spanish word encomendar - Was appointed by the provisional the exemption if the natives from paying which means to “entrust” government in Spain as Governor General tributes and rendering public services - It is a grant of inhabitants living conquered of the Philippines. based on its equality cause. territory which Spain gave to Spanish - his greatest achievement was the peaceful Don Ventura De los Reyes colonizer as a reward from his services. solution to the land problem in Cavite. - A wealthy merchant and member of the - A gesture of gratitude but it is not a land (due to the Filipino tenants who lost their Royal Corps of Artillery of Manila, as grant but a grant to exercise control over a land had been oppressed by Spanish deputy specific place. Landlords - Vigan-born Two kinds Eduardo Camerino - Son of poor Ilocano Parents Royal Encomiendas - local hero that led to Agrarian uprisings - took part in Ilocos Revolt led by Diego - which consisted of big cities, seaports and Bourbons Reforms Silang. inhabitants of regions rich in natural - also known in Castilan as Reformas resources were owned by the king. Bobonicas Private Encomiendas - were a series of economic and political - Were owned by private individuals or changes that the Spanish Crown under the charitable institutions. House of Bourbon made during 18th century. POLO (Forced Labor) - Promotes economic and political - Is actually a corruption of the tagalog word development. “Pulong” which originally means meaning of persons and things or community labor. SPANISH CORTES 1812 King Ferdinand VII PROMULGATING THE CADIZ - Violently opposed the liberal reforms CONSTITUTION granted by the French provincial government. Pedro Perez De Tagle and Jose Manuel The 35-year by Queen Isabella II marked five Coretto. by successive military politicians: - The 1st Philippine delegates who took their Baldomero Espartero – Moderate oath of office in Madrid. Ramon Ma. Narvaez – cruel and Cadiz Constitution vindictive reactionary - Established principles of: Leopoldo O’Donnell – Moderate and Universal male suffrage Reactionary Tendencies National sovereignty Francisco Serrano and Juan Prim – Constitutional Monarchy and Both Liberal Freedom of the Press Land Reform and Free Enterprise.