HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INDIA Docx

INDIA: SETTLEMENTS
HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Settlement -Cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings

live. They vary in size from hamlet to metropolitan cities, they maybe small
and large, closed or spaced, and they may practice primary/secondary/tertiary
activities.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS
• Rural areas have primary occupation, while urban areas

have secondary and tertiary occupation.
• Rural areas provide raw materials, while urban areas process the raw
materials.
• Rural areas produce food and urban areas provide services.
• In rural areas relationships are personal and intimate while in urban

areas relations are mostly professional.
• Rural areas have low density of population while, urban areas have
high density of population.
TYPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENT: CLUSTERED SETTLEMENTS:
• Compact and closely built houses
• Living area is different from surrounding farms
• Recognizable pattern
• Different shapes such as geometric rectangular, radial, linear,
• Sometimes defense requirements may influence shape of the settlement
• Availability of water also decides the shape

INDIA: SETTLEMENTS
SEMI-CLUSTERED SETTLEMENTS:
• Formed due to result from tendency of clustered in restricted area of
dispersed settlement
• Segregation of large settlement may also cause semi-clustered pattern.
• Some people may be forced to live separately from the main village.
• Dominant social group lives in the center of the village.
• People of lower strata live in out skirt of the village.
HAMLETED SETTLEMENTS:
• Physically separate and located in different place having common name
• They are locally called panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani.
• They are motivated by social and ethnic factors.
• Found mostly in middle and lower Ganga valley.
DISPERSED STTLEMENTS:
• They are isolated huts or hamlets
• Located on hills or agricultural lands
• It is due to nature of terrain, and land resource, water
• Found in Meghalaya, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala
URBAN SETTLEMENTS
• Compact and large in size
• Economic activities are non-agricultural and administrative activities are

common.
• Exchange of goods and services, trading, retailing, wholesaling are found.
• Directly linked with rural settlements.

INDIA: SETTLEMENTS
EVOLUTION OF CITIES IN DIFFERENT PERIODS

1. ANCIENT TOWNS:
1. Developed as religious and cultural towns.
2. Over 2000 years old
3. Patna, Varanasi, Madurai, are examples
2. MEDIEVAL TOWNS:
1. They were the headquarters of kingdoms.
2. There are more than 100 towns
3. They are fort towns developed over ruined forts
4. Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra & Nagpur
3. MODERN TOWNS:
1. They are developed by British and other Europeans
2. Generally located on the coast
3. They were forts constructed by Europeans
4. Ex. Surat, Goa, Pondicherry, Mumbai, Madras, Kolkata.
Classification of Towns on the basis of Population Size
Census of India classifies urban centres into six classes.
Urban centre with population of more than one lakh is called a city or
class I town.
Cities accommodating population size between one to five million are

called metropolitan cities and more than five million are mega cities.
Majority of metropolitan and mega cities are urban agglomerations.
An urban agglomeration may consist of any one of the following three

combinations:
INDIA: SETTLEMENTS
(i) a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths,
(ii) two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths,

and
(iii) a city and one or more adjoining towns with their outgrowths
together forming a contiguous spread.
60 per cent of urban population in India lives in Class I towns.
Out of 468 cities, 53 cities/ urban agglomerations are metropolitan cities.
Six of them are mega cities with population over five million each. More
than one-fifth (21.0%) of urban population lives in these mega cities.
Among them, Greater Mumbai is the largest agglomeration with 18.4
million people. Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru and Hyderabad are
other mega cities in the country
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF TOWNS

1. Administrative towns: All capitals of states with national capital
2. Industrial towns: Mumbai. Salem, Coimbatore Modinagar, Jamshedpur
3. Transport towns: Kandla Cochin, vizag
4. Commercial towns: Satna Kolkata
5. Mining towns: Digboi, Raniganj, Jharia
6. Garrison cantonment towns: Ambala, Mhow. Jalandhar
7. Educational towns: Pilani, Aligarh, Varanasi

8. Religious cultural towns: Amritsar, Varanasi, Tirupati
9. Tourist towns: Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital

INDIA: SETTLEMENTS
IN FOCUS
Smart Cities Mission
The objective of the Smart Cities Mission is to promote cities that provide core
infrastructure, a clean and sustainable environment and give a decent quality
of life to its citizens. One of the features of Smart Cities is to apply smart
solutions to infrastructure and services in order to make them better. For
example, making areas less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources and
providing cheaper services. The focus is on sustainable and inclusive
development and the idea is to look at compact areas, create a replicable
model, which will act like a lighthouse to other aspiring cities.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is the main activity in rural settlements?
Ans: Primary Activities

2. Which types of settlements are found in the Northern Plains?
Ans: Clustered
3. Name the types of rural settlements. What are the factors

responsible for the settlement patterns in different physical
environment?
Ans: 1. Clustered settlements.
2. Semi clustered settlements
3. Hamletted settlements
4. Dispersed Settlements
Factors affecting patterns of rural settlements on:
a) Nature of Terrain
b) Defense requirements
c) climate
INDIA: SETTLEMENTS
d) Availability of water
4. Distinguish between rural and urban settlements.

Ans: Rural Settlement:
1. Primary activities are main occupation in these settlements and
75% population is engaged in primary occupation.
2. Population sizes are is low in these settlements.
3. Rural people are less dynamic and social relations are intimate.
Urban settlement:
1. Nonagricultural work is the main occupation in these settlements
and 75%
population is engaged in these activities.
2. Population Size is large in these settlements
3. Urban people are dynamic and their social relations are formal and
complex.
5. Write three differences between clustered and dispersed settlement
of India.
Ans: Clustered Settlement:

1. These settlements are found in fertile plains.
2. Houses are close to each other and their size is small.
3. Sometime people live in compact villages due to security or defense
reasons.
Dispersed settlement:
1. These are found in hilly regions or desert areas.
2. Settlements are neat and clean with drainage arrangements.
3. Houses are big and are located at gaps.
6. Classify Town and cities on the basis of population size.
Ans: 1. Population is more than one lakh is called a city.

2. Population is less than one lakh is called town.
3. Cities accommodating population between one to five million are
called metropolitan cities.
4. Population more than five million are mega cities.
INDIA: SETTLEMENTS
7. Discuss the factors that determine the type of rural settlement.

Ans. 1) Physical factor: relief, altitude, drainage, water table,
climate and soil play an important role in determining the
type of settlement.
2) Cultural Factor: ethnic and cultural factor such as tribal,
caste, or communal identity is also important in determining
the layout of rural settlement.
3) Historical factor: the villagers preferred to live in compact
settlement in order to defend against the invaders.

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INDIA Docx

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INDIA Docx

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS INDIA Docx

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INDIA: SETTLEMENTS

Settlement -Cluster of dwellings of any type or size where human beings

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENTS

• Rural areas have primary occupation, while urban areas

• Rural areas produce food and urban areas provide services.

• In rural areas relationships are personal and intimate while in urban

TYPES OF RURAL SETTLEMENT: CLUSTERED SETTLEMENTS:

• Compact and closely built houses

• Living area is different from surrounding farms

• Different shapes such as geometric rectangular, radial, linear,

• Sometimes defense requirements may influence shape of the settlement

• Availability of water also decides the shape

• Segregation of large settlement may also cause semi-clustered pattern.

• Dominant social group lives in the center of the village.

• People of lower strata live in out skirt of the village.

• They are locally called panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani.

• They are motivated by social and ethnic factors.

• Found mostly in middle and lower Ganga valley.

• Located on hills or agricultural lands

• It is due to nature of terrain, and land resource, water

• Found in Meghalaya, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala

• Economic activities are non-agricultural and administrative activities are

• Exchange of goods and services, trading, retailing, wholesaling are found.

• Directly linked with rural settlements.

EVOLUTION OF CITIES IN DIFFERENT PERIODS

2. Over 2000 years old

3. Patna, Varanasi, Madurai, are examples

2. There are more than 100 towns

3. They are fort towns developed over ruined forts

4. Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Agra & Nagpur

2. Generally located on the coast

3. They were forts constructed by Europeans

4. Ex. Surat, Goa, Pondicherry, Mumbai, Madras, Kolkata.

Classification of Towns on the basis of Population Size

Census of India classifies urban centres into six classes.

Cities accommodating population size between one to five million are

An urban agglomeration may consist of any one of the following three

(i) a town and its adjoining urban outgrowths,

(ii) two or more contiguous towns with or without their outgrowths,

60 per cent of urban population in India lives in Class I towns.

Out of 468 cities, 53 cities/ urban agglomerations are metropolitan cities.

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF TOWNS

2. Industrial towns: Mumbai. Salem, Coimbatore Modinagar, Jamshedpur

3. Transport towns: Kandla Cochin, vizag

4. Commercial towns: Satna Kolkata

5. Mining towns: Digboi, Raniganj, Jharia

6. Garrison cantonment towns: Ambala, Mhow. Jalandhar

7. Educational towns: Pilani, Aligarh, Varanasi

9. Tourist towns: Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Ans: Primary Activities

3. Name the types of rural settlements. What are the factors

4. Distinguish between rural and urban settlements.

Ans: Clustered Settlement:

6. Classify Town and cities on the basis of population size.

Ans: 1. Population is more than one lakh is called a city.

7. Discuss the factors that determine the type of rural settlement.

You might also like