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    The Classification of Living Things

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    Daria Pochuieva
    Carl Linnaeus developed the system of taxonomy that is still used today. [1] He established binomial nomenclature which uses two terms - genus and species - to identify organisms. [2] Taxonomy involves classifying living things into a hierarchy of seven levels from kingdom to species, with species being the most specific level. [3] The three domains of life are Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota, which are further divided into kingdoms based on their characteristics.

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    The Classification of Living Things

    Uploaded by

    Daria Pochuieva
    3 views15 pages
    Carl Linnaeus developed the system of taxonomy that is still used today. [1] He established binomial nomenclature which uses two terms - genus and species - to identify organisms. [2] Taxonomy involves classifying living things into a hierarchy of seven levels from kingdom to species, with species being the most specific level. [3] The three domains of life are Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota, which are further divided into kingdoms based on their characteristics.

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    Carl Linnaeus developed the system of taxonomy that is still used today. [1] He established binomial nomenclature which uses two terms - genus and species - to identify organisms. [2] Taxonomy involves classifying living things into a hierarchy of seven levels from kingdom to species, with species being the most specific level. [3] The three domains of life are Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota, which are further divided into kingdoms based on their characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views15 pages

    The Classification of Living Things

    Uploaded by

    Daria Pochuieva
    Carl Linnaeus developed the system of taxonomy that is still used today. [1] He established binomial nomenclature which uses two terms - genus and species - to identify organisms. [2] Taxonomy involves classifying living things into a hierarchy of seven levels from kingdom to species, with species being the most specific level. [3] The three domains of life are Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukaryota, which are further divided into kingdoms based on their characteristics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Key definitions to match

    up and learn! The process of sorting living


    • Taxonomy things into groups

    •Classification The study of principles of


    classification
    Early systems
    Aristotle – Plants or Animals
    Animals split into groups:
    — Live and move in the water
    — Live and move on land
    — Move through the air
    Carl Linnaeus
    — Observable features
    — Use of microscopes
    — Divided plants into 24
    classes
    — Classes based largely on
    the amount, union and
    length of stamens

    Artificial classification ( colour, size, no legs...)


    Carl Linnaeus

    Carl Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist who is considered


    the “Father of Taxonomy”. He lived in the 1700’s.
    — He developed a system of naming and classifying
    organisms that we still use today.
    — Binomial nomenclature – using two terms to indicate
    the genus and species of an organism. Example:
    Streptococcus pyogenes.

    Genus species
    Taxonomy is the
    branch of
    biology that
    deals with the
    naming and
    classification of
    life forms. There
    are 7 different
    levels of
    classification.
    “King Philip Came Over For Good Soup”
    Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
    ß Less in Common - - - - - - More in Common à
    — Each kingdom is made up of many phyla; each
    phylum is made up of many classes, each class is
    made up of many orders, etc.
    — If two different organisms are within the same species,
    it means both organisms are considered close
    ‘relatives’ and share similar characteristics or traits.
    — Species – This is the smallest group of living things. They can breed
    with each other to produce fertile offspring.
    — The scientific name for an organism uses the ‘genus’ and ‘species’. Here
    are two examples:
    1. Homo sapiens = Human being
    Genus species
    Note that the first
    letter of the ‘genus’ is
    2. Escherichia coli = E. coli bacteria
    capitalized while the
    Genus species
    first letter of the
    species is a lower-case
    letter.
    Basic Classification
    Domains:
    — There are three Domains Archaea
    of living organisms based
    on their characteristics:

    — Archaea (also called


    Archaebacteria)
    Eubacteria
    Eukaryota
    — Eubacteria (also
    called Bacteria)

    — Eukaryota (also
    called Eukarya)
    Basic Classification
    Kingdoms:
    The Domains can also be split into Kingdoms which
    further divide the organisms by their characteristics.

    Protist is not a kingdom


    anymore !!!
    Domain Archaea Aerial view of hot spring at Yellowstone

    “Archaea” means “ancient” bacteria.


    Organisms in Archaea are:
    — Unicellular
    — Prokaryotic
    — Autotrophic or heterotrophic
    — Organisms that reproduce asexually
    — Bacteria that have adapted to extreme environments.
    — Some can survive in extremely hot environments, like
    around hot springs and geysers. They are called
    thermophiles.
    — Some can survive in extremely salty environments, like
    The Great Salt Lake in Utah. They are called halophiles.

    The Domain Archaea has one Kingdom, also called


    Archaea
    Domain Eubacteria
    “Eu” means “true” bacteria. They are:
    — Unicellular Many are common
    — Prokaryotic infectious agents.
    — Autotrophic or heterotrophic
    — Organisms that reproduce asexually
    — The most abundant organisms on
    earth. One bacterium can give rise to
    10 million in 24 hours.
    — Found in almost every habitat on
    earth.

    The Domain Eubacteria has one


    Kingdom, also called Eubacteria.
    Terminology:

    — The Domains Archaea and Eubacteria are commonly


    grouped together in discussion and called
    prokaryotes because they lack membrane-bound
    nuclei and membrane-bound organelles.

    Nucleus
    and
    Organelles
    The 3 Kingdoms in Eukaryota
    Protista Plantae
    Mostly unicellular and microscopic Multicellular green plants
    Autotrophic or heterotrophic Autotrophic through photosynthesis
    Can be infectious agents Have a cell wall

    Examples: Examples:
    •Amoeba •Mosses
    •Algae •Ferns
    •Daphnia •Trees
    •Plasmodium (causes malaria) •Flowering Plants
    Fungi Animalia
    Multicellular Multicellular Animals
    Heterotrophic Heterotrophic
    Decomposers No Cell Wall
    Can be infectious agents
    Examples:
    Examples: •Insects
    •Mushrooms •Spiders
    •Athlete’s foot •Crabs
    •Bread Mold •Birds
    •Humans
    D
    O K
    M
    I
    A N
    I G
    N
    D
    S O
    M
    S

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