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    Gravity is a force of attraction between any two masses that follows Newton's law of universal gravitation. Gravity causes tides on Earth due to the moon and sun's pull, keeps planets orbiting stars and moons orbiting planets. Einstein's general relativity describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime due to mass and energy. On Earth, gravity accelerates objects at around 9.81 m/s2 near the surface. Microgravity in space stations creates a sensation of weightlessness through continuous free fall. Gravitational lensing and waves provide evidence of gravity predicted by Einstein's theory.

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    Nowy Dokument Tekstowy

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    Gravity is a force of attraction between any two masses that follows Newton's law of universal gravitation. Gravity causes tides on Earth due to the moon and sun's pull, keeps planets orbiting stars and moons orbiting planets. Einstein's general relativity describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime due to mass and energy. On Earth, gravity accelerates objects at around 9.81 m/s2 near the surface. Microgravity in space stations creates a sensation of weightlessness through continuous free fall. Gravitational lensing and waves provide evidence of gravity predicted by Einstein's theory.

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    Gravity is a force of attraction between any two masses that follows Newton's law of universal gravitation. Gravity causes tides on Earth due to the moon and sun's pull, keeps planets orbiting stars and moons orbiting planets. Einstein's general relativity describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime due to mass and energy. On Earth, gravity accelerates objects at around 9.81 m/s2 near the surface. Microgravity in space stations creates a sensation of weightlessness through continuous free fall. Gravitational lensing and waves provide evidence of gravity predicted by Einstein's theory.

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    12 views2 pages

    Nowy Dokument Tekstowy

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    CuCumber CC
    Gravity is a force of attraction between any two masses that follows Newton's law of universal gravitation. Gravity causes tides on Earth due to the moon and sun's pull, keeps planets orbiting stars and moons orbiting planets. Einstein's general relativity describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime due to mass and energy. On Earth, gravity accelerates objects at around 9.81 m/s2 near the surface. Microgravity in space stations creates a sensation of weightlessness through continuous free fall. Gravitational lensing and waves provide evidence of gravity predicted by Einstein's theory.

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    Class Notes: Introduction to Gravity

    Definition:

    Gravity is a force of attraction that exists between any two masses, any two
    bodies, any two particles. It is quantitatively described by Newton's law of
    gravitation.
    Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation:

    Every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line
    intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two
    masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them:

    2
    F=G
    r
    2

    m
    1

    m
    2

    Where:

    F is the force between the masses,

    G is the gravitational constant (


    6.67430
    ×
    1
    0
    −
    11

    m
    3

    kg
    −
    1

    s
    −
    2
    6.67430×10
    −11
    m
    3
    kg
    −1
    s
    −2
    ),

    1
    m
    1

    and

    2
    m
    2

    are two masses,

    r is the distance between the centers of the two masses.


    Effects of Gravity:

    Tides: Caused by the gravitational pull of the moon (and to a lesser extent, the
    sun) on Earth.
    Orbital Motion: Planets orbit stars, and moons orbit planets due to gravitational
    attraction.
    Galactic Movement: Stars within galaxies are held together by gravity. Galaxies can
    also gravitate toward one another.
    Gravity and General Relativity:

    Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity describes gravity as a curvature in


    the spacetime fabric caused by mass and energy. Objects move along the curved paths
    determined by this geometry, which we perceive as gravitational force.
    Gravity on Earth:

    Earth's gravitational acceleration, denoted

    g, averages approximately
    9.81

    m/s
    2
    9.81m/s
    2
    at the surface. This means objects in free-fall near the Earth's surface
    accelerate at this rate due to gravity (ignoring air resistance).
    Microgravity:

    Often mistakenly called "zero gravity." In environments like the International


    Space Station (ISS), objects and astronauts are in continuous free-fall toward
    Earth but move forward at such a speed that they keep missing it. This creates a
    sensation of weightlessness.
    Notable Observations:

    Gravitational Lensing: Predicted by Einstein's theory of relativity, massive


    objects like galaxies can bend and magnify light from objects behind them.
    Gravitational Waves: Ripples in spacetime caused by massive objects accelerating,
    like colliding black holes. Detected by LIGO in 2015.

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