NARRATIVE TEXT

 Definition of Narrative Text :

Narrative text is a type of text that contains a story or series of events that are connected to
each other. Generally, stories written in narrative text are imaginative or fabricated solely
created by the author.
 The Purpose of Narrative Text : Narrative text aims to entertain and interest the reader.

 Language Features of Narrative Text:

1. Past Tenses : Past Tenses are definitely used in narrative texts because they narrate
events in the past. There arethree types of past tenses that characterize narrative
text, namely Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense dan Past Perfect Tense.
a. Simple Past Tense: used to express an event that occurred in the past.
Example: She felt something cracking right beneath her.
b. Past Continuous Tense: used to express an event that is taking place in the
past. Example: One day, she was waiting for her eggs to hatch.
c. Past Perfect Tense: used to express that there was an event or action that
was completed at some point in the past, before any other event (in the past
as well) occurred. Example: Mama duck had promised herself, that she would
love all her children equally.
2. Adverb of Time (Keterangan Waktu) : Narrative text is usually told with a sequence of
events or storyline that we usually call a plot. Therefore, in the narrative text there
must be an adverb of time or a description of time. Example: Once upon a time, One
day, This time and Until one day.
3. Time Conjunction (Kata Hubung Waktu) : In addition to time descriptions, you can
also find time conjunction or time hyphens in the narrative text. Example: When,
Until, After, Before, As, As soon as, Since, While and Once.
4. Direct Speech (Kalimat langsung) : Direct speech is a direct remark uttered by
someone in the story. So, it's as if the reader can feel the atmosphere like in the
story.
 “This one looks nothing like his brothers and sisters,” one of them sneered.
Example sentences direct speech You must often find the above when reading short
stories or novels.

 Kinds of Narrative Text : Types of narrative texts include stories fairytales, mysteries,
horror stories, sci-fi (science fiction), and romance.
 Generic Structure of Narrative Text :
1. Orientation : It is the opening part of a narrative text story. This section introduces
the characters in the story (characters) and the setting of the story which includes
the setting of the place, time, atmosphere, and social conditions (setting).
2. Complication : This section contains problems that occur in a story. In more detail,
complication is further divided into 3 parts, namely:
a. Rising action: Problems are starting to appear
b. Climax: The peak of the problem
c. Falling action: The tension of the problem began to decline, and began to find
a point of resolution.
3. Resolution : This section contains the completion or end of a narrative text story. A
story can close with a happpy ending, a sad ending, or a cliffhanger.
4. Re-orientation : The last part of the narrative text structure usually contains
conclusions, moral values, or changes in the character at the end of the story. This
reorientation is optional because it does not always have to be present in a narrative
text.
 CONTOH NARRATIVE TEXT
The Lost Baby of Orangutan

One day at the forest in Borneo Island, there was a baby orangutan who lost his
parents. He was so sad and he did not know how to find his parents.

He lost his parent after some humans broke the forest and his home to make an oil
palm plantation. The baby orangutan was very angry and he disliked human so
much.

 Orientation

He walked somewhere to find his parents even he did not know where. It was not
easy for him because along of his trip, he found some predators that wanted to eat
him.

Luckily he was safe and could run and hide at a high tree. In the night, he was lonely
and he cried along the time. The cry made some birds felt pity of him.

In the morning, there was a bird that told him about his parents. The bird had seen
his parent after traveling from the west side of the jungle. The bird said that his
parents were caught by some humans and brought them at a house.

The baby orangutan was so angry hearing that story. He decided to walk to the west
side to find the place where his parents were.

In his mind, he thought that all human was cruel and bad. He was afraid that the
human would kill his parents. After long time walking, finally the baby orang utan
came at a beautiful forest in which there was a human house with some big cage.
The baby also saw a lot of orang utan lived there happily with some humans.

 Complication

He walked closer to the cage and saw his parents there. The baby orangutan cried
and ran quickly to his parents. They were so happy because they could finally meet
again.

The parents told the baby that the place was a home for all orangutans that had no
home after the forest was torn down. They asked the baby whether he liked to stay
there. He quickly agreed.

 Resolution

The sanctuary staff later found the family in a corner and put the baby into the
rescue program. It made the baby orangutan believe again that there was still
humanity in a human.

 Reorientation
 CONTOH SOAL NARRATIVE TEXT

Question for numbers 1-5.

Long, long ago, when the gods and goddesses used to mingle in the affairs of
mortals, there was a small kingdom on the slope of Mount Wayang in West Java. The King,
named Sang Prabu, was a wise man.

He had an only daughter, called Princess Teja Nirmala, who was famous for her
beauty but she was not married. One day Sang Prabu made up his mind to settle the matter
through a show of strength.

After that, the Prince of Blambangan, named Raden Begawan won the competition.
Unfortunately, the wicked fairy, Princess Segara fell in love with Raden Begawan and used
magic power to render him unconscious and he forgot his wedding.

When Sang Prabu was searching, Raden Begawan saw him and soon realized that he
had been enchanted by the wicked fairy. The fairy could not accept this, so she killed Raden
Begawan. When Princess Teja Nirmala heard this, she was very sad. So a nice fairy took her
to the Kahyangan.

1. Which one of the following statements is false about Sang Prabu?

A. Sang Prabu was the father of his only daughter.

B. Sang Prabu was a king of a kingdom in West Java.

C. Sang Prabu was taken to Kahyangan by a wicked fairy.

D. Sang Prabu was a wise man.

2. Why the wicked fairy did use her magic to make Raden Begawan unconscious?

A. She didn't like Raden Begawan.

B. She didn't want Raden Prabu to marry the princess.

C. She wanted Teja Nirmala to forget about her wedding.

 D. She didn't want the prince of Blambangan to marry the princess.

3. What do you think will happen if gods or goddesses cannot mingle in the affairs of people
on earth at that time?

A. Princess Segara will have married Raden Begawan.

B. Sang Prabu will not hold a strength competition.

C. Raden Begawan will not die.

D. Wicked Fairy will not take Raden Begawan's life.

4. So a good fairy took him to Kahyangan. (Paragraph 2) The word here in the sentence
refers to ...

A. The wicked fairy

B. The nice fairy

C. Princess Nirmala

D. Prince Teja

5. The similarities between fairies and humans according to the text are.....

A. The place they live.

B. The jealousy that they possess.

C. The way they don't feel love.

D. The strength they have.

Question for numbers 6-15.

A long time ago, very few people lived in the New Territories. There were only a few
villages. If the people wanted to go from one village to another, they often had to pass
through wild and unsafe forests.

One day, a farmer's young wife went to the next village to visit her own mother and
brother. She brought along her baby son. When it was time for her to leave, her brother said
"it is getting dark. Let my son, Ah Tim go with you through the forest".
 So Ah Tim led the way and the young woman followed behind, carrying her baby.
When they were in the forest, suddenly they saw a group of wolves. They began to run to
avoid the danger, but Ah Tim kicked against a stone and fell down.

At once the wolves caught him. The young woman cried to the wolves, "please eat
my own son instead". Then, she put her baby son on the ground in front of the wolves and
took her nephew away. Everyone understood that this was because the woman was very
good and kind. She had offered her own son's life to save her nephew.

They ran back to the house and called for help. All men in the village fetched thick
sticks and went back with her into the forest. When they got there, they saw something
very strange. Instead of eating the woman's baby, the wolves were playing with him.

6. What separated one village from another for so long in the New Territories?

A. Another village

B. Mountains

C. Forests

D. Hills

7. Who is Ah Tim?

A. The young woman's brother.

B. The young woman's son.

C. The young woman's brother and nephew.

D. The young woman's brother's son.

8. Who walks ahead when they are in the forest?

A. Ah Tim

B. The woman

C. The woman's son.

D. Her brother's nephew.

 9. How could a wolf catch Ah Tim?

A. He was afraid.

B. He was stumbled by a stone.

C. He ran slowly.

D. The woman cried.

10. The woman gave her son to the wolf because...

A. She loved her nephew than her son.

B. She thought about how her brother would be.

C. She wanted her son was eaten by the wolves.

D. She was crazy.

11. What do the villagers carry sticks for?

A. For the weapon to beat the wolves.

B. To bring the woman's nephew.

C. For the fire woods.

D. For play

12. "all men in the village fetched thick stick ..." The word "fetched" has a similar meaning to:

A. Received

B. Caught

C. Got

D. Hit

13. From that passage we learn that those villages ...

A. Located in one huge area.

B. Situated in a large district.

 C. Separated by untamed jungles.

D. Wild and unsafe.

14. The brother let his son go with his aunt when he left home because ...

A. Ah Tim wanted to see the wolves.

B. His aunt wanted him to come along.

C. Ah Tim was bored living with his parents.

D. Ah Tim would be a guardian for them.

15. What is the purpose of the author writing the above story?

A. To describe the danger of the villages.

B. To entertain the readers of the story.

C. To tell the villagers relationship.

D. To explain how important a relative is.

 DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

 Definition of Descriptive Text :

Descriptive text is a text that describes a particular object in detail. A text that
describes or describes a person, animal or thing in its shape, properties, number and others.
 The Purpose of Narrative Text : The purpose of descriptive text is to describe an object
in detail. The purpose of descriptive text is to describe or describe an object in detail. These
objects can be people, animals, things, or places.
 Language Features of Descriptive Text :
1. Adjective Descriptive text is inseparable from adjectives or adjectives. When
describing an object, we must use adjectives, such as big, small, tall, short,
smart, friendly, and so on.
2. Simple Present Tense Simple Present Tense is commonly used to state facts or
general truths, as well as customs. When describing an object, we will use this
type of tense because what we describe from the object is fact.
3. Adverb of Frequency : The adverb of frequency is an adverb that is useful for
indicating how often an activity is performed.
 Geniric Structure of Descriptive Text :
1. Identification: contains an introduction to a person, place, animal or object to be
described.
2. Description: contains a description of something such as an animal, object, place
or person by describing its characteristics, shapes, colors, or anything related to
what the author describes.
 CONTOH DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

MY FAVORITE ROOM

Identification : My favorite room in the whole world is my own bedroom in my parents’ house.
It has everything that I want in this life: a comfortable bed that faces a wide
window on the east side of the room. So, when I wake up in the morning and
swipe the window curtain, the light of sunrise enters the room little by little,
creates a beautiful silhouette and warms the whole room. On the right corner of
room near the window, there’s a study desk that was once my father’s. Next to
that desk, there’s a white wardrobe where I put all of my clothes.

Description : In front of the wardrobe, at the other side of the room, there’s a yellow bookshelf
where I put half of my book collection. I choose the collor yellow so it matches
the collor of my bedroom wall. Next to the bookshelf, I have a dressing table.
And next to that dressing table is whe
 CONTOH SOAL DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Question for number 1-2

Angkor Wat was faced a Hindu temple, a man of Budhist temple completed in Cambodia. It
is the largest religious monument in the world. The temple was built by the Khmer King,
Suryawarman II in the early twelveth century in Yosadapura, the capital of the Khmer
Empire as this temple of eventual moslem. It is dedicated to Wisnu. It is designed to
represent Khmer Meru, frame of the Devis in Hindu mithology within the mouth and has an
outer wall which is 3 to 7 km long. It has three rectangular galleries which races about the
neck. At the centre of the temple stand Queen Cap of Tower.

1. What is the monologue about?

A. Gallery complex.

B. Buddhist mythology.

C. Cambodia.

D. Khmer Empire.

E. Angkor Wat.

2. In the twelfth century, which Empire was strong enough to build the largest temple in the
world?

A. Old Empire.

B. Yosadapura Empire.

C. Meru Empire.

D. The King Empire.

E. Khmer Empire.

Question for number 3-4

Paris is the capital city of France. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It is also
one of the world’s most crowded cities. Lovely gardens and parks are found throughout
Paris. At night, many palaces and statues are lit up. For this reason, Paris is often called the
city of light. Every year, millions of people visit Paris. The most popular place to visit is the
Eiffel Tower. This huge structure has become the symbol of Paris. D’Louvre, one of the
world‘s largest art museums draws many visitors. The Cathedral Notre Dame, a famous
church, is an other favourite place to visit.

3. What is the monologue about?

A. Paris

B. The Louvre

C. Notre Dame

D. The crowded city

E. The city of light

4. What is the symbol of Paris?

A. The Louvre

B. The Cathedral

C. The Eiffel Tower

D. The lovely garden

E. The light structure

Question for number 5-10

Natural Bridge National Park is luscious tropical rainforest.

It is located 110 kilometers from south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific
Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numinbah Valley. This scenic
roadway lies in the shadow of Lamington National Park.

The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch’ and the cave through which a
waterfall cascades is a short one-kilometer walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the
main picnic areA. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools. Night-time visitors to the cave
will discover the unique feature of the glow worms. Picnic areas offers toilets, barbeque,
shelter sheds, water and fireplaces; however, overnight camping is not permitted.

5. What does paragraph 1 do?

A. as an identification
B. as an orientation
C. as a thesis
D. as a classification
E. as an abstract

6. The above text is in the form ......

A. hortatory exposition
B. narrative
C. description
D. report
E. explanation

7. What is the communicative purpose of this text?

A. to present two points of views about natural bridge national park

B. to explain the bridge national park
C. to describe the bridge national park
D. to retell the bridge national park
E. to persuade readers to treat preserve the bridge nationl park

8. Where is the natural bridge national park located?

A. 110 kilometers from South of Brisbane

B. 110 kilometers from Pacific Highway
C. 110 kilometers from Numinbah Valley
D. 110 kilometers from Lamington National Park
E. 110 kilometers from Nerang
9. What will visitors see at night?

A. a common glow worm

B. the unique feature of the glow worms
C. a great dark cave
D. the unique rocks
E. the fantastic bridge

10. The word ' luscious' inthe natural text means...

A. succulent
B. dense
C. dull
D. dry
E. arid
 EXPOSITION TEXT

 Definition of Exposition Text :

A type of writing that explains knowledge or information based on facts to convince
the audience or interlocutor. The information in this text is generally conveyed briefly,
clearly, concisely, but still accurately. Exposition text is usually made to express the author's
opinion to discuss important issues that are currently crowded and hot to discuss. Because it
contains the opinions and arguments of the author, usually the exposition text can cause
pros and cons in the midst of society which will certainly have an impact on the author
himself.
 The Purpose of Exposition Text : To explain information or ideas about various aspects
of life (economy, environment, health, etc.) and influence readers to agree with the
opinions expressed by the author in response to an issue. Exposition text can be easily
found in mass media.
 Language Features of Exposition Text :
1. Use simple present tense : Because the exposition text is factual writing, aka
non-fiction, the tense used is simple present which states the present condition.
However, this rule is not an absolute rule.
2. Use conjunction : In the exposition text, there is a structure of the author's
argument that is connected with the discussion of the topic. So, exposition texts
use a lot of conjunction in writing sentences, for example, such as so, therefore,
the reason.
3. Use a lot of cause and effect word : Cause and effect words are also commonly
referred to as causal conjunction, which are words or phrases that you can use
to convey the reason or explanation of an action that occurs.
4. Use connective words : In exposition text, you can use both types of connective
words to connect word to word, sentences with sentences, or become a link
between phrases.
 Kinds of Eksposition Text :
1. Analytical Exposition : Expositionbegins with a statement from the author to
show their attitude and position in response to an issue or theme to be
discussed.
2. Hortatory Exposition : Thetext of the exposition begins with a statement in the
form of a hot or viral issue to be raised as the theme of the writing.
 Generic Structure of Narrative Text :
1. Thesis : This part is also referred to as a general statement that acts as an
opening in the exposition text.
2. Arguments : After introducing the issue, of course the next stage is to convey the
arguments or opinions you have to support the issue or topic of writing. In this
case, arguments can be personal opinions, logical reasons, relevant data from
reliable sources, expert statements, or other supporting facts.
3. Reiteration : This section contains the author's conclusion or conclusion on the
overall topic discussed at the beginning.
 CONTOH EXPOSITION TEXT

The Importance of Breakfast

Why is breakfast important? “Breakfast like a King, Lunch like a Prince and Dine like a
Pauper” It’s a well known phrase, but do you follow it?

Breakfast provides many benefits to our health and wellbeing. Breakfast provides the body
and brain with fuel after an overnight fast – that’s where its name originates, breaking the
fast! Without breakfast you are effectively running on empty, like trying to start the car with
no petrol!

Breakfast support cognitive function. Breakfast also restores glucose levels, an essential
carbohydrate that is needed for the brain to function. Breakfast provides energy, studies
have shown how eating breakfast can improve memory and concentration levels and it can
also make us happier as it can improve mood and lower stress levels.
 CONTOH SOAL EXPOSITION TEXT

Analytical Text 1

In Australia there are three levels of governments, the federal government, state
governments and local governments. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is
so for number of reasons. First, the federal government is necessary for the big things. They
keep the economy in order and look after like defense. Similarly, the state governments look
after the middle sized things. For example they look after law and order, preventing things
like vandalism in school. Finally, local government look after the small thins. They look after
things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have disease. Thus for the reason
above, we can conclude that the three levels of the government are necessary.

1. What kind of text is the above?

A. Analytical Exposition

B. Report

C. Hortatory Exposition

D. Explanation Text

E. Descriptive text

2. Who is in charge of defense?

A. Federal government

B. State Government

C. Federal and State Government

D. Federal and Local Government

E. Local Government
3. Waste management is a responsibility....

A. all governments

B. Australia

C. Federal government

D. State governement

E. Local government

Analytical Text 2

As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents.

Firstly, cars, as we all know contribute the most of pollution in the world. Cars emit a deadly
gas causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and trigger of asthma. Some of these
illness are so bad that people can die from them.

Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander every where and cars commonly hit
pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or
concentrate in your homework, and especially talk to someone.

In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.

4. What kind of text is the above?

A. Narrative.

B. Report.

C. Analytical.

D. Explanation.

E. Description.

5. What is one of the diseases caused by pollution?

A. HIV / AIDS
 B. Bronchitis

C. Liver

D. Fever

E. Cholera

6. What tense is mostly used in the text?

A. Past tense

B. Simple present tense

C. Simple perfect tense

D. Present continuous tense

E. Past continuous tense

7. We usually refer to the last paragraph as .........

A. Resolution

B. Reiteration

C. Conclusion

D. Recommendation

E. Twist

8. What is the purpose of this text?

A. to persuade reader about the Cars Should Be Banned In The City

B. to explain the characteristics the Cars Should Be Banned In The City

C. to inform readers about Cars Should Be Banned In The City

D. to describe Cars Should Be Banned In The City

E. to entertain readers about Cars Should Be Banned In The City

9. The following sentences are true, except ...

 A. the cars contribute the most of pollution in the world.

B. the cars are very noisy.

C. the cars can also cause many deaths and other road accidents.

D. the car cans accelerate the transport.

E. the cars today are our roads biggest killers.

Analytical Text 3

Everybody should change their way of life to reduce global warming. There are several
things that we can do. One of them is by buying and consuming fresh local groceries as
much as possible. It of course includes local vegetables, fruits, bread, etc.

Local groceries don’t need much transportation to get it into the market. It of course means,
the amount of carbon dioxide produced is less than the groceries from other region.
Therefore, by buying local groceries we are helping reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
produced.

Consuming fresh groceries instead of frozen ones are healthier for us. Furthermore, fresh
food or groceries means no requirements for it to be freeze up. It means that no electricity
is needed and saving energy means reducing carbon dioxide and money.

So, from now on we should consume fresh local groceries to reduce global warming.

10. This text gives us information about .......

A. The ways to minimize global warning

B. The ways to increase global warning

C. The effects of global warning

D. The importance of consuming local groceries

E. The importance of knowing global warning

11. To reduce global warming we must: ....

A. Buy import product

 B. Buy expensive clothes

C. Consume frozen foods

D. Consume fresh foods

E. Not use electricity efficiently

12. “We are helping reduce the amount of global warming”. (Paragraph 2) The word the
reduce can be replaced with ....

A. Increase

B. Decrease

C. Improve

D. Add

E. Maximize

Analytical Text 4

There is no best way to deal with pests in agriculture. Pesticides which are commonly used
may cause many problems. I think combining different management operations is the most
effective way to control pests.

Firstly, the chemicals in the pesticides may build up as residues in the environment and in
the soil which absorbs the chemicals. This reduces the quality of farm product.

Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides. This means that newer and
stronger ones have to be developed.

Lastly, some pesticides affect non target plants and animals such as fish and bees. This
affects the ecology and environment as well.

So, understanding of ecology of an area helps a lot in pest control. Pesticides should be
chosen and applied carefully so that they don’t affect the ecological balance and
environment.

Therefore, integrated pest management is a safe and more effective option to fight pest in
agriculture and livestock.
13. Which of the following is not directly affected by the pesticides used?

A. Plants

B. Ecology

C. Animals.

D. Environment.

E. Human Beings

14. What can you say about paragraphs two and four?

A. The fourth paragraph supports the idea stated in paragraph two.

B. Both paragraphs tell about the disadvantages of using pesticides.

C. Both paragraphs tell about how pesticides affect the quality of farm products.

D. The statement in paragraph is contrary to the statement in paragraph four.

E. The second paragraph tells about the effects of using pesticides on animals
mentioned in paragraph four.

15. One of the disadvantages of using chemical pesticides is...

A. killing fish and bees.

B. increasing crops productivity.

C. creating balanced ecosystem.

D. causing the pests to become inactive

E. helping reduce pollutants in the environment.

16. “Secondly, pests can gradually become resistant to pesticides”. (Paragraph 3). The word
resistant In the above sentence means ...

A. weak

B. fragile
C. damage

D. unaffected

E. unbalanced