Article 1693372767
Article 1693372767
Article 1693372767
922
Review Article
Vishwakarma et al. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL
World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research
AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301
www.wjpmr.com Wjpmr
Dr. Ritoo Vishwakarma1*, Dr. Jitendra Pandagre2, Dr. Mahendra Dasondhi3 and Dr. Mahendra Raghuwanshi4
1
PG Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, Rani Dullaiya Smriti Ayurved P.G. College and Hospital, Bhopal.
2
Associate Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Rani Dullaiya Smriti Ayurved P.G. College and Hospital, Bhopal.
3,4
Assistant Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Rani Dullaiya Smriti Ayurved P.G. College and Hospital, Bhopal.
ABSTRACT
Ayurveda, a medicinal plant based traditional Indian Medicine system plays an important role in health care today
to world population as an alternative and contemporary medicine. India is known as the "Emporium of Medicinal
plants" due to abundance of several thousands of medicinal plants in the different bioclimatic zones. Martynia
diandra, locally known as “Vinchchuda” (English name - “Devil’s claw”), Family- Martyniaceae, has a diverse
pharmacological and phytochemical properties. Martynia diandra Glox., is a small herbaceous annual medicinal
plant, a native of Mexico, however, found throughout India. In Ayurveda, Martynia diandra Glox. is known as
“kakanasika”. The entire plant contains biologically active constituents such as luteolin, flavonoids and phenolic
compounds that have been reported to show potentially significant pharmacological activities. Therefore, the herb
is widely used in traditional systems of medicines. However, the studies of the pharmacological activities are
inadequate and further research is required for the determination of the therapeutic benefits as well as the toxic
effects of the plant. The aim of this review article is to gather and summarize the information related to
Pharmacognostical, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, traditional and pharmacological activities of Martynia diandra
Glox.
Table 1.
Sr. NO. Name of Nighantus Synonyms Rasa Panchak References
काकनासा
ध्वान्क्षनासा
Dhanwantari Nighantu काकतुण्डफ़ऱा Rasa – Tikta
1. 9
[10th century A.D] सरु ङ्गी Virya - Ushna
तस्करस्नायु
ध्वाङ्षतुन्क्डफ़ऱा
IV. PHARMACOGNOSTICAL REVIEW Stems: green, robust, branched and covered with
SYNONYMS glandular hairs. Flowers are drooping, large, pale mauve
Martynia Annua Linn. or lavender in short spikes at the end of branches. They
Martynia angulosa Lam. are tubular shaped 4-6 cm long, pink and dark purple
Martynia proboxidea Glox blotched with yellow inside, foxglove shaped, ill-
Carpoceras longiflora A. smelling and terminate in 5 spreading lobes with a
Disteira angulosa (Lam). prominent spot between each lobe.
Proboscidea cordifolia moench
Leaves: large, simple, opposite, green in colour, broadly
Vernacular Names [11] ovate to triangular-ovate, glandular hairy, 9–22 × 9–20
cm, cordate at base with sinoulate-dentate margin and
English: Devil’s claw, Tiger’s claw, shanke’s Head;
acute apex, sticky as often covered with glutinous dew-
Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu: Hathajori, Bichu;
like substance. Glandular hairs exude a slimy sap which
Gujarati: Vichchida;
gives the plant a clammy feel.
Marathi: Vinchu;
Tamil - Thelkodukkukkay; Pulinagam; Flowers: Flowers are purplish white, bell shaped with
Malayalam: Puli– Nakam; dim purple markings. Pedicels 1– 2 cm long, thickening
Telugu: Garudamukku,Telukondicchhettu; and recurved. Calyx is around 15-20 mm long. Corolla is
Konkani: Shernui; around 55-65 mm, tube around 35-45 mm long. Corolla
Bengali: Bagbnoki. is pipe shaped campanulate, spotted on the inward
surface, the spots yellow, pink or purple. Stamens are
two.
Fruits: oblong, green and fleshy when young, becoming yellowish brown to dark brown with rough surface and
black and woody when mature, 3-4 cm long, 1-1.5 cm peeled root is pale yellow in colour.
wide tapering into a long beak (claw), which splits into
two sharp re-curved hooks when dry. Claws are shorter The scientific classification[14]
than the body of the fruit. Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Seeds: Seeds are flat, blackish brown and elongated, two Class: Angiosperms
seeds present in each pod, usually remaining inside the Order: Lamiales
pod. Racemes are long, erect and terminal. Family: Martyniaceae
Genus: Martynia
Root: Roots of Martynia diandra shows cylindrical and Species: Martynia Diandra
slightly tapering shape. Colour of the unpeeled root is
Table 2.
Sr. No. Parts of the plant Phytoconstituents Reference
Cyanidin 3- galactoside, p-Hydroxy benzoic acid, Snapic
1 Flowers 15
acid, Gentisic acid.
Chlorogenic acid, Fatty acid [Palmitic acid, Stearic acid,
2 Leaves 15
Arachidic acid], p-Hydroxy benzoic acid, Snapic acid.
Arachidic acid, Linoleic acid, Malvolic acid, Oleic acid,
3 Seeds Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Apigenin and Apigenin-7-O-beta 17
Glucuronide.
Gentisic acid, Fatty acids [Palmitic acid, Stearic acid,
4 Fruits 15
Linolic acid, Oleic acid].
Pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside
5 Whole plant, Flowers 22
Cyanidin-3-galactoside
Oleic acid
6 Whole plant, Seed 22
Apigenin, Apigenin-7-O-beta- D- glucuronide
Table 3.
Sr. No. Traditional uses Plant part Preparation Reference
1 Antidote to venomous stings Leaves Paste 30
2 Scorpian stings Fruit Paste 25
3 Antifertility Root Extract 30
4 Alexiteric Fruit Paste 27
5 Applied to tuberculous Glands Leaves Paste 27
6 Epilepsy Leaves Paste 23
7 Gargle Leaves Paste 27
8 Inflammations Fruit Paste 27
9 Scabies Ripe Fruit Oil 29
10 Scabies Leaves Whole 23
11 Sedative Root Paste 29
12 Tinea corporis fruit Oil 29
13 To kill bugs Leaves As such 29
14 Epilepsy Leaves Paste 23
15 Cancer & Rheumatism Root Paste 26
16 Neck cancer Leaves whole 30
17 Treatment of Tuberculosis & sore throat Leaves & Roots whole 33
18 Eczema Fruit oil Oil for local application 34
Asthma, Itching (Seeds)
19 Seeds & fruits Powder 33
& Eczema(fruits)
20 Tonic Root Boiled with milk 26
Table 4.
Reference
S.NO. Type of activity Plant Part Description
number
The chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of Martynia
annua L. leaves were studied on gram positive and gram negative
bacteria for antibacterial activity. The extracts show antibacterial
action for different bacteria. Chloroform extract showed higher
antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis
Antibacterial and B. thuringensis. Ethyl acetate extract was potentially
1 Leaves 24
activity effective against Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Klebsiella
pneumonia and Salmonella paratyphi AandB while the methanol
extract, shows greater antibacterial potential towards Proteus
vulgaris, B. subtilis, S. paratyphi B and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. By Disc Diffusion method, antibacterial activity was
carried out.
The antifertility effect of 50% ethanol extract of Martynia annua
L. root on male rates at dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body
Antifertility weight were studied. The result revealed significant decreases in
2 Root 28
activity the weights of testes, epididymitis, seminal vesicle and ventral
prostate on male rats. Moreover, the antifertility effect was found
dose dependent without changing general body metabolism.
The antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanol extract of
Martynia annua L. leaves were studied by in vitro methods,
namely, reducing power assay, DPPH radical-scavenging
Antioxidant activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, H2O2 radical
3 Leaves 39,40
activity scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging assay,
hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, and total antioxidant
capacity. The higher antioxidant activity was found in methanolic
extract compared to aqueous extract (Nagda et al., 2009).
Rameshroo et al. reported in vitro antioxidant activity of M.
annua from its fruit oil. Superoxide radical and DPPH radical
methods were used for assessing antioxidant effect where IC50
Antioxidant
4 Fruit oil being 87.56 μg/ml and 106.80 μg/ml correspondingly. Fruit oil 41
activity
exhebits 87.25 ± 1.13 mg per 100 grams of total polyphenol
substance. As per the study report it is a prospective source of
natural antioxidants.
The wound healing effect was studied by methanol fraction of
ethanolic extract of Martynia annua L. leaves shows significant
by stimulating of wound contraction and epithelialization as well.
Wound Healing Moreover the phytochemical studies was tested and evaluated
5 Leaves 34
activity that the methanol fraction mainly contains flavonoid, luteolin
which were responsible for enhancement of wound healing
process by the free radical scavenging mechanism (Lodhi and
Singhai, 2011; Dhingra et al., 2013).
The antidiabetic activity of methanol extracts of Martynia annua
L. flower in induced diabetic Wistar rats which induced by
streptozotocin (STZ) and Streptozotocin- Nicotinamide (STZ-
NIC). The extract showed tremendous reductions in blood
Anti-diabetic
6 Flower glucose, triglyceride and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and 23
Activity
showed the increased HDL levels in diabetic rats (after 21 days).
A result discovered that the extract exhibited good antidiabetic
activity in STZ and STZ-NIC which induced diabetic rats
(Kenwat et al., 2013).
Gastro-protective The gastroprotective activity of methonolic extract of Martynia
7 Leaves 35
Activity annua L. leaves in rats with 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body
VII. DISCUSSION isolated from this medicinal plant has been effectively
being used in many health related issues since a long
Martynia diandra Glox. belongs to the family
time. This herb is widely used in traditional systems of
Martyniaceae, which is widely grown plant throughout
medicines, however, the studies of the pharmacological
India and has many valuable medicinal properties. Our
activities are inadequate and further research is required
Literature review revealed that, so far, very less research
for the determination of the therapeutic benefits of the
work has been done on this versatile plant. The plant has
plant. In view of the wide-ranging medicinal value of
been used as Analgesic and Antipyretic, Anthelmintic,
Martynia dindra Glox. plant as described in Ayurvedic
Antibacterial, Anti-convulsant Antinociceptive and
literature, it is imperative that more clinical and
Central Nervous System (CNS) depressant, Anticancer,
pharmacological trials are needed to investigate the
Antifertility, Antioxidant, Wound Healing, Antidiabetic,
unexploited potential of this plant. The present review
Gastroprotective, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Activity.
work provides a wide area of interest for planning and
According to Adarsh Nighantu; Martinia Diandra Glox.
conducting research on this wonderful plant for the
also has a strong diuretic property. As per Aacharya
development of novel drug for the future.
Bapalal Vaidya, the fruit of “Kakanasa” has a
resemblance of a beak of crow, however, “Martynia
IX. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Nil.
diandra” seed is trikantak (3 hooks) in shape just like
hoof of cow. “Trikantak” is the synonym given to
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