HA 2022 B1 Foundation 2667-2768
HA 2022 B1 Foundation 2667-2768
HA 2022 B1 Foundation 2667-2768
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DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 27
GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 27
PIL1.D010.9 GENERAL ........................................................................................................ 27
PIL1.D020.9 ACCEPTABLE PILE TYPES .......................................................................... 27
PIL1.D030.9 ACCEPTANCE OF THE DESIGN .................................................................. 27
PIL1.D040.9 DESIGN CERTIFYING CONSULTANT ........................................................ 27
Specification Library 2022 Edition (Batch 1) PIL /3
PILING AND FOOTING PIL > TABLE OF CONTENTS
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MATERIALS ............................................................................................................................. 39
GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 39
PIL1.M010.9 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER .................................. 39
PIL1.M020.9 SAMPLES ......................................................................................................... 39
PIL1.M030.9 TEST CERTIFICATES .................................................................................... 39
PIL1.M040.9 QUALITY ASSURANCE ................................................................................ 39
PIL1.M050.9 COLOUR CODE SYSTEM OF STEEL PILE SECTIONS ............................. 39
STEEL PILES ................................................................................................................................... 40
PIL1.M110.9 'H' PILES AND PLATES.................................................................................. 40
PIL1.M120.9 STEEL PIPE PILES .......................................................................................... 40
PERMANENT CASINGS ................................................................................................................ 40
PIL1.M210.9 TYPE 5 PILES .................................................................................................. 40
PILE SHOES..................................................................................................................................... 40
PIL1.M310.9 GENERAL ........................................................................................................ 40
PIL1.M320.9 TYPES 1A AND 1B PILES .............................................................................. 40
PIL1.M330.9 STRAPS AND FASTENINGS FOR CAST PILE SHOES FOR
TYPES 1A AND 1B PILES .............................................................................. 41
PIL1.M340.9 TYPE 1C PILES ............................................................................................... 41
PIL1.M350.9 TYPE 4 PILES .................................................................................................. 41
GROUT AND CONCRETE ............................................................................................................ 41
PIL1.M410.9 GROUT ............................................................................................................. 41
PIL1.M420.9 GROUT FOR TYPES 5, 6 AND 7 PILES ........................................................ 41
PIL1.M430.9 FILLING TO STEEL PIPE PILES ................................................................... 41
PIL1.M440.9 CONCRETE FOR PILE CAPS AND FOOTINGS .......................................... 42
ANCILLARY MATERIALS ........................................................................................................... 42
PIL1.M510.9 PAINT FOR STEEL PILES AND STEEL OR CAST IRON
COMPONENTS................................................................................................ 42
PIL1.M520.9 WELDING ELECTRODES .............................................................................. 42
PIL1.M540.9 EARTH FILLING ............................................................................................. 42
MECHANICAL COUPLER FOR TYPE 5 PILES ....................................................................... 42
PIL1.M610.9 TYPE OF MECHANICAL COUPLER ............................................................ 42
PIL1.M620.9 SUBMISSION .................................................................................................. 42
PIL1.M630.9 QUALITY ASSURANCE SCHEME FOR MECHANICAL
COUPLER ........................................................................................................ 42
WORKMANSHIP ..................................................................................................................... 43
GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 43
PIL1.W010.9 REQUIREMENTS OF THE CONTRACT ....................................................... 43
PIL1.W020.9 REQUIREMENTS OF THE CONTRACTOR'S DESIGN ............................... 43
PIL1.W030.9 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE OF PILES ................................. 43
PIL1.W040.9 COLOUR MARKINGS OF STEEL PILE SECTIONS BY
STOCKISTS OR SUPPLIERS PRIOR TO DELIVERY .................................. 43
PIL1.W055.9 CONTOUR PLAN SUBMISSION FOR TYPE 4 PILES ................................. 43
PIL1.W070.9 SUBMISSION OF DRIVING FORMULA FOR TYPE 4 PILES .................... 44
Specification Library 2022 Edition (Batch 1) PIL /5
PILING AND FOOTING PIL > TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PROTECTION ................................................................................................................................. 45
PIL1.W110.9 COATING STEEL PILES AND COMPONENTS ........................................... 45
ACCURACY AND TOLERANCES ............................................................................................... 45
PIL1.W210.9 GENERAL ........................................................................................................ 45
PIL1.W220.9 EXCESSIVE DEVIATION .............................................................................. 45
PLANT AND EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................... 45
PIL1.W310.9 APPROVAL...................................................................................................... 45
PIL1.W320.9 SUBMISSIONS ................................................................................................ 45
PIL1.W330.9 PILE HAMMER ............................................................................................... 45
PIL1.W340.9 FOLLOWERS ................................................................................................... 46
PIL1.W350.9 VERIFICATION OF EFFICIENCY ................................................................. 46
PIL1.W360.9 VIBRATION CONTROL ................................................................................. 46
PIL1.W370.9 EXCESSIVE VIBRATION .............................................................................. 46
PIL1.W380.9 DEPLOYMENT OF SELF-OWNED PILING PLANTS FOR PILING
CONTRACT ..................................................................................................... 46
PIL1.W390.9 DEPLOYMENT OF SELF-OWNED PILING PLANTS FOR
COMBINED PILING AND BUILDING CONTRACT ................................... 47
DRIVING .......................................................................................................................................... 47
PIL1.W410.9 LENGTH OF DRIVEN PILES ......................................................................... 47
PIL1.W420.9 PROXIMITY TO CAST INSITU PILES ......................................................... 47
PIL1.W430.9 DRIVING STRESSES FOR STEEL PILES ..................................................... 47
PIL1.W440.9 TEMPORARY BRACING FOR DRVIEN PILES ........................................... 47
PIL1.W450.9 BITUMEN SLIP LAYER FOR DRIVEN PILES ............................................. 47
PIL1.W460.9 PROPRIETARY PILES WITH PROTECTIVE COATING ............................ 47
PIL1.W470.9 DRIVING PILES DESIGNED NOT TO REST ON BEDROCK - FOR
CONTRACTOR'S DESIGN PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED
PILING AND BUILDING CONTRACT ......................................................... 47
PIL1.W480.9 DRIVING PILES DESIGNED NOT TO REST ON BEDROCK - FOR
ENGINEER'S DESIGN PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING
AND BUILDING CONTRACT ....................................................................... 48
PIL1.W490.9 DRIVING PILES DESIGNED TO REST ON BEDROCK .............................. 49
PIL1.W500.9 FOUNDING LEVEL OF DRIVEN PILES ....................................................... 49
PIL1.W510.9 PENETRATION OF DRIVEN PILES FOR ENGINEER'S DESIGN
PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING AND BUILDING
CONTRACT ..................................................................................................... 49
PIL1.W515.9 PENETRATION OF DRIVEN PILES FOR CONTRACTOR'S
DESIGN PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING AND
BUILDING CONTRACT ................................................................................. 49
PIL1.W520.9 FINAL SETS OF DRIVEN PILES FOR ENGINEER'S DESIGN
PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING AND BUILDING
CONTRACT ..................................................................................................... 49
PIL1.W525.9 FINAL SETS OF DRIVEN PILES FOR CONTRACTOR'S DESIGN
PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING AND BUILDING
CONTRACT ..................................................................................................... 49
PIL1.W530.9 STEEL SET CHAIR ......................................................................................... 50
INSTALLATION OF TYPE 3 PILES ............................................................................................ 50
PIL1.W610.9 BELL-OUT ....................................................................................................... 50
PIL1.W620.9 RISK MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR TYPE 3 PILE ........................................ 50
INSTALLATION OF TYPES 5, 6 AND 7 PILES ......................................................................... 50
PIL1.W710.9 GENERAL ........................................................................................................ 50
PIL1.W720.9 TRIAL PILES ................................................................................................... 50
PIL1.W730.9 INCLINATION OF PILES ............................................................................... 51
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TESTING ................................................................................................................................... 70
TESTING GENERALLY ................................................................................................................ 70
PIL1.T010.9 NUMBER AND DISPOSITION OF TEST PILES .......................................... 70
PIL1.T020.9 REQUIRED MINIMUM NUMBER OF TESTS .............................................. 70
PIL1.T030.9 PROOF TEST ................................................................................................... 70
PIL1.T040.9 BATCH OF MECHANICAL COUPLER FOR TYPE 5 PILES ...................... 70
PRELIMINARY DRIVEN PILES .................................................................................................. 71
PIL1.T110.9 PRELIMINARY PILES - TYPES 1, 2 AND 4 FOR CONTRACTOR'S
DESIGN PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING AND
BUILDING CONTRACT ................................................................................. 71
PIL1.T120.9 PRELIMINARY PILES - TYPES 1, 2 AND 4 FOR ENGINEER'S
DESIGN PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING AND
BUILDING CONTRACT ................................................................................. 71
PIL1.T130.9 INSTRUMENTATION..................................................................................... 72
PIL1.T140.9 FAILURE OF PRELIMINARY PILES ............................................................ 72
SAMPLING AND TESTING FOUNDING LEVELS TO PILE TYPES 3, 4, 5, 6 AND 7 ........ 72
PIL1.T210.9 PROVING BEDROCK BEFORE INSTALLATION OF TYPE 3
PILES ................................................................................................................ 72
PIL1.T220.9 PROVING BEDROCK BEFORE REACHING FOUNDING LEVEL
FOR TYPE 3 PILES ......................................................................................... 73
PIL1.T230.9 PROVING BEDROCK BEFORE INSTALLATION OF TYPES 5
AND 6 PILES AND OF TYPE 4 PILE DRIVEN TO BEDROCK .................. 73
Specification Library 2022 Edition (Batch 1) PIL /9
PILING AND FOOTING PIL > TABLE OF CONTENTS
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APPENDICES............................................................................................................................ 95
PIL1.APPEND2.9 CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF FURTHER
INSPECTIONS/TESTS .................................................................................... 95
PIL1.APPEND3.9 PILE DRIVING RECORD (PRECAST CONCRETE,
PREFABRICATED STEEL AND DRIVEN CAST-IN-PLACE PILES)
........................................................................................................................... 96
PIL1.APPEND4.9 PILE DRIVING RECORD (BORED CAST-IN-PLACE PILES) .................... 98
PIL1.APPEND5.9 PILE LOAD TEST RECORD......................................................................... 100
Specification Library 2022 Edition (Batch 1) PIL /11
PILING AND FOOTING PIL1 > GENERAL
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DEFINITIONS
PIL1.G010.9 DEFINITIONS
In this Worksection, the following definitions are used:
1. "Piling Contract" shall mean a foundation contract for which the scope of works
includes construction of foundation and does not include the construction of
superstructure;
2. "Combined Piling and Building Contract" shall mean a contract for which the
scope of works includes the construction of both the foundation and the
superstructure;
3. "Contractor's Design Piling Contract / Combined Piling and Building Contract"
shall mean a Piling Contract / Combined Piling and Building Contract for which
the scope of works includes design of piles and/or pile caps and/or footings;
4. "Engineer's Design Piling Contract / Combined Piling and Building Contract"
shall mean a Piling Contract / Combined Piling and Building Contract for which
the scope of works does not include design of piles and/or pile caps and/or
footings and the design of such works is provided by the CM.
DESIGN RESPONSIBILITY
PIL1.G110.9 DESIGN RESPONSIBILITY
The design responsibility for piles, pile caps and footings is to be specified in the
Project Specific Specification.
STANDARDS
PIL1.G210.9 PILING
Comply with the Code of Practice for Foundations and the relevant Building
Regulations of Hong Kong.
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PILE TYPES
PIL1.G310.9 GENERAL
1. This Specification applies to pile types 1 to 7 as defined in clauses PIL1.G320 to
PIL1.G375 below;
2. Where relevant, this Specification applies equally to any other type of pile.
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SITE INVESTIGATION
PIL1.G410.9 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS
1. Tenderers may make preliminary investigations or sink test piles as they require
and at their own cost. Arrangements for access to the Site can be made, on
application to the CM, at least seven days in advance;
2. The period for carrying out site investigation by tenderers is specified in the
Project Specific Specification.
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b. Oscillator or rotator;
c. Reverse circulation drill (RCD);
d. Pile driving hammer;
e. Pile driving rig.
4. The Piling Sub-contractor shall comply with the following in deploying self-
owned plants listed in sub-clauses (3)(a) to (3)(e) above:
a. Self-owned plants of the Piling Sub-contractor shall mean plants owned by
the Piling Sub-contractor or by the Piling Sub-contractor's parent, sister or
subsidiary company for the exclusive use of the Piling Sub-contractor;
b. All the plants deployed to Site shall be in good working conditions;
c. Deploy at least one number of self-owned plant that are required to be used
on Site;
d. Submit documents to prove his ownership of the plants and, if applicable,
the relationship between the Piling Sub-contractor and the Piling Sub-
contractor's parent, sister or subsidiary company;
e. Submit document to confirm no further subcontracting of his part of the
works.
5. The Contractor shall supply piling materials, which form whole or part of
permanent works, to the Piling Sub-contractor;
6. A probity clause shall be included in the Piling Sub-contract such that:
"If the Piling Sub-contractor or any of his agents or employees are found to have
offered or given advantage, gratuity, bonus, discount, bribe or loan of any sort to
any agent or employee of the Contractor, Hong Kong Housing Authority or
Housing Department, the Contractor shall at liberty forthwith terminate the
employment of the Piling Sub-contractor under the Piling Subcontract. The
Contractor, Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department shall hold
the Piling Sub-contractor liable for any loss or damage which the Contractor,
Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department may thereby sustain."
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4. The Piling Sub-contractor shall comply with the following in deploying self-
owned plants listed in sub-clauses (3)(a) to (3)(e) above:
a. Self-owned plants of the Piling Sub-contractor shall mean plants owned by
the Piling Sub-contractor or by the Piling Sub-contractor's parent, sister or
subsidiary company for the exclusive use of the Piling Sub-contractor;
b. All the plants deployed to Site shall be in good working conditions;
c. Deploy at least one number of self-owned plant that are required to be used
on Site;
d. Submit documents to prove his ownership of the plants and, if applicable,
the relationship between the Piling Sub-contractor and the Piling Sub-
contractor's parent, sister or subsidiary company;
e. Submit document to confirm no further subcontracting of his part of the
works.
5. The Contractor shall supply piling materials, which form whole or part of
permanent works, to the Piling Sub-contractor;
6. A probity clause shall be included in the Piling Sub-contract such that:
"If the Piling Sub-contractor or any of his agents or employees are found to have
offered or given advantage, gratuity, bonus, discount, bribe or loan of any sort to
any agent or employee of the Contractor, Hong Kong Housing Authority or
Housing Department, the Contractor shall at liberty forthwith terminate the
employment of the Piling Sub-contractor under the Piling Subcontract. The
Contractor, Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department shall hold
the Piling Sub-contractor liable for any loss or damage which the Contractor,
Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department may thereby sustain."
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"If the Piling Sub-subcontractor or any of his agents or employees are found to
have offered or given advantage, gratuity, bonus, discount, bribe or loan of any
sort to any agent or employee of the Piling Sub-contractor, the Contractor, Hong
Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department, the Piling Sub-contractor shall
at liberty forthwith terminate the employment of the Piling Sub-subcontractor
under the Piling Sub-subcontract. The Piling Sub-contractor, the Contractor,
Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department shall hold the Piling
Sub-subcontractor liable for any loss or damage which the Piling Sub-contractor,
the Contractor, Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department may
thereby sustain."
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"If the Piling Sub-subcontractor or any of his agents or employees are found to
have offered or given advantage, gratuity, bonus, discount, bribe or loan of any
sort to any agent or employee of the Piling Sub-contractor, the Contractor, Hong
Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department, the Piling Sub-contractor shall
at liberty forthwith terminate the employment of the Piling Sub-subcontractor
under the Piling Sub-subcontract. The Piling Sub-contractor, the Contractor,
Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department shall hold the Piling
Sub-subcontractor liable for any loss or damage which the Piling Sub-contractor,
the Contractor, Hong Kong Housing Authority or Housing Department may
thereby sustain."
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DESIGN
GENERAL
PIL1.D010.9 GENERAL
All specification clauses in this section shall be applied to Contractor's Design Piling
Contract / Combined Piling and Building Contract only unless otherwise stated.
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DESIGN SUBMISSIONS
PIL1.D210.9 SUBMISSIONS OF PILING AND/OR FOOTING DESIGN AT
COMMENCEMENT OF THE WORKS
Submit four copies of drawings, calculations and any other relevant documents
related to piling and/or footing design for Approval not later than 7 days from the
notified date for commencement of the Works. The submissions shall include
relevant foundation plans and supporting documents as described in clause 2.7 and
clause 5.4.1, as appropriate, of the Code of Practice for Foundations. Any
submission not to the satisfaction of the CM shall be re-submitted. Allow 37 days
for each submission and re-submission for the checking of the CM.
DESIGN PARAMETERS
PIL1.D320.9 DESIGN LOAD
All loads shown on the CM's drawings are deemed dead loads and imposed loads as
defined in the Building (Construction) Regulations, irrespective of whether they are
indicated on the drawings as characteristic or designed loads. Such loads have not
been multiplied by the partial safety load factors.
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13. Notwithstanding sub-clause (10) above, in relation to the design, the Contractor
may establish unit side resistance and unit tip resistance of the driven piles to be
used in the Contract for various ground conditions and depths by preliminary
pile loading tests in addition to those described in PIL1.T110 or separate side
resistance and tip resistance tests. If design parameters derived from loading
tests are to be used, submit the locations and instrumentation details of the
proposed preliminary piles for such verification purpose, and a testing
programme all to the satisfaction of the CM with the tender. The number of
preliminary piles shall be sufficient to establish the lower bound design value for
each major stratum with sufficient independent results for that stratum. Carry
out all loading tests for this purpose at own cost, without any extension of time
and complete them within two months of the notified date for the
commencement of the Works. In the event of any failure to complete the above
loading tests within two months of the notified date for the commencement of
the Works, then no piling work, except for the loading tests, will be permitted to
proceed any further until the completion of the loading tests, unless otherwise
Approved. Bear the cost of any delay in this connection. No claim for
additional costs or any extension of time will be considered by the CM;
14. In checking the allowable buckling capacity of Types 5 and 6 piles, the lateral
restraints from the grout, steel casing if permanent and the surrounding soil may
be allowed. Do not apply sub-clause (5) above to Types 5 and 6 piles.
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SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS
PIL1.D510.9 REQUIREMENT
Design piles and/or footings which are not to be completely resting on bedrock to
include settlement calculations based on the design layout and depths of piles to be
installed and/or footings to be constructed.
PIL1.D550.9 SCHEDULE
Include, in the design, a separate schedule of basic principles, procedures and
assumptions citing the source reference, page numbers and, in addition, the method
of deriving rock mass and/or soil mass properties used in the design.
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PT 3
c. Dp Fd
EI
where:
E = elastic modulus of pile material in kN/m².
I = moment of inertia of pile cross section in m4.
nh = coefficient of variation of sub-grade reaction in kN/m³. For the
purpose of calculation, a suggested value of nh is given in the Project
Specific Specification. Take responsibility to ensure that the assumed
value of nh on which the design is based is adequate for this Contract.
Carry out boreholes, soil tests and other tests to verify to the
satisfaction of the CM, the assumed value of nh. Should the values of
nh so verified require more piles and / or pile cap quantities, carry out
any necessary redesign, extra piling work etc. at own expense and
without any extension of time.
T = relative stiffness of pile soil system, m.
Mp = moment at depth z, KNm.
Dp = deflection at depth z, m (25 mm maximum).
Fm = moment coefficient at depth z, as given in page 7.2 - 239 Fig. 12 of
"FOUNDATIONS AND EARTH STRUCTURES, DESIGN
MANUAL 7.2", May 1982 Edition, published by the Department of
the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command.
Fd = deflection coefficient at depth z as given in page 7.2 - 239 Fig 12 of
"FOUNDATIONS AND EARTH STRUCTURES, DESIGN
MANUAL 7.2", May 1982 Edition, published by the Department of
the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command.
P = horizontal load in kN.
2. Check the combined effect due to horizontal forces and vertical forces;
3. For a group of piles, reduce the coefficient of variation of sub-grade reaction
(nh), which is a function of pile spacing in the direction of loading, as below:
Spacing nh group Spacing nh group
8D 1.00nh 4D 0.40nh
6D 0.70nh 3D 0.25nh
Notes:
(1) D = pile diameter or diagonal width. Pile spacing normal to the direction
of loading has no influence provided it is greater than 2.50D.
(2) Subgrade reaction is to be reduced in the direction of loading.
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2. Within two months following the notified date for the commencement of the
Works and before the commencement of any pile cap works on Site: four copies
of working drawings for the pile caps for Approval. Submit, for Approval, any
revisions made subsequent to this Approval.
DESIGN GUIDELINES
PIL1.D910.9 MANDATORY GUIDELINES
Comply with the mandatory design guidelines as given in the Project Specific
Specification.
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MATERIALS
GENERAL
PIL1.M010.9 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH TENDER
Submit information of major materials proposed to be used in the piling works with
the tender.
PIL1.M020.9 SAMPLES
Test representative samples of all materials being incorporated into the permanent
works to show compliance with this Specification.
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b. Red colour: for steel pile sections not conforming to the Specification.
STEEL PILES
PIL1.M110.9 'H' PILES AND PLATES
Quality requirements:
1. Complying with BS EN 10025 Part 1-6:2004; and
2. Use steel H-piles of types and brands recognized by BD. Material properties
shall comply with the requirements stated in the recognition documentation
issued by BD. Each section shall contain manufacturer's identification marked
on it by means of engraving or similar techniques approved by the CM.
PERMANENT CASINGS
PIL1.M210.9 TYPE 5 PILES
1. Material: Grade S275 to BS EN 10210 Part 1-2:2006 for Hot-Finished Hollow
Section and BS EN 10219 Part 1-2:2006 for Cold-Formed Hollow Section;
2. Minimum thickness: 5.0 mm;
3. Internal diameter: not less than the finished pile diameter shown or scheduled on
the Drawings;
4. Free from:
a. Significant distortion and of uniform cross-section throughout the whole
length;
b. Internal projections which might prevent the proper formation of the piles.
PILE SHOES
PIL1.M310.9 GENERAL
1. Submit full details of pile shoes together with the tender when specified in the
Project Specific Specification;
2. Take all necessary precautions including, where appropriate, or if required in the
Project Specific Specification, the provision of specially designed pile shoes to
protect the ends of the piles during driving.
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PIL1.M330.9 STRAPS AND FASTENINGS FOR CAST PILE SHOES FOR TYPES 1A
AND 1B PILES
Manufactured from steel complying with Grade S275 to BS EN 10025:2004, cast
into the point of the shoe to form an integral part of the shoe.
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ANCILLARY MATERIALS
PIL1.M510.9 PAINT FOR STEEL PILES AND STEEL OR CAST IRON COMPONENTS
Approved proprietary epoxy based paint.
PIL1.M620.9 SUBMISSION
Submission of the details of the mechanical coupler shall be in accordance with
CON3.M320.
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WORKMANSHIP
GENERAL
PIL1.W010.9 REQUIREMENTS OF THE CONTRACT
Construct the works in a manner such as to satisfy the requirements of the Contract.
In the event of any failure to comply with this requirement, rectify as necessary, until
the requirements of this Specification are met.
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3. Within 14 days after completion of the additional drillholes in the sub-clause (2)
above, submit a plan showing the minimum depth of each pile, based on the
Approved contour plan. The minimum depth shall in all cases be deeper than or
equal to the depth as estimated from the Approved contour plan;
4. The contour plan in sub-clause (2) above shall be prepared and certified by the
Design Certifying Consultant as provided in PRE.B6.060 and submit to the CM
for approval;
5. Failure to comply with the above requirements may cause delay in the
commencement of driving piles to final set. The Contractor shall be responsible
for any time and cost implication in connection with such failure in complying
with the above requirements.
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PROTECTION
PIL1.W110.9 COATING STEEL PILES AND COMPONENTS
Protect all steel piles from cut off level to a level as given in the Project Specific
Specification and all steel and cast iron components in contact with soil of all other
types of pile from corrosion by coating with at least two coats of an Approved coal
tar epoxy paint. Apply the paint to a sufficient thickness to be suitable for resistance
to damage during the driving process and be durable without deteriorating in the
substrata environment. Prepare steel or metal surfaces and apply paint in accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions.
PIL1.W320.9 SUBMISSIONS
1. Submit full details of plant, driving rig and hammer proposed to be used, with
the tender;
2. For Type 7 piles, submit full details of plant, piling rig and auger proposed to be
used, with the tender.
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d. Blow-rate;
e. Impact energy;
f. Stroke height (single-acting only).
PIL1.W340.9 FOLLOWERS
Where followers are used, make allowance for a reduction of the efficiency of the
pile hammers and the followers when calculating the driving resistance.
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DRIVING
PIL1.W410.9 LENGTH OF DRIVEN PILES
Drive to a minimum net length below cut off level of 4500 mm.
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8. Where a pile depth greater than that required by sub-clause (1)(a) is considered
necessary by the CM as mentioned in sub-clause (1)(b) above, the full length of
pile up to the depth as instructed by the CM shall be measured and paid
accordingly;
9. Final set measurements and set measurements mentioned in the Specification
shall include but not be limited to the measurements of set per blow, and
temporary compression of pile and quake (elastic rebound) for determination of
load carrying capacity of the pile.
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2. Ensure that the size of the auger is checked and verified on ground before
excavation of the piles. Advance the auger at a continuous rate preventing
removal of excessive soil. Stop advancement after reaching the required
embedment depth;
3. Prior to raising the auger, maintain a minimum grout head of 2 m. Determine
the grout quantity by counting pump strokes and using the pre-determined grout
volume per pump stroke. Maintain positive (clockwise) rotation of the auger at
all times during placement of the grout. Coordinate the rate of grout injection
and auger withdrawal so as to maintain:
a. Sufficient grout head at all times;
b. The incremental grout factor for each 1.5 m increment shall be not less than
the smallest value obtained in the trial pile installation and in no case less
than 1.15;
c. The total grout factor shall be not less than the value established in the trial
pile installation and in no case less than 1.4;
d. The grout-return depth shall be equal to or greater than the grout head
pumped at the bottom of the pile and shall be at least 2 m.
4. If grout pumping is interrupted for any reason, or if discontinued grout or slurry
return at the ground surface is observed, or when grout pumping is interrupted or
discontinued during pumping each truckload of grout, lower the auger at least
1.5 m below the level where the interruption occurred while pumping grout
continuously;
5. If the volume of grout placed in any 1.5 m increment resulting in the incremental
grout factor less than the minimum value observed in the trial pile installation,
lower the auger 1.5 m or to the bottom of the pile if that is less, followed by
controlled auger withdrawal while maintaining grout injection;
6. Provide auger turning and hoisting equipment enabling the auger to be rotated
continuously in a positive (clockwise) direction while being withdrawn at a
steady and continuous rate while pumping grout;
7. Clear away promptly the excess spoil accumulated around the auger due to the
drilling process and grout injection;
8. Reinforcement cages to be free of soil, auger spoil or other deleterious materials
prior to insertion into the grouted shafts;
9. Upon completion of the grouting operation and before the grout reaching its
initial set, install the reinforcement cage immediately by lowering the
reinforcement cage under its own weight to the specified level within the pile
shaft. Prohibit vibrating or pushing the cage with equipment;
10. Pile excavation shall not be carried out within a centre to centre distance of 6
pile diameters from any pile under excavation or any newly cast pile with
completion time elapsed not more than 24 hours.
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UNDERGROUND OBSTRUCTIONS
PIL1.W910.9 OBSTRUCTIONS TO PILES FOR CONTRACTOR'S DESIGN
1. When underground obstructions are encountered at any depth during piling
operations, propose full details of the intended means of overcoming
underground obstructions (the "intended means") for Approval prior to the
works being put in hand, which Approval shall not relieve the Contractor of the
responsibility for designing, constructing and completing the Works in
accordance with the Contract;
2. The intended means shall not cause any adverse impact including, but not
limited to, considerations of lateral stability, safe load carrying capacity and/or
structural integrity, on the pile to be constructed and the piles already
constructed; and
3. The Approved intended means shall be implemented and the obstructions shall
be overcome by the Contractor at his own risk in respect of cost and time
including the cost and time necessary to obtain Approval.
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4. Within 7 days upon completion of the investigation, prepare and submit to the
CM for agreement a layout plan showing the number, locations and depths of the
proposed pre-bored holes, which shall be reviewed and resubmitted when more
information about the anticipated underground obstructions is available. The
CM will consider available ground investigation, wash-boring results, other
investigation findings, and other supporting documents as he considers relevant
in approving or disapproving the proposed pre-boring requirements. The CM
shall have sole discretion on the location and depth of pre-bored holes;
5. Subject to the approval by the CM, carry out the pre-bored holes to remove the
anticipated underground obstructions. The Contractor shall make due allowance
in his programme and pricing to comply with this requirement;
6. The Contractor shall be entitled to payment for the cost of Approved pre-boring
work valued at the rates priced in the Bills of Quantities, but not be entitled to
any claim for extension of time or any other cost claim. For the avoidance of
doubt, irrespective of the repetitive operations of Approved pre-boring work
done for the installation of a pile due to multi-layers of obstructions, the
Contractor is only entitled to payment for one pre-bored hole based upon the
deepest depth of pre-boring, subject to the requirement that the pile is
successfully installed eventually;
7. When the pre-boring proposed by the Contractor for a specific pile location was
disapproved by the CM, but subsequently underground obstructions are
encountered during installation of the pile and pre-boring is further proposed by
the Contractor and Approved by the CM, the Contractor is entitled to payment
for the cost of pre-boring as per sub-clause (6) above but not entitled to any
claim for extension of time or any other additional cost;
8. When no ground investigation and no pre-boring as in sub-clause (2) above are
proposed by the Contractor for a specific pile location, but underground
obstructions are encountered during installation of the pile and pre-boring is
proposed by the Contractor and Approved by the CM, the Contractor is not
entitled to payment for the cost of pre-boring and any claim on extension of time.
The Contractor shall bear the risk in respect of cost and time to overcome the
underground obstructions for that pile;
9. Other than the payment as per sub-clauses (6) and (7) above, the Contractor shall
not be entitled to any other additional costs or claim for extension of time in
connection with overcoming underground obstructions;
10. Bear all responsibility in the planning, executing and completing the
Works and allow sufficient time in programme of the Works for the above
requirements.
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PIL1.W1240.9 TESTING
Test after mixing and sieving and before injection as PIL1.T330.
PIL1.W1260.9 INJECTION
Obtain prior Approval for the method of placing the grout and:
1. Use an injection pump of the positive displacement type;
2. Measure the grout intake volume by a method agreed by the CM. Calibrate the
measuring device and submit a calibration report to the CM 7 days before trial
mix of grout is made;
Specification Library 2022 Edition (Batch 1) PIL /59
PILING AND FOOTING PIL1 > WORKMANSHIP
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3. Fill the entire shaft, inside the casing, solidly with grout, without voids,
honeycombing or other defects; and
4. Cast each pile in one continuous operation and under no circumstances leave a
pile partially grouted even if this involves working beyond normal hours and
rates are to allow for such circumstances.
CONCRETING
PIL1.W1310.9 GENERAL
1. Obtain Approval for the method of placing concrete;
2. Ensure that the entire shaft is solidly filled with concrete without voids,
honeycombing or other defects.
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2. Excavate to expose, cut off and trim pile heads to the required levels, backfill
with General Filling Material and import Special Filling Material to make up
voids, and remove debris from Site.
PILING RECORDS
PIL1.W1510.9 GENERAL
Keep accurate and comprehensive records of each pile installed and submit daily a
copy of these records signed by the site representative, to the CM, of each pile
installation to its final position.
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REMEDIAL MEASURES
PIL1.W1610.9 PILES DESIGNED TO REST ON BEDROCK FOR CONTRACTOR'S
DESIGN PILING CONTRACT / COMBINED PILING AND BUILDING
CONTRACT
When piles originally designed in accordance with PIL1.D410 do not satisfy the
founding conditions stated in that clause or the workmanship requirement stated in
PIL1.W490, the original design would be rejected. In this case, redesign the pile(s)
in the same pile cap already installed and to be installed, as piles not found on
bedrock in accordance with all the requirements for piles not found on bedrock.
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SPLICING PILES
PIL1.W1710.9 GENERAL
Where lengthening of a pile becomes necessary, or is directed by the CM, carry it
out by the method directed or by any other Approved method. Do not resume the
driving of a lengthened pile without the permission of the CM.
WELDING
PIL1.W1810.9 TESTING OF WELDERS
As Worksection STR1.
PIL1.W1850.9 STANDARDS
Weld by electric arc welding:
1. Comply with Worksection STR1 for welding Standards;
2. Where grade S450 steel H-piles are used, ensure that welding procedures is
carried out on Site and Approved.
PIL1.W1860.9 PREPARATION
Ensure the surface to be welded is free from all scale, grease, paint and rust and other
matter.
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PIL1.W1880.9 FINISHING
After every run of weld, chip out slags, and thoroughly wire brush surfaces.
PIL1.W1890.9 DEFECTS
Make good any defects in a weld, such as distortion, spatter, cracks, undercut, slag
holes, unequal width of bead, irregular ripple etc to the satisfaction of the CM.
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2. After submitting the report specified in sub-clause (1) above, request the CM to
select piles for proof tests. The Contractor may, however, seek the CM's
agreement to select piles for proof tests after submitting part of the report; in
such an event, submit the outstanding part of the report not later than the time of
submitting Form ICU14 as specified in sub-clause (3) below. Allow the CM 21
days to select piles for proof tests in accordance with PIL1.T030. If
resubmission of the report is required, allow the CM another 21 days to select
piles for proof tests after resubmission;
3. Upon satisfactory completion of the proof tests, complete and submit Form
ICU14 and report of further remedial work, if any, to the CM on block by block
basis, unless otherwise agreed by the CM.
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"If the results of tests for compressive strength of concrete for pile caps / tie
beams / footings as carried out on the 28th day after casting, received by the CM
on a date after the issue of the certificate of completion, fail to comply with the
specified 28-day compressive strength tests requirements for concrete of the pile
caps / tie beams / footings prescribed in the Contract, the Contractor shall carry
out further tests and / or remedial works, all at the Contractor's expenses, and
shall bear all costs, expenses and loss of the Employer due to failure of the tests.
Irrespective of whether the Site or the concerned part thereof be handed over to
others at a later date, or if the Site or the concerned part thereof has been handed
to others before the commencement of the remedial works, the Employer shall
be at liberty to carry out such remedial works by his own workers or by other
contractors or allow the Contractor to carry out the whole or remaining part of
the remedial works. In any case, the Contractor shall indemnify and keep
indemnified the Employer against all losses, liabilities, damages, costs, legal
costs, professional fees and other expenses of any nature whatsoever the
Employer may suffer, sustain or incur, whether direct or consequential, arising
out of or in connection with the carrying out and completion of the whole or
remaining part of the remedial works."
3. The Contractor shall bear all associated costs and the extra time required for
complying with the requirements of this clause.
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TESTING
TESTING GENERALLY
PIL1.T010.9 NUMBER AND DISPOSITION OF TEST PILES
The number and disposition of the piles to be tested will be as Instructed. Make
allowance for testing one preliminary pile early in the Contract to provide reasonable
assurance that the Specification will be met.
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6. Unless otherwise instructed by the CM, the Contractor may choose to pitch the
first sections of working piles before the test result is known. If any of the
loading tests fail, the CM may order the installation of additional piles and the
repetition of the procedures specified in this clause until a successful result is
achieved.
PIL1.T130.9 INSTRUMENTATION
1. Instrument the preliminary pile with calibrated strain gauges to determine the
distribution of side resistance in each major soil stratum down the pile and tip
resistance in the bearing stratum during the loading test;
2. Propose, for the above purpose, the type, number and locations of strain gauges
to be installed in each preliminary pile as well as the method of installation and
protection of the strain gauges;
3. Acceptance of the Contractor's proposal by the CM shall not relieve the
Contractor from the responsibility for ensuring the proper installation of the
strain gauges and their satisfactory performance during load testing of the piles;
4. Check the performance of the strain gauges installed in the preliminary pile
before and after installation of each segment of the pile into the ground, and
before and during load testing of the pile;
5. The preliminary pile will be deemed unacceptable should there be more than
20% of the required total number of installed strain gauges not functioning
properly during load testing of the pile;
6. Install an additional preliminary pile as PIL1.T110;
7. No claim for an extension of time will be allowed in connection with the
provisions of this clause;
8. Take strain gauge reading at each incremental change of test load during the load
test;
9. Present the strain gauge results by an Approved personal computer compatible
spreadsheet software in both tabular and pictorial forms agreed by the CM;
10. Submit two copies of the data stored on floppy diskettes to the CM within one
week after completion of the loading test.
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a. Extract rock core samples from the core holes in the presence of the CM or
his representatives and provide records of bores for CM's inspection;
b. When Instructed, carry out laboratory compression tests or field point load
tests on recovered cores to determine rock strength;
c. Submit to the CM ground investigation reports within 3 days after
completion of coring and not less than 10 days prior to the commencement
of pile excavation;
d. Take further cores at any location as the Contractor deems necessary and at
his own expense as stated in PIL1.G440;
e. Keep the rock samples and a copy of the ground investigation reports in the
container store rooms;
f. Backfill the drillholes with cement grout or Approved material.
3. Test on bearing strata:
a. Carry out the uniaxial compressive strength test or equivalent point load
index test on the founding material for piles founded on Cat 1(c) or better
rock in accordance with the testing methods stated in sub-clause (2)(b)
above. Perform a minimum of 1 such test on rock specimen obtained at the
location of each installed pile.
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a. The number of drillholes required shall be such that the pile tip of every pile
shall be within 5 metres from a drillhole and there shall be at least a drillhole
at every pile cap location.
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2. Testing samples:
a. The number of drillholes required shall be at least 2 or 1% of the total
numbers of piles, whichever is the greater.
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a. After mixing and sieving and prior to injection, take one sample from each
batch.
2. Testing methods:
a. Test the grout in accordance with ASTM C939-94 to determine the Flow
Cone Efflux time;
b. For Type 7 piles, a 19 mm diameter flowcone shall be used. Flow rates shall
be within 15 to 25 seconds.
3. Non-compliance:
a. Except with the CM's prior agreement for grout mixes containing additives
and admixtures, grout having an efflux time of less than 15 seconds will be
rejected.
VISUAL INSPECTION
PIL1.T410.9 REQUIREMENT
When Instructed, open up for inspection any piles covered up as specified in the
following clauses in this sub-section.
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PIL1.T420.9 METHOD
Excavate to expose piles for a minimum of 750 mm from face of the pile all round
and:
1. Plank and strut and shore all faces of the excavation and keep the excavation free
from water by pumping or baling;
2. Wash surfaces of piles to be inspected clean of all silt, mud or other adhering
material;
3. Deposit excavated material in temporary spoil heaps on Site;
4. After inspection, fill in and well ram to the entire satisfaction of the CM, around
the piles with Special Filling Material suitable for the piling system adopted. If
necessary, remove excavated Unsuitable Filling Material from site and make up
voids with Special Filling Material.
PIL1.T520.9 SAMPLES
Testing samples:
1. The CM will order approximately 1% of the number of the steel piles delivered
to Site to be subjected to testing in accordance with this sub-section before
driving;
2. Take two samples from the steel plates at both ends of each of the chosen piles
for tensile testing;
3. Tensile tests on steel samples will be carried out by Direct Testing Contractor.
PIL1.T530.9 NON-COMPLIANCE
In the event that the tensile test results fail to comply with this Specification, all piles
delivered on the same date will be deemed unacceptable and must be removed from
the Site.
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a. Unless otherwise specified by the CM, the sampling rate for loading tests
shall be in accordance with the following table:
Type of Category of pile Sampling rate for
loading test loading tests
i. Compression Pile designed to take compression 1% of or 1 number
Test only. from the total
number of piles
Pile designed to take reversed tension under both
and compression with tensile load categories,
resistance less than 50% of the whichever is the
compressive load resistance. greater
ii. Tension Test Pile designed to take tension only. 2% of or 1 number
from the total
Pile designed to take reversed tension number of piles
and compression with tensile load under both
resistance equals to or greater than categories,
50% of the compressive load whichever is the
resistance. greater
b. For loading tests in compression, the CM will order the Direct Testing
Contractor to carry out the tests in accordance with this Worksection;
c. For loading tests in tension, submit details of tests for CM's approval and
carry out the tests according to the Approved procedures.
3. Testing arrangements:
a. Piles will not be tested before the concrete and/or grout has attained
sufficient strength to withstand the test loads and selection of piles for
testing shall be in accordance with PIL1.T030;
b. Allow sufficient time in the programming of the Works for the CM to order
the piles to be load tested and for performing the number of tests stated
before completion of the Works or the respective Section thereof;
c. Provide attendance on the Direct Testing Contractor as Worksection
PRE.B12 or PRE.C12 as appropriate;
d. Pave the area around the test pile with chunam or other materials approved
by the CM immediately after the pile has been selected for load test. The
extent of the paved area to be determined by the CM. Keep the paved area
from being damaged prior to the load test;
e. Provide adequate site safety to cater for the possible failure of the piles
during testing;
f. For Type 7 piles, the pile shall be loaded at cut-off level. When the loading
test is carried out before trimming the pile to cut-off level, the additional
shaft friction above the cut-off level shall be taken into consideration for the
test loading. The loading test proposal shall be submitted to the CM for
approval at least 14 days before commencement of the loading test.
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PIL1.T840.9 SEQUENCE
Adopt the following sequence of testing of preliminary pile unless otherwise
instructed:
Specification Library 2022 Edition (Batch 1) PIL /79
PILING AND FOOTING PIL1 > TESTING
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PIL1.T870.9 COMPLETION
On completion of the test, remove all testing equipment etc, demolish the test pile
cap, make good the test pile and the Site back to their original condition and remove
all debris arising from the test from the Site.
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PIL1.T1040.9 SEQUENCE
The Direct Testing Contractor will adopt the following sequence of testing of
working pile unless otherwise instructed:
1. Apply the load in increments of 50%P up to the stage 1 test loading;
2. Do not apply increments of loading until the rate of settlement of the pile is less
than 0.05 mm in 10 minutes;
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3. Remove the test load and determine the recovery of the pile before resuming
loading;
4. Repeat procedures in sub-clauses (1) and (2) above for the stage 2 test loading;
5. Maintain the full stage 2 test loading for 72 hours before removal;
6. Remove the test load and record the recovery of the pile.
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a. Take full-length concrete core specimens of minimum NX size for Type 1(c)
piles or 100 mm diameter for Type 3 piles;
b. Take cores of minimum NX size down to not less than 600 mm, or one half
of the diameter of the pile base, whichever is the larger, into the rock below
the pile base;
c. Sample size: minimum 2 number or 5% of the total number of piles,
whichever is the greater.
2. Testing methods:
a. Laboratory compression tests on 3 core samples selected from the full length
concrete core; acceptance criteria for concrete core compression tests are
given in PIL1.T1240.
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PIL1.T1330.9 CORING
Testing methods:
1. For Types 1(a) and 2:
a. Direct Testing Contractor will take cores in accordance with CON1.T710 to
CON1.T760 from each of the chosen precast concrete piles for core test.
2. For Type 1(b):
a. Direct Testing Contractor will take 3 sets of 3 cores (total 9 nos.) of 76 mm
diameter taken normal to the length and from 3 transverse sections of a
chosen precast prestressed spun concrete pile in accordance with
CON1.T710 and CON1.T720 for core test;
Specification Library 2022 Edition (Batch 1) PIL /85
PILING AND FOOTING PIL1 > TESTING
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b. Where the estimated insitu cube strength of any individual core is less than
85% of the specified grade strength, comply with any instruction of the CM
for the taking of additional core samples to make up a total of 12 numbers of
core samples in the same concreting day for further tests. Allow the time
without any claim for extension of time and bear all the costs for such extra
work;
c. Assess the coring test results in accordance with CON1.T760.
3. Do not apply the provisions of CON1.T770 to precast concrete piles generally
nor those of CON1.T740 to precast prestressed spun concrete piles.
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a. During the progress of the works, the CM will require testing of the butt and
fillet welded joints to all types of piles to be examined by non-destructive
tests as follows:
i. In accordance with the requirements stated in STR1.T120;
ii. For full penetration butt weld, the testing frequency shall be 100%, in
accordance with clause 14.3.6.1 of Code of Practice for the Structural
Use of Steel 2011. The CM may, at his discretion, reduce such testing
frequency to a minimum of 10%.
b. In addition, the CM will order another Direct Testing Contractor to carry out
the same test on 5% of the tested welds again.
2. Non-compliance:
a. In the event that the result of test carried out by either one of the Direct
Testing Contractors failed, the tested weld shall be deemed not complying
with the requirement of the Contract.
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b. Half of the number of the sonic access tubes installed in a Type 3 pile shall
be used for both sonic logging test and confirmatory core testing. These
tubes shall be of 150 mm internal diameter. The remaining half number of
the sonic access tubes shall be used for sonic logging test only in accordance
with the following table.
Pile Diameter Remaining half number of the
(Pile Length) Sonic Access Tube
Less than 2 m diameter 2 nos. of internal diameter not
(Length less than 50 m) less than 42 mm
Less than 2 m diameter 2 nos. of 150 mm internal
(Length equal to or longer than 50 m) diameter
Equal to or exceeding 2 m diameter 3 nos. of internal diameter not
(Length less than 50 m) less than 42 mm
Equal to or exceeding 2 m diameter 3 nos. of 150 mm internal
(Length equal to or longer than 50 m) diameter
(Pile Length = length of bored pile measured from cut off level to founding
level)
c. Install sonic access tubes for both sonic logging test and confirmatory core
testing and those for sonic logging test only in alternate positions along the
perimeter inside the pile shaft;
d. Fit all tubes with screw-on steel watertight shoes or other Approved means
at both ends. Fix all tubes securely to the interior of the reinforcement cage
of the pile by method to be approved by the CM;
e. All sonic access tubes to be watertight including any joints, evenly spaced,
parallel to each other and to the axis of the pile, free from corrosion with
clean internal and external faces so as to allow free and unobstructed
passage of the testing probes;
f. Plug or cap all sonic access tubes before concreting. Extend the tubes along
the depth of the pile from 300 mm approximately above the pile top level
down to 1 m above the pile base for the 150 mm diameter tubes used for
both sonic logging test and confirmatory core testing, and down to 500 mm
above the pile base for the remaining half number of the sonic access tubes
used for sonic logging test only;
g. Fill up the sonic access tubes with water prior to concreting of pile and
during testing;
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h. Cut off all tubes flush with the concrete surface of pile and fill up the tubes
with non-shrinkage grout of at least the same crushing strength as the
concrete of the pile upon completion of all testing.
4. Preparation works for sonic logging (for Type 7 piles):
a. Install a single sonic access tube of uPVC with closed bottom end and
internal diameter of 40 mm;
b. Fix the single tube securely to the centre of the reinforcement cage of the
pile by method to be approved by the CM;
c. The single tube to be watertight including any joints, parallel to the axis of
the pile, clean internal and external faces so as to allow free and
unobstructed passage of the testing probe;
d. Plug or cap the single tube before inserting the reinforcement cage into the
grouted shaft. Extend the single tube along the depth of the pile from
300 mm approximately above the pile top level down to the bottom level of
the reinforcement cage for sonic logging test;
e. Fill up the single tube with water prior to installation of reinforcement cage
and during testing;
f. Cut off the single tube flush with the grout surface of pile and fill up the tube
with non-shrinkage grout of at least the same crushing strength as the grout
of the pile upon completion of all testing.
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a. Submit three copies of each of the reports of the confirmatory core tests
within three working days after completion of each test;
b. In addition, the CM will order a Direct Testing Contractor to carry out
confirmatory core tests on 5% of the total number of Type 3 piles; allow at
least 7 working days for the execution of each confirmatory core testing by
the Direct Testing Contractor(s); provide attendance on the Direct Testing
Contractor(s) as Worksection PRE.B12 or PRE.C12 as appropriate;
c. Allow sufficient time in the programming of the Works for the CM to order
the piles to be tested and for performing the number of tests stated before
completion of the Works or the respective Section thereof.
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APPENDICES
PIL1.APPEND2.9 CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF FURTHER INSPECTIONS/TESTS
APPENDIX PIL1/II - CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF FURTHER
INSPECTIONS/TESTS
2. The Contractor when required, at his own expense, is to carry out further tests in accordance with the
formula of:
n 2
2n 3
= 2² - 2 x 2 + 3
= 3 further tests
3. If one of the above 3 further tests fails, the CM may order further tests to be carried out at the
contractor's expense by re-applying the formula and taking into account the total number of failed
piles. Altogether and based on the formula, the number of total retesting required:
= 3² - 2 x 3 + 3
=6
As 3 tests have been carried out the Contractor therefore when ordered by the CM is to carry out:
6 - 3 = 3 further tests
4. If the next 3 further tests show further failed piles, the formula will be re-applied as before until all
the tests are successful.
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Pile Data
Ref. No: ................................................................... Location: .................................................................
Type: .......................................... Size: ............................................ Rake: ..........................................
For precast concrete and steel piles; Preformed length: ................................................................................
For precast concrete piles; Date of casting: ...................................................................................................
Levels
Commencing ground/sea bed* level (PD/CD)*: ...........................................................................................
Depth of overburden/height of working platform above sea bed level: .......................................................
Reference working level/platform level*: .............................................................. (*delete as appropriate)
Date Drop Depth No. of Cumula- Indicate here length of Remarks (State
& (m) Penetrated blows tive No. individual segments, details of obstruction,
Time (m) per m of blows location of splices and delays interruptions
+ testing carried out and location of
concrete samples)++
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Pile Data:
Ref. No: ................................................................... Location: .................................................................
Type: ............... Diameter: ............... mm Design Length: ............... mm Rake 1 in: ...............
Date & Depth Details of strata Details of soil testing, Remarks (State details of
Time penetrated penetrated/ground proving of bedrock obstruction, delays
water level and under-ream interruptions, and location
of concrete samples)
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Concrete Record:
Concreting in dry/ by tremie* Water inflow rate: ................................... litre/sec
Concrete grade: ....................................................... Slump: .....................................................................
Actual concreted level: ........................................... Cut-off level: ...........................................................
Lt
Overall ...........................% (*delete as appropriate)
La
Length of cage reinforcement: ........................... m
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Pile Data:
Ref No: .....................................................…............ Location: .................................................................
Type: ....................................................................... Size: .........................................................................
Pile dia*/diagonal width (D): ................................. Gross pile length (Lp): ...................................
Sectional area (A): .................................................. Young's modulus (E): ............................................
Testing Data:
Safe load carrying capacity (P): .................................................................…................................................
Pressure gauge No: ...................... Calibration Cert. Ref: ......................... Date: ...................…....
Load cell No.: ………………….. Calibration Cert. Ref: ......................... Date: ……………….
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Load in kN
5-
10 -
15 -
20 -
25 -
30 -
35 -
40 -
2 PLp D
Maximum pile head settlement (mm): allowable 4 ............. Actual = .....................
AE 120
D
Residual settlement (mm): allowable = The greater of ( 4) or 25% maximum pile head
120
settlement during the test =............................ Actual = ......................
Reported by: Witnessed by:
.................................. .....................................................
Contractor's Rep. COW/IOW/Engineer/Architect
Date: .................................. Date: ....................................................