NOTE: YUNG ILAN SA 29-58 ay kadalasan wala masyado na specific word na sagot.

Minsan kung ano yang

sentence e yun lang rin ang nasa module. Either under sya ng general topic or hindi. Yung naka bold ay gen
topic. Yung iba siguro dito na statements ay pang true or false ang pag gagamitan.

1. Contributions of remittance to economic growth.

● In the North, such immigrants constitute a younger workforce that does work which locals may
not perform, and they are consumers who contribute to growth. They also send remittances
back to family members in the country of origin, which improves the lives of the recipients,
reduces poverty rates, and increases the level of education as well as the foreign reserves of
the home country.
● Banks are often unwilling or unable to handle the type (small amounts of money) and volume of
remittances. As a result, specialized organizations play a major role in the transmission of
remittances.
● In terms of remittances, the Philippines is one of the leaders when it comes to the flow of
remittances ($14.7 billion), next to India ($24.5 billion) and China ($21.1 billion).

UNCTAD report notes:

● ‘Remittances are more stable and predictable as compared to other financial flows and, more
importantly, they are counter-cyclical providing buffer against economic shocks.
● In conflict or post–conflict situations, remittances can be crucial to survival, sustenance,
rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
● In providing primarily for household livelihoods, remittances are spent on general consumption
items in local communities that contribute to local economies by supporting small businesses
● remittances can spur economic growth by improving sending countries ’ credit worthiness and
expanding their access to international capital markets ’.
2. He is credited for coining the term “demography”.
Demography: Meaning and Its Origin
coined by Achille Guillard, a Belgian statistician, in 1855. However, the origins of modern
demography can be traced back to the John Graunt’s analysis of ‘Bills of Mortality ’ which was published in
1662
3. Which indicator of a Global City describes how a city gains power and global reach through the major
international organizations it houses?
Centers of Political Influence
Cities that house major international organizations may also be considered centers of political influence.
4. An urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and serves as a hub within a globalized
economic system.
Global City
5. Truth about global cities.
● An urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and serves as a hub within a globalized
economic system.
● It has its origins in research on cities carried out during the 1980s, which examined the common
characteristics of the world’ s most important cities.
● However, with increased attention being paid to processes of globalization during subsequent years,
these world cities came to be known as global cities.
● cities were becoming key loci within global networks of production, finance, and telecommunications.
● cities are seen as the building blocks of globalization.
● World cities are categorized as such based on the global reach of organization found in them
● Not only are there inequalities between these cities there also exists inequalities within each city.
Alternatively, these cities can be seen as important nodes in a variety of global networks
 ● Although cities are major beneficiaries of globalization, they are also the most severely affected by
global problems.
● it is often fruitlessly seeing to deal locally with global problems and local politics has become
overloaded
● New York, London, and Tokyo can be identified as global cities, all of which are hubs of global finance
and capitalism
● This concept of global cities was used to describe these three urban centers of New York, London, and
Tokyo as economic centers that exert control over the world’ s political economy
Indicators of a Global City
● Seats of Economic Power
● : Centers of Authority
● Centers of Higher Learning and Culture
● Centers of Political Influence
● Economic Opportunities
● Economic Competitiveness
6. To which category of reasons for migration does situations of war, oppression and lack of socio-political
rights fall under?
Socio-political Factor
Situation of war, oppression and the lack of socio-political rights are the major factors of migration in
contemporary time
7. It has made migration possible and an inevitable fact.
Globalization has made migration possible and an inevitable fact.
8. Group of migrating people known as asylum-seekers.
Refugees (also known as assylum-seekers), i.e., those “ unable or unwilling to return because of a
well-founded fear of persecution on acccount of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social
group, or political opinion."
9. The dimensions of food security emphasized by the widely accepted definition of food security.
This widely accepted definition of food security emphasizes the four dimensions of food security which are as
follows

10. It is the stage in the Theory of Demographic Transition where death rates drop due to improvement in food
supply and sanitation.
Stage 2
that of a developing country, death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and sanitation, which
increase life spans and reduce disease.
11. This is the perspective of most intellectuals and academics which sees religion revivals as sometimes
being a reaction to Enlightenment and Modernization.
The Modernist Perspective
12. This is a term that expresses the idea that people throughout the world are interconnected through the use
of new media technologies.
Global Village
13. The dimension of food security which describes having access to sufficient food at all times, without losing
access to food supply brought by either economic or climatic crisis.
Stability
14. The world’s leading environmental problems.

15. Effects of greenhouse gasses.

● Greenhouse gases, gases that trap sunlight and heat in the earth’s atmosphere, contribute greatly to
global warming.
 ● In turn, this process causes the melting of land- based and glacial ice with potentially catastrophic
effects,
● the possibility of substantial flooding,
● a reduction in the alkalinity of the oceans, and
● the destruction of existing ecosystems.
16. People crossing the borders of one country to another.
International Migration
17. People moving from one area to another within one country.
Internal Migration
18. The two main historical cultural reasons which led to forced international migration.
Forced international migration has historically occurred for two main cultural reasons: slavery and political
instability.
19. The first type of Printing Press allows mass production of uniform printed matter, mainly text in the form of:
The printing press is a device that allows for the mass production of uniform printed matter, mainly
text in the form of books, pamphlets and newspapers.
20. This ‘agenda’ identifies climate change as, “one of the greatest challenges of our time,” and worries about
“its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.”
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
21. What is World Music
World music is defined as the umbrella category in which various types of traditional and Non-Western
music are produced for Western consumption. It is a label of industrial origin that refers to an amalgamated
global marketplace of sounds as ethnic commodities.
22. Consequences of the printing press.
Consequences of the printing press:
1. The printing press changed the very nature of
knowledge. It preserved knowledge which had been more malleable in oral cultures. It also standardized
knowledge.

2. Print encouraged the challenge of political and religious authority because of its ability to circulate competing
views. Printing press encouraged the literacy of the public and the growth of schools.

Lands and culture were learned by people through

travels. News around the world were brought through inexpensive and easily obtained magazines and daily
newspapers. People learned about the world.

Indeed, printing press helped foster globalization and knowledge of globalization.

23. An example of this form of glocalization is Islam wherein Arabic is the religion’s sacred language.
(wala sa module) Vernacularization
24. Stages of demographic transition.
Stage 1
● pre-industrial society, death rates and birth rates are high and roughly in balance
● An example of this stage is the United States in the 1800s. All human populations are believed to have
had this balance until the late 18th century, when this balance ended in Western Europe.
● In fact, growth rates were less than 0.05% at least since the Agricultural Revolution over 10,000 years
ago.
● Population growth is typically very slow in this stage, because the society is constrained by the
available food supply; therefore, unless the society develops new technologies to increase food
 production (e.g. discovers new sources of food or achieves higher crop yields), any fluctuations in birth
rates are soon matched by death rates.
Stage 2
● that of a developing country, death rates drop rapidly due to improvements in food supply and
sanitation, which increase life spans and reduce disease.
● Afghanistan is currently in this stage.
● The improvements specific to food supply typically include selective breeding and crop rotation and
farming techniques
● Other improvements generally include access to technology, basic healthcare, and education.
● For example, numerous improvements in public health reduce mortality, especially childhood mortality.
Prior to the mid-20th century, these improvements in public health were primarily in the areas of food
handling, water supply, sewage, and personal hygiene.
● Another variable often cited is the increase in female literacy combined with public health education
programs which emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
● In Europe, the death rate decline started in the late 18th century in northwestern Europe and spread to
the south and east over approximately the next 100 years. Without a corresponding fall in birth rates
this produces an imbalance, and the countries in this stage experience a large increase in population.
Stage 3
● birth rates fall
● Mexico ’ s population is at this stage.
● Birth rates decrease due to various fertility factors such as access to contraception, increases in wages,
urbanization, a reduction in subsistence agriculture, an increase in the status and education of women,
a reduction in the value of children ’ s work, an increase in parental investment in the education of
children and other social changes.
● Population growth begins to level off. The birth rate decline in developed countries started in the late
19th century in northern Europe
● While improvements in contraception do play a role in birth rate decline, it should be noted that
contraceptives were not generally available nor widely used in the 19th century, and as a result likely
did not play a significant role in the decline then.
● It is important to note that birth rate decline is caused also by a transition in values; not just because of
the availability of contraceptives.
Stage 4
● there are both low birth rates and low death rates
● Birth rates may drop to well below replacement level as has happened in countries like Germany, Italy,
and Japan, leading to a shrinking population, a threat to many industries that rely on population growth.
Sweden is considered to currently be in Stage 4.
● As the large group born during stage two ages, it creates an economic burden on the shrinking working
population.
● Death rates may remain consistently low or increase slightly due to increases in lifestyle diseases due
to low exercise levels and high obesity and an aging population in developed countries.
● By the late 20th century, birth rates and death rates in developed countries leveled off at lower rates.
Stage 5 (Debated)
● Some scholars delineate a separate fifth stage of below-replacement fertility levels. Others hypothesize
a different stage five involving an increase in fertility.
● The United Nations Population Fund (2008) categorizes nations as high-fertility, intermediate fertility, or
low-fertility.
● The United Nations (UN) anticipates the population growth will triple between 2011 and 2100 in high
fertility countries, which are currently concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa
 ● For countries with intermediate fertility rates (the United States, India, and Mexico all fall into this
category), growth is expected to be about 26 percent.
● Low-fertility countries like China, Australia, and most of Europe will actually see population decline of
approximately 20 percent.
25. A prediction for Stage 4 of demographic transition? (di suree)
Demographic transition theory suggests that future population growth will develop along a redicatble
four-or-five-stage model
26. Groups of migrants and examples.
1.Internal Migration
This refers to people moving from one area to another within one country.
2. International Migration
This refers to the movement people who cross the borders of one country to another.
It can be broken down into five groups:
1. Immigrants- move permanently to another country
2. Workers- stays in another country for a fixed period (at least 6 months ina year)
3. Illegal immigrants
4. Migrants- families have “ petitioned” them to move to the destination country
5. Refugees (also known as assylum-seekers), i.e., those “ unable or unwilling to return because of a
well-founded fear of persecution on acccount of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular
social group, or political opinion.
27. Manifestations of loss of biodiversity. (hindi sure)
Destruction of million-year-old ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity (destruction of the coral reefs and
massive deforestation) that have led to the extinction of particular species and decline in the number of others
28. Environmental challenges affect food security.
● The problem of food insecurity is expected to worsen due to, among others, rapid population growth
and other emerging challenges such as climate change and rising demand for biofuels.
● Climate change poses complex challenges in terms of increased variability and risk for food producers
and the energy and water sectors.
● There is a need to look beyond agriculture and invest in affordable and suitable farm technologies if the
problem of food insecurity is to be addressed in a sustainable manner.
● This requires both revisiting the current approach of agricultural intervention and reorienting the existing
agricultural research institutions and policy framework.
● environmental problem is the destruction of natural habitats, particularly through deforestation.
● Industrial fishing has contributed to a significant destruction of marine life and ecosystems.
● Biodiversity and usable farmland have also declined at a rapid pace. decline in the availability of fresh
water. Because of the degradation of soil or desertification, decline in water supply has transformed
what was once considered a public good into a privatized commodity.
● The poorest areas of the globe experience a disproportionate share of water-related problems. The
problem is further intensified by the consumption of “virtual water”, wherein people use up water from
elsewhere to produce consumer products. The destruction of the water ecosystem may lead to the
creation of “climate refugees, people who are forcibly displaced due to effects of climate change and
disasters.222
● Pollution through toxic chemicals has had a long-term impact on the environment. The use of persistent
organic pollutants (POPs) has led to significant industrial pollution.
29. Things to check to ensure food security. - di ko sure ‘to, wala sa mod yang mismong pinapahanap

1. food access: access to adequate resources to acquire a healthy and

nutritious diet
2. food use: use of food through adequate diet, clean water and health care to
reach the state of a healthy well-being
3. availability: availability of adequate supply of food, produced either through
domestic or foreign import, including as well the food aid received from outside
the country
4. stability: access to sufficient food at all times, without losing access to food
supply brought by either economic or climatic crisis

30. Measures that will address food insecurity. - di ko sure ‘to, wala sa mod yang mismong pinapahanap

There is a need to look beyond agriculture and invest in affordable and suitable farm technologies if the
problem of food insecurity is to be addressed in a sustainable manner. This requires both revisiting the current
approach of agricultural intervention and reorienting the existing agricultural research institutions and policy
framework.

31. Global citizenship as a choice and a way of thinking.

People come to consider themselves as global citizens through various formative life experiences and have
different interpretations of what it means to them. For many, the practice of global citizenship is primarily
exercised at home through engagement in global issues or with different cultures in a local setting. For others,
global citizenship means firsthand experience with different countries, people and cultures.

32. Which approach to global economic resistance requires increasing aid to marginalized people?

The third form of resistance to economic globalization relates to helping the bottom billion. Increasing aid is
only one of the many measures that are required. International norms and standards can be adapted to
the needs of the bottom billion. The reduction of trade barriers would also reduce the economic marginalization
of these people and their nations.

33. Attributes of resistance to globalization. Remember! (di ko sure ‘to)

First is Trade protectionism, second is Fair trade, third form of resistance to economic globalization relates to
helping the bottom billion.

34. The advancement of media and transportation technology made globalization possible in the 1900s.

Global Media Culture - According to scholars, the world is globalized in the 1900s upon the advancement of
media and transportation technology.

35. Globalization and media made people throughout the world connected through the use of new media
technologies.

Situations created through globalization and media make people conceive they belong to one world called
global village, a term coined by Marshall MacLuhan in early 1960’s, a Canadian media theorist, to express the
idea that people throughout the world are interconnected through the use of new media technologies

36. The idea of global citizenship demands the creation of rights and obligations.

Global Citizenship and Global Governance - Given that there is no world government, the idea of global
citizenship demands the creation of rights and obligations. However, fulfilling the promises of globalization and
the solution to the problems of the contemporary world does not lie on single entity or individual, but on
citizens, the community, and the different organization in societies.

37. Media globalization internationalized most national media systems.

Globalization and Media - In that sense, media globalization is about how most national media systems have
become more internationalized, becoming more open to outside influences, both in their content and in their
ownership and control.

38. Writing is the principal technology for collecting, manipulating, storing, retrieving, communicating and
disseminating information.

Script - Writing is humankind’s principal technology for collecting, manipulating, storing, retrieving,
communicating, and disseminating information.

39. Computer is considered the most important media influencing globalization.

Digital Media - Phones and television are now considered digital while computer is considered the most
important media influencing globalization. Computers give access to global and market place and transformed
cultural life.

40. Humans communicated and shared knowledge and ideas through script, the very first writing.

Script - Humans communicate and shared knowledge and ideas through script- the very first writing. The
origin of writing was in the form of carvings such as wood, stone, bones and others. The medium that drove
humans to globalization was the script of Ancient Egyptian written in papyrus (plant).

41. Climate change is often seen as a part of the broader challenge in sustainable development thru a two-fold
link.

This link between sustainable development and climate change is considered strong. Poor developing
countries particularly those developed countries tend to be the most severely affected by climate change.
Undoubtedly, climate change is often seen as a part of the broader challenge in sustainable development thru
a two-fold link.

42. According to Brundtland Report, also known as Our Common Future, “sustainable development is
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.”

Sustainable development has been variously defined, but one of the most quoted definitions of this term is
from the Brundtland Report also known as Our Common Future, which is a publication released by the World
Commission on Environment and Development in 1987, “sustainable development is development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

43. Pandemics and other threats to public health arising from wastes with drinking water, polluted environment
that become the breeding grounds for mosquitoes and disease carrying rodents, and pollution.
One of the The World’s Leading Environmental Problems - (#12) Pandemics and other threats to public
health arising from wastes with drinking water, polluted environment that become the breeding grounds for
mosquitoes and disease carrying rodents, and pollution.

44. The use of ethanol as an alternative to gasoline is less efficient and has led to escalation in the price of
corn, which currently serves as major source of ethanol.

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - Various efforts are underway to deal with climate. For instance,
the use of ethanol as an alternative to gasoline has an attendant set of problems - it is less efficient and it has
led to escalation in the price of corn, which currently serves as major source of ethanol. Although biofuels
themselves produce lower emissions, their extraction and transport contribute significantly to total emissions.

45. Increased in trade barriers would reduce the economic marginalization of the bottom billion and their
nations.

Global Citizenship and Global Economy - International norms and standards can be adapted to the needs of
the bottom billion. The reduction of trade barriers would also reduce the economic marginalization of these
people and their nations.

46. In the 20th century, the only available mass media in remote villages was the radio while film was soon
developed as an artistic medium for great cultural expression.

Electronic media - In the 20th century, the only available mass media in remote villages was the radio while
film was soon developed as an artistic medium for great cultural expression.

47. Birth rate decline can also be caused by a transition in values; not just because of the availability of
contraceptives.

Stage 3 - It is important to note that birth rate decline is caused also by a transition in values; not just because
of the availability of contraceptives.

48. Demand for food will be 60% greater than it is today and the challenge of food security requires the world
to feed 9 billion people by 2050.

Challenges in Food Security - Demand for food will be 60% greater than it is today and the challenge of food
security requires the world to feed 9 billion people by 2050. Global food security means delivering sufficient
food to the entire world population.

49. Migration has contributed to deterritorialization of religion or the appearance of religious traditions in varied
places.

Transnational Religion and Multiple Globalization - Throughout the 20th century migration of faiths across
the globe has been a major feature. One of these features is the deterritorialization of religion – that is , the
appearance and the efflorescence of religious traditions in places where these previously had been largely
unknown or were at least in a minority position.

50. With religious universalism, religion is going global.

It is possible for religious universalism to gain the upperhand, whereby universalism becomes the central
reference for immigrant communities. In such instances, religious transnationalism is often depicted as a
religion going global.

51. Globalization brings about the success of expressive individualism.

- Globalization, by breaking up and dissolving every traditional, local, and

national structure, will bring about the universal triumph of expressive individualism.

52. Copenhagen is considered as a center of higher learning and culture for being one of the culinary capitals
of the world.

Centers of Higher Learning and Culture - Copenhagen is now considered as one of the culinary capitals
of the world, with its top restaurants incommensurate with its size.

53. Singapore is considered as Asia’s most competitive city for having a strong market, efficient and
incorruptible government.

Economic Competitiveness - The Economist Intelligence Unit has added other criteria like market size,
purchasing power of citizens, size of the middle class, and potential for growth. Based on this criteria, tiny
Singapore is considered Asia’s most competitive city because of its strong market, efficient and incorruptible
government, and livability.

54. Pandemics and other threats to public health arising from wastes with drinking water, polluted environment
that become the breeding grounds for mosquitoes and disease carrying rodents, and pollution.

One of the The World’s Leading Environmental Problems - (#12) Pandemics and other threats to public
health arising from wastes with drinking water, polluted environment that become the breeding grounds for
mosquitoes and disease carrying rodents, and pollution.

55. Food systems are radically altered through genetic modifications in food production

One of the The World’s Leading Environmental Problems - (#13) A radical alteration of food systems
because of genetic modifications in food production

56. Food systems are radically altered through genetic modifications in food production

One of the The World’s Leading Environmental Problems - (#13) A radical alteration of food systems
because of genetic modifications in food production

57. Natural non-renewable resources are exhausted from oil reserves to minerals to potable water

One of the The World’s Leading Environmental Problems - (#4) Exhaustion of the world’s natural
non-renewable resources from oil reserves to minerals to potable water

58. Species become extinct due to destruction of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity
One of the The World’s Leading Environmental Problems - (#6) Destruction of million-year-old ecosystems
and the loss of biodiversity (destruction of the coral reefs and massive deforestation) that have led to the
extinction of particular species and decline in the number of others.