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    Blood Typing and Role It Plays in Preventing Adverse Reactions-WPS Office

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    Amina Isiaku Sani
    Blood typing determines an individual's blood group based on antigens in red blood cells. Janský first classified blood into four main types (A, B, AB, O) in 1907. Matching donor and recipient blood types is essential to prevent adverse reactions during transfusions. Antigens are proteins or carbohydrates on cell surfaces while antibodies are produced by exposure to foreign antigens. Individuals with type O- blood are universal donors as their blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, while those with type AB+ blood are universal recipients as they possess all antigens. Proper blood typing and matching donors and recipients helps ensure safe blood transfusions.

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    Blood Typing and Role It Plays in Preventing Adverse Reactions-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    Amina Isiaku Sani
    36 views2 pages
    Blood typing determines an individual's blood group based on antigens in red blood cells. Janský first classified blood into four main types (A, B, AB, O) in 1907. Matching donor and recipient blood types is essential to prevent adverse reactions during transfusions. Antigens are proteins or carbohydrates on cell surfaces while antibodies are produced by exposure to foreign antigens. Individuals with type O- blood are universal donors as their blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, while those with type AB+ blood are universal recipients as they possess all antigens. Proper blood typing and matching donors and recipients helps ensure safe blood transfusions.

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    Blood Typing and Role it plays in Preventing Adverse Reactions-WPS Office

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    Blood typing determines an individual's blood group based on antigens in red blood cells. Janský first classified blood into four main types (A, B, AB, O) in 1907. Matching donor and recipient blood types is essential to prevent adverse reactions during transfusions. Antigens are proteins or carbohydrates on cell surfaces while antibodies are produced by exposure to foreign antigens. Individuals with type O- blood are universal donors as their blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, while those with type AB+ blood are universal recipients as they possess all antigens. Proper blood typing and matching donors and recipients helps ensure safe blood transfusions.

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    Blood Typing and Role It Plays in Preventing Adverse Reactions-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    Amina Isiaku Sani
    Blood typing determines an individual's blood group based on antigens in red blood cells. Janský first classified blood into four main types (A, B, AB, O) in 1907. Matching donor and recipient blood types is essential to prevent adverse reactions during transfusions. Antigens are proteins or carbohydrates on cell surfaces while antibodies are produced by exposure to foreign antigens. Individuals with type O- blood are universal donors as their blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, while those with type AB+ blood are universal recipients as they possess all antigens. Proper blood typing and matching donors and recipients helps ensure safe blood transfusions.

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    BLOOD TYPING AND ROLE IT PLAYS IN PREVENTING ADVERSE REACTIONS FOLLOWING

    BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS

    Blood typing is a method used to determine an individual's blood type or blood group. Classification of
    blood type is primarily based on inherited antigens present in the red blood cells(RBCs). Janský is
    credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (A, B, AB, O) in 1907, which remains in
    use today(Wikipedia, 2023). These antigens may contain protein, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or
    glycolipids depending on the blood group system(Wikipedia.. This process is essential for ensuring
    compatibility between the donor's and recipient's blood during transfusions, which helps prevent
    adverse reactions that can have serious health consequences (American Red Cross, 2021).

    ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES

    Antigens are part of the surface of cells. The blood group antigens are complex structures that contains
    protein and carbohydrate. Most important antigens are ABO and Rh. Antigens on donor red cells can
    stimulate a patient to produce an antibody, if the patient lacks the antigen themselves(Studocu, 2017).

    Antibodies on the other hand are protein molecules called immunoglobulins (Ig). They are found in the
    plasma/serum and they are produced by the immune system following exposure to a foreign antigen.

    BLOOD COMPATIBILITY (UNIVERSAL DONORS AND RECIPIENTS)

    Blood compatibility must be ensured during blood transfusion to complications. The one who gives
    blood is called the "donor‟ and the one who receives the blood is called "recipient‟. The concept of
    universal donors and recipients simplifies this process(American Association of Blood Bank, 2018).
    Individuals with blood type O negative (O-) are universal donors, as their blood lacks both A and B
    antigens as well as the Rh antigen. Conversely, individuals with blood type AB positive (AB+) are
    universal recipients, as they can receive any blood type without triggering a strong immune response
    due to their possession of all antigens (American Red Cross, 2021).

    CONCLUSION

    For safe blood transfusions, it is necessary to match the donor's and recipient's blood types. The concept
    of universal donors and recipients simplifies this process (American Association of Blood Banks, 2018).
    Individuals with blood type O negative (O-) are universal donors, as their blood lacks both A and B
    antigens as well as the Rh antigen. Conversely, individuals with blood type AB positive (AB+) are
    universal recipients, as they can receive any blood type without triggering a strong immune response
    due to their possession of all antigens (American Red Cross, 2021).

    **References:**

    Blood type(2023, August 12). In Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type


    Essentials of Blood Group Antigens and Antibodies(2017, November). In Studocu
    https://www.studocu.com/in/document/kerala-university-of-health-sciences/nursing/serology-
    website/24804482

    American Association of Blood Banks. (2018). *AABB blood donation and transfusion safety*.
    https://www.aabb.org/

    American Red Cross. (2021). *Blood types*. https://www.redcrossblood.org/

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