Morphology of

Chapter
Flowering Plants

FACT/DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 10. Pneumatophores are found in

(a) the vegetation which is found in marshy and saline
1. Which of the following plant parts elongates directly lake.
and leads to the formation of primary roots? (b) the vegetation which is found in saline soil.
(a) bud (b) radicle (c) xerophytic condition.
(c) plumule (d) root hair (d) hydrophytic condition.
2. The primary roots and its branches constitute the 11. Which of the following plants grow in swampy areas,
(a) fibrous root system. where the roots come out of the ground and grow
(b) tap root system. vertically upwards?
(c) adventitious root system. (a) Potato (b) Opuntia
(d) all of the above (c) Rhizophora (d) Grass
3. Fibrous root system is found in
12. Root differs from stem in having
(a) monocotyledonous plants.
(a) nodes and internodes (b) axillary buds
(b) dicotyledonous plants.
(c) bryophytes. (c) multicellular hairs (d) unicellular hairs
(d) gymnosperms. 13. Which of the following plant parts is generally green
when young and later often becomes woody and dark
4. Roots develop from parts of the plant other than radicle
brown?
are called
(a) tap roots (b) fibrous roots (a) stem (b) seed
(c) leaves (d) flower
(c) adventitious roots (d) nodular roots
5. Root hairs develop from 14. The regions of the stem where leaves are borne are called
____________ while ____________ are the portions
(a) region of maturation
between two ____________.
(b) region of elongation
(a) nodes, nodes and internodes
(c) region of meristematic activity
(b) nodes, internodes and nodes
(d) root cap
(c) internodes, nodes and nodes
6. The part of the root which is most active in water
(d) internodes, internodes and nodes
absorption is called
15. Which of the following gr oups of plants have
(a) root cap (b) maturation zone
underground stems?
(c) meristematic zone (d) zone of elongation
(a) Potato, ginger, turmeric, Euphorbia, zaminkand
7. Fibrous roots develop in maize from
(b) Potato, ginger, turmeric, zaminkand, Colocasia
(a) upper nodes (b) lower nodes
(c) Potato, Citrus, Opuntia, zaminkand, Colocasia
(c) upper internodes (d) none of these
(d) Potato, cucumber, watermelon, zaminkand,
8. Prop roots of banyan tree are meant for
Colocasia
(a) respiration.
16. Stem tendrils are found in
(b) absorption of water from soil.
(a) cucumber (b) pumpkins
(c) providing support to big tree.
(c) grapevines (d) all of these
(d) all of the above.
17. Which of the following is a modified stem for the
9. Stilt roots occur in __________ . protection of plants from browsing animals?
(a) groundnut (b) rice (a) Tendrils (b) Thorns
(c) sugarcane (d) wheat (c) Rhizome (d) Tuber
Morphology of Flowering Plants 39

18. A branch in which each node bearing a rossette of leaves 30. Pollen grains are produced within the _________of
and a tuft of roots is found in aquatic plants like stamen.
_________ and _________. (a) ovary (b) anther
(a) Hydrilla and Pistia (c) filament (d) connective
(b) Eichhornia and Hydrilla 31. Which one of the following structure is not associated
(c) Pistia and Eichhornia with gynoecium?
(d) Pistia and Vallisneria (a) Ovary (b) Style
19. In which of the following plants, a slender lateral branch (c) Stigma (d) Filament
arises from the base of the main axis, and after growing 32. During the post-fertilization period, the ovules develop
aerially arch downwards to touch the ground? into ___A_____ and the ovary matures into a ___B ____.
(a) Mint and jasmine (b) Banana and pineapple (a) A - seeds; B - fruit (b) A - fruit; B - seeds
(c) Grass and stawberry (d) Pistia and Eichhornia (c) A - flower; B - seed (d) A - seeds; B - flower
20. Which of the following is the green expanded part of 33. A scar on the seed coat through which the developing
leaf with vein and veinlets? seeds are attached to the fruit is called as ________.
(a) Petiole (b) Node (a) testa (b) tegmen
(c) Stipule (d) Lamina (c) hilum (d) micropyle
21. Leaves of dicotyledonous plants possess _________ 34. Cotyledons and testa respectively are edible parts in which
venation, while _________ venation is the characteristic of the following plant group?
of most monocotyledons. (a) walnut and tamarind
(a) reticulate and parallel (b) cashew nut and litchi
(b) parallel and reticulate (c) french bean and coconut
(c) reticulate and perpendicular (d) groundnut and pomegranate
(d) obliquely and parallel 35. Floral formula of tomato/tobacco is
22. Which of the following is an example of pinnately
(a) K4–5 A10G(2)
compound leaf ?
(a) Cucumber (b) Papaya (b) K 2+2 C 4A2+4G 1
(c) Cucurbita (d) Neem
23. The main purpose of phyllotaxy for the leaves is to provide (c) P 2 A 3G1
sufficient_______.
(a) soil (b) air (d) K(5) C(5)A5 G(2)
(c) water (d) light 36. Botanical name of Cauliflower is
24. Alternate type of phyllotaxy is found in (a) Brassica oleracea var. capitata
(a) china rose (b) mustard (b) Brassica campesteris
(c) sunflower (d) all of these (c) Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
25. Which type of function is performed by the fleshy leaves (d) Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera
of onion and garlic? 37. Botanical name of banana is
(a) Storage (b) Reproduction (a) Musa paradisica (b) Phaseolus vulgaris
(c) Photosynthesis (d) Protection (c) Ricinus communis (d) Ananas sativus
26. The flower is the reproductive unit in the ___________
meant for ___________ reproduction. STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) angiosperms and sexual
(b) gymnosperms and sexual 38. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(c) algae and asexual (a) Bulb of Allium cepa is a modified stem.
(d) pteridophytes and asexual (b) Cloves of Allium sativum are fleshy scale leaves.
27. When a flower has both androecium and gynoecium, it is (c) Corm of Colocasia is a modified root.
known as__________. (d) Tendril in Vitis vinifera is a modified axillary bud.
(a) asexual (b) bisexual 39. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(c) unisexual (d) multisexual (a) Each stamen which represents the male
28. When a flower can be divided into two equal radial halves reproductive organ consists of a stalk or a filament
in any radial plane passing through the centre, it is known as and an anther.
(a) actinomorphic (b) zygomorphic (b) An actinomorphic flower can be dissected into two
(c) asymmetric (d) bisymmetric equal halves from any plane.
29. A sterile stamen is known as (c) Superior ovary is found in hypogynous flowers.
(a) staminode (b) anther (d) When stamens are attached to petals, they are
(c) pollen grain (d) filament epiphyllous as in brinjal.
 40 Biology
40. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about 46. Consider the following statements regarding the root
calyx? system of angiosperms and choose the correct option
(a) Calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower and are given below.
called sepals. (i) In monocots, the fibrous root system arises from the
(b) Sepals are green, leaf like structure and protect the base of the stem.
flower in the bud stage. (ii) The region of elongation is called the root hair region.
(c) The calyx may be gamosepalous (sepals free) or (iii) In sweet potato, the adventitious roots get swollen
polysepalous (sepals united). and store food.
(d) Both (a) and (b) (iv) The stems of maize and sugarcane have supporting
41. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about roots called prop roots.
venation? (a) (i) and (ii) are correct but (iii) and (iv) are wrong.
(i) The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the (b) (ii) and (iii) are correct but (i) and (iv) are wrong.
lamina of leaf is called venation. (c) (ii) and (iv) are correct but (i) and (iii) are wrong.
(ii) Reticulate venation is the characteristic of monocots. (d) (i) and (iii) are correct but (ii) and (iv) are wrong.
(iii) When the veinlets form a network, the venation is 47. Which of the following statement (s) is/are not correct?
termed as reticulate venation. (i) Calyx and corolla are reproductive organs of a flower.
(iv) When the veins run parallel to each other within a (ii) Zygomorphic flower can be divided into two equal
radial halves in any radial plane.
lamina, the venation is termed as parallel venation.
(iii) Flowers without bracts are termed as bracteate.
(a) Only (i) (b) Both (i) and (ii)
(iv) Parthenocarpic fruit is formed after fertilization of the
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) (d) All of these
ovary.
42. Which one of the following are not true for parietal
(v) In legumes, seed is non-endospermic.
placentation?
(vi) Radical buds develop on roots.
(a) Ovules are borne on central axis. (a) (i) , (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (v)
(b) Ovary is one-chambered but it becomes two- (c) (iii), (iv) and (vi) (d) (iv), (v) and (i)
chambered due to the formation of false septum. 48. Which of the following statements are correct about the
(c) Examples are mustard and Argemone. leaf?
(d) Both (b) and (c) (i) Leaf is a lateral, generally flattened structure borne
43. Which one of the following characteristics is not related on the stem.
to gynoecium? (ii) It develops at the node and bears a bud in its axil.
(a) It is the female reproductive part of the flower. (iii) Leaves originate from root apical meristems and
(b) It is composed of stamens. arranged in an acropetal order.
(c) Stigma is usually at the tip of the style and is the (iv) They are the most important vegetative organs for
receptive surface for pollen grains. reproduction.
(d) Each ovary bears one or more ovules attached to a (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
flattened, cushion like placenta. (c) (i), (ii) and (iv) (d) all of these
44. Study the following statements and select the correct 49. Read the following statements and answer the question.
option (i) Gynoecium is situated in the centre, and other parts
(i) Buds are present in the axil of leaflets of the of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus
compound leaf. almost at the same level.
(ii) Pulvinus leaf-base is present in some leguminous plants. (ii) Ovary is half-inferior.
(iii) In Alstonia, the petioles expand, become green and (iii) Examples are plum, rose and peach.
synthesize food. Which condition of flowers is being described by the
(iv) Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in guava. above statements ?
(a) (ii) and (iv) are correct but (i) and (iii) are incorrect. (a) hypogyny (b) perigyny
(b) (i) and (iii) are correct but (ii) and (iv) are incorrect. (c) epigyny (d) none of these
(c) (i) and (iv) are correct but (ii) and (iii) are incorrect. 50. Read the following statements and answer the question.
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct but (i) is incorrect. (i) It is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem
45. Which of the following statements are correct? or branch.
(i) From the region of elongation, some of the epidermal (ii) It is usually of three types - alternate, opposite and
cells form root hairs. whorled.
(ii) Pneumatophores are seen in Rhizophora. (iii) It is meant for getting maximum amount of light.
(iii) Adventitious roots are seen in the banyan tree. Which condition of plant is being described by the above
(iv) Maize and sugarcane have prop roots. statements?
(a) (i) and (iv) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv) (a) Phyllotaxy (b) Venation
(c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iii) (c) Inflorescencew (d) Aestivation
Morphology of Flowering Plants 41

51. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about 59. Assertion : In stem, pericycle take active part in
the fruit? secondary growth.
(i) Fruit is a mature or ripened ovary, developed before Reason : In dicots, pericycle has the capacity to produce
fertilization. lateral roots.
(ii) It consists of a wall or pericarp and seeds.
(iii) When pericarp is thick and fleshy, it is differentiated MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
into outer mesocarp, middle epicarp and inner endocarp.
60. Match column-I containing types of aestivation with their
(iv) In mango and coconut, the fruit is known as a berry.
examples given in column-II and choose the correct option.
(a) Only (i) (b) Both (ii) and (iii)
Column - I Column-II
(c) Only (ii) (d) All of these
(Type of aestivation) (Examples)
52. Which of the following statement(s) is /are correct?
A. Valvate I. Cotton
(i) Many plants belonging to the family fabaceae are
B. Twisted II. Calotropis
good ornamentals (Tulip, Gloriosa), source of
C. Imbricate III. Bean
medicine (Aloe) and vegetables (Asparagus).
D. Vexillary IV. Gulmohar
(ii) The plumule and radicle are enclosed in sheaths
(a) A – I; B – II; C – IV; D – III
which are called coleorhiza and coleoptile
(b) A – II; B – I; C – IV; D – III
respectively.
(c) A – II; B – IV; C – I; D – III
(iii) A flower having either stamens or carpels is unisexual.
(d) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV
(iv) Basal, alternate, linear, exstipulate with parallel
61. Match the following placentation types given in column
venation types of leaves is found in the family
I with their examples given in column II and choose the
liliaceae.
correct combination from the options given below.
(a) Only (i) (b) Both (i) and (ii)
(c) Both (iii) and (iv) (d) All of these
Column-I Column-II
53. Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) Imbricate aestivation is found in the papilionaceous (Placentation Types) (Examples)
family. A. Basal I. Dianthus
(b) Generally, sepals are green, leaf like and protect the B. Free central II. Pea
flowers in the bud stage. C. Parietal III. Lemon
(c) In cymose type of inflorescence, the main axis
D. Axile IV. Marigold
terminates in a flower, hence is limitless in growth.
(d) In axile placentation ovary is one chambered but it becomes E. Marginal V. Argemone
two cambered due to the formation of false septum.
(a) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV, E – V
ASSERTION/REASON TYPE QUESTIONS (b) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – V, E – I
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed (c) A – IV, B – I, C – V, D – III, E – II
by a statement of Reason. (d) A – IV, B – III, C – V, D – I, E – II
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is 62. Match the following stem modifications given in column
the correct explanation of the Assertion. I with their examples given in column II and select the
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is correct combination from the options given below.
not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. Column-I Column-II
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false. (Stem Modifications) (Found in)
54. Assertion : A simple leaf has undivided lamina. A. Underground stem I. Euphorbia
Reason : Leaves showing pinnate and palmate
B. Stem tendril II. Opuntia
venations have various type of incisions.
55. Assertion : Ginger has a prostrate-growing rhizome. C. Stem thorns III. Potato
Reason : Shoot growth is not effected by gravity. D. Flattened stem IV. Citrus
56. Assertion : Many plants are propagated vegetatively E. Fleshy cylindrical V. Cucumber
even though they bear seeds. stem
Reason : Potatoes multiply by tubers, apple by cutting etc.
57. Assertion : Ginger has a prostrate growing rhizome. (a) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – V, E – IV
Reason : Shoot growth is not effected by gravity. (b) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – V, E – I
58. Assertion : In fabaceae family monocarpellary, unilocular (c) A – III, B – IV, C – V, D – I, E – II
ovary is present. (d) A – III, B – V, C – IV, D – II, E – I
Reason : In fabaceae, placentation is parietal.
 42 Biology
63. Match the andsoecium formula (given in column II) with 67. Matching colmun I with column II and choose the correct
their family (given in column I) and choose the correct option.
combination from the options given below. Column I Column II
Column-I Column-II A. Coleorhiza I. Grapes
(Family) (Androecium formula) B. Food storing tissue II. Mango
A. Brassicaceae I. A3 + 3 C. Parthenocarpic fruit III. Maize
B. Fabaceae II. A(5) D. Single seeded fruit IV. Radicle
C. Solanaceae III. A(9) + 1 developing from
D. Liliaceae IV. A2 + 4 monocarpellary
(a) A – IV; B – III; C – II; D – I superior ovary
(b) A – I; B – II; C – III; D – IV E. Membranous V. Endosperm
(c) A – II; B – III; C – IV; D – I seed coat
(d) A – III; B – IV; C – I; D – II (a) A – III, B – I, C – IV, D – II, E – V
64. Match column I with column II and choose the correct (b) A – IV, B – II, C – V, D – I, E – III
combination from the options given below.
(c) A – V, B – I, C – III, D – IV, E – II
Column-I Column-II
(d) A – IV, B – V, C – I, D – II, E – III
(Position of floral parts (Represented in)
on thalamus) 68. Match column-I with column-II and choose the correct
A. Hypogynous I. Ray florets of sunflower option.
B. Perigynous II. Brinjal Column-I Column-II
C Epigynous III Peach (Members of Fabaceae) (Economic importance)
(a) A – II, B – I, C – III (b) A – I, B – II, C – III A. Gram, sem, moong, I. Medicine
(c) A – III, B – II, C – I (d) A – II, B – III, C – I soyabean
65. Match column I with column II and choose the correct B. Soyabean,groundnut II. Ornamental
option. C. Indigofera III. Fodder
Column-I Column-II D. Sunhemp IV. Fibres
A. Bud in the I. Pitcher plant E. Sesbania, Trifolium V. Dye
axil of leaf and venus fly trap F. Lupin, sweet potato VI. Edible oil
B. Outer layer of II. Cacti G. Mulethi VII. Pulses
seed coat (a) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV, E – V, F – VI, G – VII
C. Spines III. Testa
(b) A – VII, B – VI, C – V, D – IV, E – III, F – II, G – I
(modified leaves)
(c) A – II, B – IV, C – VI, D – I, E – III, F – V, G – VII
D. Leaves modified IV. Simple leaf
to catch insects (d) A – I, B – III, C – V, D – VII, E – II, F – IV, G – VI
E. Fleshy leaves V. Garlic and onion 69. Match column - I, II and III and choose the correct option.
with stored food Column-I Column-II Column-III
(a) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV, E – V
(b) A – V, B – IV, C – III, D – II, E – I A. Marginal I. p. Sunflower,
Marigold
(c) A – IV, B – III, C – II, D – I, E – V
(d) A – IV, B – II, C – III, D – I, E – V
66. Match column-I with column-II and choose the option
which shows their correct combination.
B. Axile II. q. Dianthus,
Column-I Column-II Primrose
A. Gamosepalous I. Flower of lily
B. Polysepalous II. Sterile anther
C. Gamopetalous III. Free petals
D. Polypetalous IV. Free sepals C. Parietal III. r. Mustard,
E. Epiphyllous V. Fused petals Argemone
F. Staminode VI. Fused sepals
(a) A – IV, B – V, C – III, D – I, E – VI, F – II
(b) A – IV, B – III, C – V, D – I, E – II, F – VI
(c) A – VI, B – IV, C – III, D – V, E – I, F – II
D. Free central IV. s. China rose,
(d) A – VI, B – IV, C – V, D – III, E – II, F – I
tomato, lemon
Morphology of Flowering Plants 43

72. The given figures (A and B) show the modificaiton of

roots.Which of the following statements regarding the
figures is correct ?
E. Basal V. t. Pea

(a) A - V, t; B - II, s; C -I, r; D -III, q; E -IV, p

(b) A - I, t; B - II, s; C - III, r; D - IV, p; E - V, q
(c) A - V, p; B - II, s; C - I, q; D - III, r; E - IV, t
(d) A - V, p; B - III, q; C - II, s; D - I, t; E - IV, r
70. Match the column I with column II and choose the correct
option.
Column I Column II A B
A. Placentation (i) Arrangement of (a) Tap roots of carrot, turnip and adventitious root of
flowers sweet potato, get swollen and store food.
on the rachis
(b) Pneumatophores conducts water, minerals &
B. Aestivation (ii) Modified shoot for
sexual reproduction photosynthesis
C. Inflorescence (iii)Arrangement of (c) Pneumatophore is found in the plants that grow in
various whorls in the sandy soil.
bud (d) Turnip & carrot shows adventitious roots and sweet
D. Flower (iv) Arrangement of potato shows tap root.
ovules within an ovary 73. Which of the following option shows the correct
A B C D labelling of the parts of leaf marked as A, B, C and D.
(a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(b) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(c) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(d) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS

71. The given figure shows the regions of root tip with
labelling as A, B and C. Choose the option which shows
the correct labelling of A, B and C.
Region of mature cells

A B C D
(a) Lamina Axillary bud Stipule Leaf base
(b) Lamina Stipule Axillary bud Leaf base
(c) Lamina Axillary bud Stipule Pedicel
(d) Leaflet Axillary bud Stipule Leaf base
74. Identify the inflorescence shown by the given figures A
and B.

(a) A - Zone of elongation, B - Zone of meiosis, C -

Zone of mitosis.
(b) A - Zone of maturation, B - Zone of meristematic
activity, C - Zone of elongation. (a) A-Cymose, B-Racemose
(c) A - Zone of mitosis, B - Zone of elongation, C - Zone (b) A-Racemose, B-Cymose
of root cap. (c) A-Racemose, B-Racemose
(d) A - Region of maturation, B - Region of elongation, (d) A-Cymose, B-Cymose
C - Zone of meristematic activity.
 44 Biology
75. Identify the different types of aestivation (A, B, C and D) 79. Which one of the following options shows the correct
in corolla and select the correct option. labelling of the structure marked as A, B, C & D?

(a) A-Valvate, B-Twisted, C-Imbricate, D-Vexillary

(b) A-Vexillary, B-Valvate, C-Twisted, D-Imbricate
(c) A-Imbricate, B-Vexillary, C-Valvate, D-Twisted
(d) A-Twisted, B-Imbricate, C-Vexillary, D-Valvate
76. Given figures (A, B and C) show the position of floral
parts on thalamus. (given as I, II and III) Select the correct
combination.

A B C D
(a) Gynoecium Megasporophyll Ovule Thalamus
(b) Gynoecium Stamen Seed Thalamus
(c) Microsporophyll Stamen Ovule Thalamus
(d) Gynoecium Stamen Ovule Thalamus
80. The given figure shows the parts of mango and coconut.
Choose the option which shows the correct labelling of
A, B, C and D marked in the figures.

I. Hypogynous flower II. Perigynous flower

III. Epigynous flower
(a) A-I, B-II, C-III (b) A-I, B-III, C-II
(c) A-III, B-II, C-I (d) A-III, B-I, C-II
77. The given figures (A & B) show two types of compound
leaves. Choose the option which identity the correct
compound leaf and their example (c).

A B C D
(a) Epicarp, Mesocarp, Seed, Endocarp
(b) Epicarp, Mesocarp, Ovule, Endocarp
(c) Epicarp, Mesocarp, Ovary, Endocarp
(d) Epicarp, Mesocarp, Embryo, Endocarp
81. Which one of the options shows the correct labelling of
(a) A - Pinnately compound leaf, C - Neem the parts marked as A, B, C and D in a typical structure of
(b) A - Palmately compound leaf, C - Neem dicotyledonous seeds ?
(c) B- Pinnately compound leaf, C - Silk cotton
(d) B- Palmately compound leaf, C - Silk cotton
78. Identify the kind of phyllotaxy shown in the given figures
A, B, and C.

(a) A - Hilum, B - Micropyle, C - Radicle, D - Cotyledon,

E - Plumule
(b) A - Hilum, B - Micropyle, C - Plumule,
D - Cotyledon, E - Radicle
(a) A-Alternate, B - Opposite, C - Whorled (c) A - Micropyle, B - Hilum, C - Plumule,
(b) A- Whorled, B - Opposite, C -Alternate D - Cotyledon, E - Radicle
(c) A-Alternate, B - Whorled, C - Opposite (d) A - Hilum, B - Micropyle, C - Plumule, D - Radicle,
(d) A-Whorled, B -Alternate, C - Opposite E - Cotyledon
Morphology of Flowering Plants 45

82. The given figure shows a typical structure of

monocotyledonous seeds. Identify the parts A, B, C, D
and E marked in the given figures.

(C)
(a) A (b) B
(a) A - Endosperm, B - Embryo, C - Scutellum, (c) C (d) Both A and B
D - Coleorhiza, E - Coleoptile 85. The given figure shows the parts of flowering plant.
(b) A- Embryo, B - Endosperm, C - Scutellum, Which parts of the given figure were involved in the
D - Coleoptile, E - Coleorhiza following functions:
(c) A - Endosperm, B - Embryo, C - Scutellum, (i) Storing reserve food material
D - Coleoptile, E - Coleorhiza (ii) Synthesis of plant growth regulators.
(d) A - Embryo, B - Endosperm, C - Scutellum, (iii) Absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
D - Coleorhiza, E - Coleoptile (iv) Providing a proper anchorage to the plant parts
83. Identify the correct families of the given plant species
(A, B and C) 1

2
3
4

5
(A) (B) (C)
6
(a) A - Liliaceae, B - Compositae, C - Malvaceae
(b) A - Fabaceae, B - Solanaceae, C - Liliaceae (a) 5 and 6 (b) 1, 2 and 6
(c) A - Compositae, B - Malvaceae, C - Liliaceae (c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 4, 5 and 6
(d) A - Solanaceae, B - Fabaceae, C - Liliaceae
84. The given figure (A, B, and C) shows different types of CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS
roots. Identify the root which is seen in wheat plant and
86. Floral features are mainly used in angiosperms
originate from the base of the stem?
identification because
(a) flowers are of various colours.
(b) flowers can be safely pressed.
(c) reproductive parts are more stable and conservative
than vegetative parts.
Main root
(d) flowers are good materials for identification.
87. Aleurone layer helps in
(a) storage of food in endosperm.
(b) protection of embryo.
Laterals (c) utilization of stored food.
(d) all of the above.
88. Fibrous root system is better adopted than tap root system
for
(a) transport of organic matter.
(A) (B) (b) absorption of water and minerals.
 EBD_7209
46 Biology
(c) storage of food. 98. In flower (X), the gynoecium occupies the highest position
(d) anchorage of plant to soil. while the other parts are situated below it. The ovary in
89. Main function of leaf is such flowers is said to be Y. Identify X and Y and select
(a) exchange of gases the correct option.
(b) increase the beauty of a tree X Y
(c) manufacturing of food (a) Epigynous Inferior
(d) nerve impulse induction (b) Perigynous Superior
90. Rearrange the following zones seen in the regions of (c) Hypogynous Superior
root tip and choose the correct option. (d) Perigynous Half-inferior
(A) Root hair zone (B) Zone of meristems 99. Which of the following is not the characteristic features
(C) Root cap zone (D) Zone of maturation of fabaceae?
(E) Zone of elongation (a) Tap root system, compound leaves and raceme
(a) C, B, E, A, D (b) A, B, C, D, E inflorescence.
(c) D, E, A, C, B (d) E, D, C, B, A (b) Flowers actinomorphic, twisted aestivation and
91. Which is not a stem modification ? gamopetalous.
(a) Rhizome of ginger (b) Corm of Colocasia
(c) Stamens 10, introrse, basifixed, dithecous.
(c) Pitcher of Nepenthes (d) Tuber of potato
(d) Monocarpellary, ovary superior and bent stigma.
92. Most prominent function of inflorescence is
(a) dispersal of seeds. 100. How many plants in the list given below have marginal
(b) formation of more fruits. placentation?
(c) formation of pollen grains. Mustard, Gram, Tulip, Asparagus, Arhar, Sunhemp,
(d) dispersal of pollens. Chilli, Colchicine, Onion, Moong, Pea, Tobacco, Lupin
93. The character of flower which is represented by floral (a) Four (b) Five
formula but not by floral diagram is (c) Six (d) Three
(a) aestivation (b) placentation 101. Ginger is an underground stem. It is distinguished from
(c) position of gynoecium (d) adhesion of stamen root because
94. The mature seeds of plants such as gram and peas possess (a) it lacks chlorophyll.
no endosperm because
(b) it stores food.
(a) these plants are not angiosperms.
(b) there is no double fertilization in them. (c) it has nodes and internodes.
(c) endosperm is not formed in them. (d) it has xylem and vessels.
(d) endosperm gets used up by the developing embryo 102. Which one of the following is correct explanation for
during seed development. the given floral formula ?
95. Seeds are regarded as products of sexual reproduction %O K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1 G1
+
because they
(a) can be stored for a long time. (a) Zygomorphic, bisexual, sepals five and
(b) are result of fusion of pollen tube. gamosepalous, petals five and papilionaceous,
(c) are result of fusion of gametes. anthers ten and monadelphous, ovary superior and
monocarpellary.
(d) give rise to new plants.
96. Which of the following is correct with reference to floral (b) Zygomorphic, unisexual, sepals five and
character of the family solanaceae? gamosepalous, petals five and polypetalous, anthers
nine united and one free, ovary superior and
(a) Racemose, zygomorphic, unisexual, floral characters
monocarpellary.
(b) Racemose, zygomorphic, bisexual, polypetalous
(c) Axillary, bisexual, actinomorphic, epipetalous (c) Zygomorphic, bisexual, sepals five and
gamosepalous, petals five and papilionaceous,
(d) Axillary, actinomorphic, bisexual, epipetalous
anthers ten and diadelphous, ovary superior and
97. Which of the following represents the floral characters
monocarpellary.
of liliaceae?
(d) Zygomorphic, bisexual, sepals five and united,
(a) Six tepals, zygomorphic, six stamens, bilocular ovary,
petals five and united, anthers ten and diadelphous,
axile placentation.
ovary superior and monocarpellary.
(b) Actinomorphic, polyphyllous, unilocular ovary, axile
103. The main function(s) of root system is/are
placentation.
(c) Tricorpellary, actinomorphic, polyandrous, superior (a) absorption of water and minerals from the soil
ovary, axile placentation. (b) storing reserve food material
(d) Bisexual, zygomorphic, gamophyllous, inferior ovary, (c) synthesis of plant growth regulators
marginal placentation. (d) All of the above
Morphology of Flowering Plants 47

104. The region of the root-tip whose cells undergo rapid X Y Z

elongation and enlargement and are responsible for the (a) Scutellum Embryo Radicle
growth of the root in length is called the (b) Embryo Scutellum Radicle
(a) region of maturation. (c) Scutellum Radicle Embryo
(b) region of elongation. (d) Radicle Embryo Scutellum
107. "X" is the outermost whorl of the flower and contains
(c) region of meristematic activity.
"Y". Y is green, leaf like and protect the other whorls of
(d) root hairs.
the flower.
105. The region of the root-tip which is involved in the formation Identify X and Y.
of root hairs by epidermal cells is called the (a) X - Calyx; Y - Sepals
(a) region of maturation. (b) X - Corolla; Y - Petals
(b) region of meristematic activity. (c) X - Gynoecium; Y - Fruit
(c) region of elongation. (d) X - Androecium; Y - Ovary
(d) none of the above. 108. It is a proteinous layer and the outer covering of
106. The X is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm which separates the embryo. Identify the
endosperm. It consists of one large and shield shaped layer.
cotyledon known as Y and a short axis with a plumule and (a) Tegmen
a Z. Identify X, Y and Z. (b) Scutellum
(c) Hyaline layer
(d) Aleurone layer
 Hints & Solutions
13. (a) Stem is generally green when young and later often
become woody and dark brown.
Chapter 5 : Morphology of Flowering Plants The stem bears buds which may be terminal or axillary.
14. (b) A node is formed at the place from where a leaf arises,
1. (b) The direct elongation of the radicle leads to the i.e., the place of origin of a leaf on the stem apex is
formation of primary roots which grows inside differentiated as the node. The space between two
the soil. The radicle is the first part of a seedling successive nodes is called internode.
(a growing plant embryo) to emerge from the seed 15. (b) Underground stems are non green stems that may
during the process of germination. The radicle is take part in perennation, store food or help in
the embryonic root of the plant, an d gr ows vegetative propagation. Underground stems of
downward in the soil (the shoot emerges from potato, ginger, turmeric, zaminkand, Colocasia are
the plumule). modified stem to store food in them.
2. (b) Tap root or primary roots develop from the radicle. It 16. (d) Tendrils are spirally coiled, thread - like sensitive
forms lateral branches or secondary roots which are structures which develop from axillary buds and can
further branched to form tertiary roots. This type of coil around a support and help the plant in climbing.
root system is seen in the mustard plant. E.g., cucumber, pumpkins, water melon and
3. (a) Fibrous root system is found in monocotyledonous grapevines.
plants. In monocotyledons, primary root is short lived 17. (b) Thorn is a stiff, sharp-pointed woody projection on
and replaced by a large number of roots which the stem or other part of a plant. Thorns are found in
originate from the base of the stem and constitute many plants such as Citrus, Bougainvillea. They
the fibrous root system. protect plants from grazing animals.
4. (c) Root developing from any part of the plant other than 18. (c) A lateral branch with short internodes and each node
the radicle is called adventions roots. Adventitious bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots is found
roots are found in some plants like grass, Monstera in aquatic plants like Pistia and Eichhornia.
and banyan tree. 19. (a) In mint and jasmine, a slender lateral branch arises
5. (a) Root consists of four regions: root cap, region of from the base of the main axis and after growing
maturation, region of elongation and region of aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the
meristematic activity. Root hairs develop from the ground.
region of maturation. Region of maturation is the 20. (d) Lamina on the leaf blade is usually flattened green
area of origin of lateral roots. Root hair region is photosynthetic part consisting leaf veins and
called piliferous zone. This root hair absorbs water veinlets. Its upper surface is called adaxial while the
and minerals from the soil. lower surface is called abaxial. The shape margin,
6. (b) Water absorption takes place through root hairs. apex, surface and extent of incision of lamina vary in
The latter are present only in the maturation zone. different leaves.
7. (b) In maize, Pandamus, etc., adventitious roots develop 21. (a) Leaves of dicotyledonous plants possess reticulate
from the lower nodes of the stem to provide venation while parallel venation is the characteristics
mechanical support and are called stilt roots. of most monocotyledonous. In reticulate venation,
8. (c) Some plants are profusely branched and branches the main veins of leaf form numerous irregular
are thick and heavy. From these branches, roots arise branches and as a result a net like arrangements is
and hang downwards in the air and later penetrate the soil formed. Reticulated venation is the most common
and function as prop (for support) to the branch, e.g., Ficus vein formation in leaves. It can be found in the leaves
bengalensis (Banyan). of maple trees, oak trees and rose bushes.
9. (c) In some plants, roots arise from lower nodes of stem In parallel venation veins are arranged parallel to
and enter the soil and become stronger. Such roots each other.
are called shift roots. They protect the plant against 22. (d) Pinnate are feather like leaves. The segmentation of
winds, e.g., sugarcane, maize, screwpine. the leaf-blade is towards the mid-rib, so that the
10. (a) Pneumatophores or respiratory roots are erect, short leaflets are borne laterally on midrib or rachis.
root showing vertical and negatively geotrophic (grow Example, Neem.
in an upward direction). It protrudes some distance 23. (d) The arrangement of mature leaves on the stem or its
above substratum and occurs in certain halophytes, branches is called phyllotaxy. These are meant for
which grow in saline marshes (mangroves). getting maximum amount of light for photosynthesis.
11. (c) Pneumatophores or respiratory roots are short 24. (d) In alternate (or spiral) type of phyllotaxy, only one
vertical and negatively geotrophic (grow in upward leaf is borne at each node and leaves are arranged
direction). Examples, – Rhizophora, Heritiera and alternatively giving a spiral form. Example chinarose,
Avicennia. mustard and sunflower.
12. (d) A root differs from stem, without any exception, by 25. (a) In onion and garlic, scale - leaves store food and
the presence of unicellular root hairs and the absence water and are, therefore, thick and fleshy.
of nodes and internodes. 26. (a) The flower is the reproductive unit in angiosperms
 and is meant for sexual reproduction. Flower is the 36. (c) Cauliflower has the scientific name Brassica oleracea
seed-bearing part of a plant, consisting of belonging to the variety botrytis.
reproductive organs (stamens and carpels) that are 37. (a) Botanical name of banana is Musa paradi-sica.
typically surrounded by a brightly coloured corolla 38. (a) Bulb of Allium cepa is a modified stem.
(petals) and a green calyx (sepals). 39. (d) When stamens are attached to the petals, they are
27. (b) When both the essential whorls are present in the epipetalous as in brinjal, or epiphyllous when
same flower, it is described as bisexual, e.g., attached to the perianth as in the flowers of lily.
cruciferae, malvaceae etc. 40. (d) Calyx or sepals are the outermost lower most non-
28. (a) On the basis of symmetry, flower may be essential but protective whorl of the flower. Sepals
actinomorphic (radial symmetry) or zygomorphic are green, leaf like and protect the flower in bud stage.
(bilateral symmetry). In actinomorphic symmetry, When the sepals are free from one another, the calyx
flower can be divided into two equal halves in any is said to be polysepalous (mustard) and when the
radial plane passing through the centre. Examples - sepals are wholly or partially united with one another
mustard, Datura and chilli. by their margins then the calyx is said to be
29. (a) Staminode is a sterile or abortive stamen, frequently gamosepalous.
resembling a stamen without its anther. 41. (c) Reticulate venation is the characteristic of dicots. In
30. (b) Pollen grains are produced within the anther of reticulate venation the main vein a of leaf forms
stamen. Anther is the pollen-bearing part at the upper numerous irregular branches and as a result a net
end of the stamen of a flower. Most anthers occur at like arrangement is formed.
the tip of a slender, stem-like filament and have two 42. (a) In parietal placentation, the ovules develop on the
lobes. Each lobe contains two pollen sacs. When inner wall of the ovary or on peripheral part.
pollen matures in the pollen sacs, the lobes of the 43. (b) Androecium (male whorl) is composed of stamens.
anthers burst open in the process known as Each stamen which represents the male reproductive
dehiscence to release the pollen. organ consists of a stalk or a filament or an anther.
31. (d) Gynoecuim or pistil is the female whorl that is 44. (a) A bud is present in the axil of petiole in both simple
differentiated into the ovary, style and stigma. and compound leaves, but not in the axil of leaflets
Androecium is the male reproductive organ of the compound leaf. In Australian Acacia, the
consisting of stamen. Each stamen is distinguishable petioles expand, become green and synthesize food.
into anther and filament joined by a connective. 45. (d) The zone of elongation region of a root increases
32. (a) During the post fertilization period, the ovules length of the root. The external cells possess the
develop into seeds (A) and the ovary matures into a power of absorption of water and minerals salts from
fruit (B). the soil. The root hair zone represents the zone of
Seed is a fertilized and ripened ovule and the differentiation or maturation because different types
characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms. of primary tissues differentiate or mature in this
Fruit is the part of a seed-bearing plant that contains region. Maize and sugarcane have stilt roots.
the fertilized seeds capable of generating a new plant. 46. (d) The cells of the elongation zone gradually
Fruit develops from the female part of the plant. differentiate and mature. Hence, this zone proximal
Apples, peaches, tomatoes, etc. are fruits. to the region of elongation, is called the region of
33. (c) Hilum is the scar on a seed marking the point of maturation. From this region some of the epidermal
attachment of the developing seed vessel to the fruit. cells form very fine and delicate, thread like structures
34. (d) Cotyledons and testa respectively are the edible parts called root hairs. Stems of maize and sugarcane have
in ground nut and pomegranate. Cotyledon is an supporting roots coming out of the lower nodes of
embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more the stem called stilt roots.
of which are the first leaves to appear from a 47. (a) Statements - i, ii, iii and iv are not correct.
germinating seed. Testa is the outer layer of seed (i) Calyx and corolla are helping or accessory whorls
coat. It is thick, hard and leathery, whereas tegmen whereas andr oecium an d gynoecium are
is the inner layer of seed coat which is thin and reproductive organs of a flower.
papery. (ii) Actinomorphic flowers can be divided into two equal
35. (d) Tomato and tobacco both belong to the family radial halves in any radial plane and zygomorphic
Solanaceae. Solanaceae has some identifying flowers can be divided into two similar halves in one
characteristics-bicarpellary, syncarpous superior particular plane.
ovary, axile plancentation, fruit is berry or capsule. (iii) Flowers without bracts are termed as ebracteate and
 flowers with bract, reduced leaf found at the base of effect of gravity. Rhizome of ginger contains nodes,
the pedicel are called as bracteates. internodes and scaly leaves. Buds are emerges from
(iv) Parthenocarpic fruit is formed without fertilization of axils of scaly leaves. Response to light by plants is
the ovary. called phototropism. In this sense, shoot shows
48. (a) Statement (i) and (ii) are correct about leaf. positive phototropism and root shows negative
(iii) Leaves originates from the shoot apical phototropism.
meristems and arranged in an acropetal order. 58. (c) In fabaceae ovary is present. Placentation is marginal
(iv) Leaves are the most important vegetative with many ovules.
organs for photosynthesis. 59. (c) Pericycle is the outermost layer of stele. In dicot
49. (b) According to the position of gynoecium, the flowers stems, pericycle strengths the stem and provide
are of three kinds: perigynous, hypogynous and protection for the vascular bundles. In angiosperms
epigynous. The given statements describe the (dicots) pericycle gives rises to lateral roots
perigyny condition of flowers. contribute to the vascular cambium often diverging
In perigynous condition of flower, the calyx, corolla into a work cambium.
and androecium arises from the around of ovary. In 60. (b) Valvate, twisted, imbricate and vexillary are types of
these flowers the ovary is semi inferior. e.g, plum, aestivation.
rose and peach. A: Valvate aestivation - In this sepals or petals or
50. (a) The statements describe the phyllotaxy condition of tepals just touch one another without any
plants. Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on overlapping, e.g. Calotropis.
an axis or stem. Phyllotaxy facilitate the leaves to B: Twisted aestivation - In this one margin of each
obtain maximum light for photosynthesis. petal overlaps the margin of an adjacent petal and
51. (c) Fruit is a mature or ripened ovary, developed after the other margin being overlapped by margin of
fertilization. When pericarp is thick and fleshy, it is another adjacent petal, e.g. China rose, cotton.
differentiated into outer epicarp, middle mesocarp C: Imbricate aestivation: If the margin of sepals or
and inner endocarp. In mango and coconut, the fruit petals overlap one another but not in any particular
is known as a drupe. direction as in Cassia and Gulmohar, the aestivation
52. (c) Tulip, Gloriosa, Aloe and Asparagus belong to is called imbricate.
family liliaceae. The plumule and radicle are enclosed D: Vexillary aestivation - It is the characteristics
in sheaths are called coleoptile and coleorhiza aestivation of corolla of pea when posterior petal is
respectively. outermost. E.g, bean.
53. (b) Vexillary aestivation is found in papilionaceous 61. (c) 62. (d) 63. (a)
family. In cymose type of inflorescence, the main axis 64. (d) When the calyx, corolla and androecium arise below
terminates in a flower, hence is limited in growth. In the ovary, the flower is called hypogynous. In these
parietal placentation ovary is one chambered but it flowers the ovary is superior, e.g., mustard, China
becomes two cambered due to formation of the false rose and brinjal. In perigynous condition of flower,
septum. the calyx, corolla and androecium arise from the
54. (b) A leaf having a single or undivided lamina is called around of ovary. In these flowers the ovary is semi
simple leaf. The lamina can have different types of inferior, e.g., plum, rose and peach. When the calyx,
incisions, which may reach upto half (-fid), more than corolla and androecium arise from the top of the
half (-partite) or near the base or midrib (-sect). ovary, the flower is called epigynous. In these flowers
Depending upon the pinnate or palmate venation, the ovary is inferior, e.g., guava, cucumber and the
the incisions are known as pinnatifid, palmatifid, ray florets of sunflower.
pinnatipartite, palmatipartite, pinnatisect and 65. (c) Simple leaf is a leaf whose blade is not divided to the
palmatisect etc. midrib even though lobed. Simple is a leaf with entire
55. (b) Ginger is horizontal in position and generally lamina or when incised, the incisions do not touch
branched and producing aerial leaves or shoots the midrib. Testa is the outer layer of seed coat. It is
above ground and adventitious roots on lower side thick, hard and leathery. Cacti are succulent plant
in favourable season. Thus, shoot growth is not with a thick fleshy stem which typically bears spines,
effected by gravity. lacks leaves, and has brilliantly coloured flowers.
56. (c) Plants do propagate more vegetatively since they Pitcher plants and Venus fly trap are insectivorous
multiply faster vegetatively. plants. They have modified leaves to catch insects.
57. (b) Ginger is an example of rhizome (e.g. prostrate stem Garlic and onion have fleshy leaves which store food.
creeping horizontally under soil surface). It has no
66. (c) A: Gamosepalous: Sepals united 71. (d) In the given figure, the root tip shows their different
B: Polysepalous: Sepals free regions which are marked as A, B and C. The correct
C: Gamopetalous: Petals free labelling of A, B and C are region of maturation,
D: Polypetalous: Petals united region of elongation and region of meristematic
E: Epiphyllous: Stamens are attached to the perianth activity respectively.
as in flower of lily. 72. (a) Roots are modified in some plants to perform
F: Staminode: A sterile or abortive stamen, frequently functions other than absorption and conduction of
resembles a stamen without its anther. water and minerals. Figure A shows tap roots of
67. (d) Coleorhiza is the sheath that envelops the radicle in turnip, carrot and adventitious roots of sweet potato
certain plants and that is penetrated by the root in and figure B shows pneumatophores in Rhizophora.
germination. Endosperm is the part of a seed which Tap roots system is the characteristics of dicot
acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo, plants. Tap roots (develop from radicle) and
usually containing starch with protein and other adventitious root (develop from any part of the plant
nutrients. Grape is a parthenocarpic fruit. other than the radicle) get swollen and store foods.
Parthenocarpic fruit is formed without the fertilization Pneumatophore is a specialized structure developed
in the ovary. Mango is a single seeded fruit from the root in certain plants growing in swamps
developing from monocarpellary superior ovary. and marshes. These types of roots come out of the
Maize has a membranous seed coat. ground and grow vertically upwards. Pneumatophore
68. (b) Many plants belonging to the fabaceae family are helps to get oxygen for respiration.
sources of pulses (gram, arhar), edible oils (soyabean, 73. (a) Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of plants. In
ground nut), dye (indigofera), fibres (sun hemps), the given figure of leaf, the part marked as A, B, C
fodder (Sesabania), ornamental (lupin, sweet pea), and D are lamina, axillary bud, stipule and leaf base,
and medicine (mulaithi). respectively.
69. (a) The figures show the types of placentation. Lamina or leaf blade is green and expanded portion
Placentation is the arrangement of the placenta or of the leaf. In the middle of the lamina, a strong vein
placentae in the ovary of a flower. The function of called midrib is present which extends from its base
placentation is to transfer nutrients from maternal or apex. Axillary bud is borne at the axil of a leaf and
tissue to a growing embryo. is capable of developing into a branch shoot or flower
A: Marginal placentation is found in monocarpellary cluster. Stipule is a small leaf-like appendage to a
ovary. In this ovary is unilocular and ovules arranged leaf, typically borne in pairs at the base of the leaf
along margin of unilocular ovary. Examples - pea, stalk. Leaf base is the lower part of the lamina, and is
Clitoria, groundnut. attached to petiole or stem.
B: Axile placentation is found in bi- or multicarpellary 74. (b) In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues
and multilocular ovary. Ovules are arranged along to grow. The flowers are borne laterally in an acropetal
the central axis of placenta and the number of succession, which means the older flowers are at the
chambers corresponds to the number of carpels. base and younger flowers are near the apex. E.g.,
Examples - lemon, tomato, Hibiscus, cotton. radish, mustard, Amaranthus.
C: Parietal placentation is found in bi- or In cymose inflorescence, the axis terminates in a
multicarpellary ovary but unilocular. Ovules are flower, hence, is limited in growth. The flowers are
arranged along periphery or the inner wall of the borne in a basipetal order, which means older flowers
ovary, and number of placentae corresponds to the are at the apex and younger flowers are near the
number of carpels. Examples, Cucurbita, Argemone. base. E.g. cotton, jasmine, Calotropis.
D: Fr ee central placentation is found in 75. (a) Aestivation is the arrangement of petals and sepals
multicarpellary, syncarpous ovary. Ovules are borne with respect to one another in a floral bud before it
along the central axis which is not connected with opens. The given figure shows different types of
the ovary wall by septum. Example, Dianthus roam aestivation. Figures A, B, C and D show valvate,
Primrose. twisted, imbricate and vexillary aestivation.
E: Basal placentation is found in monocarpellary but In valvate aestivation, sepals or petals or tepals just
unilocular. In this placentation, the placenta develops touch one another without overlapping, e.g.
at the base of the ovary and a single ovule is attached Calotropis. In twisted aestivation, one margin of
to it. Examples - sunflower, marigold. each petal overlaps the margin of an adjacent petal
70. (d) and the other margin is overlapped by margin of
another adjacent petal, e.g. China rose, cotton. If the
 margin of sepals or petals overlap one another but Components of whorls are concentrically arranged
not in any particular direction as in Cassia and on a thalamus.
Gulmohar, the aestivation is called imbricate. Vexillary 80. (a) In mango and coconut, the fruit is known as drupe.
is the characteristics aestivation of corolla of pea Drupe develops from monocarpellary superior ovaries.
when posterior petal is outermost. In mango, the pericarp is differentiated into an outer
76. (a) Based on the position of floral parts on thalamus, thin epicarp, middle fleshy edible mesocarp and an
flowers are divided into three types shown in the inner stony hard endocarp. In coconut, the mesocarp
figures. Figures A, B and C are respectively is represented by the fibrous part.
hypogynous, perigynous and epigynous flower. 81. (b) In the given figure of dicotyledonous seeds, the
When the calyx, corolla and androecium arise below structure marked as A, B, C, D and E are respectively
the ovary, the flower is called hypogynous. In these hilum, micropyle, plumule, cotyledon and radicle.
flowers the ovary is superior. e.g., cruciferae, liliaceae. Hilum is the scar on a seed marking the point of
In perigynous condition of flower, the calyx, corolla attachment of the developing seed vessel to the fruit.
and androecium arise around the ovary. In these Micropyle is a small opening or pore present just
flowers the ovary is semi inferior. e.g., Saxifraga. below the hilum. It is the way of entry of water into
When the calyx, corolla and androecium arise from the seed. Plumule is the developing bud of a plant
the top of the ovary, the flower is called epigynous. embryo, situated above the cotyledons and
In these flowers the ovary is inferior. e.g., umbiliferae, consisting of the epicotyl and immature leaves.
compositae. Cotyledon is an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing
77. (a) The given figure shows types of compound leaves. plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to
A compound leaf consisting of several or many appear from a germinating seed. Radicle is the first
distinct parts (leaflets) is joined to a single stem. They part of a seedling (a growing plant embryo) to emerge
are of two types - pinnately (figure A) and palmately from the seed during the process of germination.
compound leaves (figure B). The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant, and
In pinnately compound leaves, a number of leaflets grows downward in the soil (the shoot emerges from
are present on a common axis, the rachis, which the plumule).
represents the midrib of the leaf as in neem. In 82. (c) In the given figure of monocotyledonous seeds, the
palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached structure marked as A, B, C, D and E are respectively
at a common point i.e. at the tip of petiole as in silk endosperm, embryo, scutellum, coleoptile and
cotton. coleorhiza. Endosperm is the part of a seed which
78. (a) Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a stem or acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo,
axis. Phyllotaxy is usually of three types which are usually containing starch with protein and other
shown in the given figures A (alternate), B (opposite) nutrients.
and C (whorled). Embryo is the part of a seed which develops into a
In alternate type, one leaf is borne at a node and plant, consisting (in the mature embryo of a higher
leaves are arranged alternately giving a spiral form, plant) of a plumule, a radicle, and one or two
e.g, mango, mustard and tobacco. In opposite cotyledons. Scutellum is the large shield like
arrangements, each node give rise to two leaves, cotyledon of the embryo of certain monocots. It is
arranged opposite to each other, e.g, Calotropis and specialized for the absorption of food from the
guava plants. In whorled arrangement more than two endosperm. Coleoptile is the first leaf above the
leaves are formed from each node, e.g, Nerium. ground, forming a protective sheath around the stem
79. (d) In the given figure of flower, the structure marked as tip. It surrounds the plumule. Coleorhiza is the sheath
A, B, C and D are respectively gynoecium, stamen, that envelops the radicle in certain plants and that is
ovule and thalamus. penetrated by the root in germination.
Gynoecium constitutes the inner essential whorl 83. (b) The given plants A (Pisum sativum), B (Solanum
flower comprising carpels. Carpel is the unit of nigrum) and C (Allium cepa) belong to fabaceae,
gynoecium. Each carpel contains ovary and stigma. solanacea and liliaceae families respectively.
Ovules are produced within ovary. Stamen is the 84. (b) Figure A, B and C are respectively tap root, fibrous
male fertilizing organ of a flower, typically consisting root and adventitious root. The root branches of the
of a pollen-containing anther and a filament. Ovule primary root are called as Taproot system. The
is the part of the ovary of seed plants that contains monocotyledons will have the primary root as short-
the female germ cell and after fertilization becomes lived and has many numbers of small lateral roots.
the seed. Thalamus is an expanded tip of the pedicel. These roots develop at the stem base and they form
 a root system called as fibrous root system, which is piliferous zone. In cell maturation zone, secondary
observed in the wheat plant (monocot). In some growth takes place. It is the area of origin of lateral
plants like banyan tree, monstera, and grass, parts roots.
of the plant other than radicle will be responsible for 91. (c) Underground stems of potato, ginger and Colocasia
the development of root system called as are modified to store food in them whereas leaves of
adventitious root system. certain insectivorous plants such as pitcher plant,
85. (a) All the functions are carried out by the root system venus-fly trap are modified leaves.
of the parts (marked as 5 and 6) of flowering plants. 92. (b) The arrangements of flowers on the floral axis
The flowering plant consists of an axis, root system (peduncle) are called as inflorescence. Most
and shoots system. The flowering plants consist of prominent function of the inflorescence is the
a long cylindrical axis which is differentiated into an formation of more flowers.
underground root system. Root is the descending, 93. (c) The character of flower which is represented by floral
non-green, underground part lacking nodes, formula but not by the floral diagram is the position
internodes, leaves and buds. Root system consists of gynoecium.
of primary roots (5) and secondary roots (6). The 94. (d) Gram and peas are exalbuminous (non-endospermic)
main functions of the root system are absorption of seeds because they usually store reserve food
water and minerals from the soil, providing a proper materials in cotyledons. In these seeds, the
anchorage to the plant parts, storing reserve food endosperm is used up and not present in mature
material and synthesis of plant growth regulators. seeds.
Shoot system is an aerial system, usually above the 95. (c) Morphologically, seed (ripened ovule) is the
soil and originates from the plumule. It consists of integumented mature, megasporangium which is
flower (1), fruits (2), stem (3), leaves (4) and branches. developed from a fertilized ovule and is with an
86. (c) The flower is the most characteristic structure of the embryo (future plant, enclosed by seed coat.)
angiosperms. It is a complex unit consisting typically 96. (c) Floral features of family solanaceae
of those parts which directly or indirectly contribute Inflorescence: Solitary and axillary
to the process of reproduction. Flowers: Actinomorphic, bisexual flowers
87. (c) The major part of the grain is occupied by a large Calyx: Calyx is composed of five sepals that are united
endosperm which is rich in starch. The endosperm and persistent. Aestivation is valvate.
has one to three layered peripheral protein layer Corolla: Corolla consists of five united petals with
called aleurone layer which separates the embryo valvate aestivation.
with endosperm. Androecium: It consists of five epipetalous stamens.
88. (d) Fibrous root system is better adopted than tap root Gynoecium: It consists of bicarpellary, syncarpous
system for anchorage of plants to soil. In fibrous superior ovary with axile placentation.
root system, the roots originate from the base of the Fruits: Berry
stem. E.g, wheat plant. Tap root system is the primary Seeds: Numerous, endospermous
root which is short lived and is replaced by a large
Floral formula: Å K(5) C(5).A5 G(2)
number of roots (called fibrous root).
89. (c) Leaf is a green, flattened outgrowth of the plant 97. (c) Liliaceae is the characteristics of monocotyledonous
arising from the node of the stem and is specialized plants. Floral characters of this family are:
to perform the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, tricarpellary, actinomorphic, polyandrous, superior
leaf is known as the kitchen or food factory of the ovary, axile placentation.
plant. 98. (c) Hypogynous flowers (Superior ovary): In this, the
90. (a) The correct sequence of the zones seen in the root ovary occupies the highest position on the thalamus,
tip is: CBEAD i.e. root cap zone, zone of meristems, while other floral parts are situated below it. In such
zone of elongation, root hair zone and zone of flowers, the ovary is superior. E.g., China rose,
maturation. mustard, etc.
Root cap zone protects the tender apex of the root as Perigynous flowers (Half inferior ovary): In this,
it makes its way through the soil. Zone of meristems the ovary is situated at the centre and other floral
have cells of very small size, thin walled and with parts are arranged on the rim of the thalamus. The ovary
dense protoplasm. They divide repeatedly. The cells here is said to be half inferior. E.g., plum, rose, peach.
in zone of elongation undergo rapid elongation and Epigynous flowers (Inferior ovary): In this, the
enlargement and are responsible for the growth of thalamus grows around the ovary fusing with its
the roots in length. Root hair region is called the wall. The other floral parts are present above the
 ovary. Hence, the ovary is said to be inferior. E.g.,
flowers of guava and cucumber.
99. (b) In fabaceae family, flower is zygomorphic, imbricate
aestivation and polypetalous.
100. (c) Marginal placentation is a placentation with ovules
borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple
ovary. Gram, arhar, sunhemp, moong, pea & lupin belong
to Fabaceae family that bears marginal placentation.
101. (c) In roots, node and internodes are absent.
102. (c) The given floral formula in the question belongs to
the family fabaceae. This family was earlier called
Papilonoideae, a subfamily of family leguminosae.
103. (d) Root system generally grows beneath the ground
into the soil. Functions of root system are as follows:
– It provides great anchorage and support to the
plant. Huge trees such as mango, red wood stand
erect due to the root.
– The root hairs absorb nutrients, water and
oxygen from the soil and conduct them to the
upper parts of the plant.
– Some of the tap roots are specially modified for
storage of carbohydrates and water.
104. (b) Region of elongation lies above the region of
meristematic activity. Cells in this region undergo
rapid elongation and enlargement and are
responsible for the growth of the root in length.
105. (a) Region of maturation lies above the region of
elongation. The cells of the elongation zone gradually
differentiate and mature. Epidermal cells of this region
form delicate thread like root hair, which helps in the
absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
106. (b) X – embryo, Y – scutellum, C – radicle
The embryo is small and situated in a groove at one
end of the endosperm. It consists of one large and
shield shaped cotyledon known as scutellum and a
short axis with a plumule and a radicle.
107. (a) Calyx of the flower contains sepals which are green
in colour and look like leaf and protect the other
whorls of the flower. Corolla is present inside the
calyx and made up of petals. Petals are different in
color and shapes and protects the other whorls
present inside it. It attracts insects for pollination
due to its color. Androecium is present inside the
corolla and made up of stamens. Each stamen
contains filament, anther and a connective.
108. (d) The aleurone layer is the outermost layer of the
endosperm, followed by the inner starchy endosperm.
This layer of cells is sometimes referred to as the
peripheral endosperm. It lies between the pericarp
and the hyaline layer of the endosperm.