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Doppler Effect

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The Doppler effect affects all waves projected from a moving source resulting in

frequency change for the receiver depending on the distance from the source (NASA
c. 2020). A prominent example of this effect is, in the sound waves, a siren of a
car is going by the receiver, it may notice the change in frequency of the siren;
this effect is a cause of the Doppler effect. Scientists tested and experimented on
the Doppler effect, the most prevalent being Christian Doppler (V Katsi, I Felekos,
I Kallikazaros c. April-June 2013). This effect has precise formulas to calculate
the frequency projected and receive for the movement of the receiver or indication
of the source, each with 3 variations with the source going closer to the receiver
or the source becoming farther away from the receiver and with them being
stationary (LibreTexts c. n/a).

This scientific effect affects sound, light and water types of waves, however, it
may be a remnant of other types of waves. The Doppler effect on sound doesn’t
change the frequency of the wave, it makes the wavelength shorted making pressure
variate and for the human eardrum to receive a higher tone of sound than what is
being projected (NASA c. 2020). Another example of the effect in practice is a boat
on the water, if the boat is stationary, the boat will go up and down and the
normal speed, however when the boat is moving actively towards the waves it will
cause the boat to have more vertical movement and to be more rapid and varied
(phys.uconn.edu c. n/a).

In astronomy, this phenomenon is a significant principle towards redshift and


blueshift in the movement of planets, however, it is not the only reason for
redshift and blueshift. As planets and galaxies are constantly moving expanding or
coming closer to the Earth we get the Doppler effect to affect the light being
emitted from the planets/stars (Swinburne University of Technology c. n/a). During
this process of light transmission when a light source is being forced away from
the observer the effect of redshift will take place; this will cause a shift
towards the red end of the visible spectrum of light in the electromagnetic waves.
On the other hand, if the source is being pushed towards the observer an effect of
blueshift will take place; as the waves will compress the frequency of waves will
increase putting the electromagnetic waves more towards the blue end of the visible
spectrum (byjus.com c. n/a).

In sound waves, this effect works very similarly to light waves, however, it
differs by tone and not frequency. As the wavelength shrinks and the frequency
becomes higher the tone will change depending on if the object is closer or farther
(NASA c. 2020). A common example of this effect in place is when a siren of a
firetruck passes by, if the siren is stationary if you are the same distance from
the siren as another person you will hear the same thing. If the truck is moving
towards you and away from the other person you will hear a higher pitch than the
other person that the truck is moving away from. All types of Doppler effects can
be put into a formula to calculate the observed frequency: observed frequency =
actual frequency x velocity of soundwaves ∓ velocity of the observer / velocity of
soundwaves ± velocity of the source.

- General formula for calculating observed frequencies as a result of the Doppler


effect (byjus.com c. n/a).

To sum up, the Doppler effect is a scientific phenomenon that is prominent in


physics and waves. All types of waves can be affected by the Doppler effect, mostly
water, sound and light waves that are affected. This effect affects observed
frequencies projected by moving/stationary sources; by changing the wavelength. The
original frequency is not changed however, the frequency from the source to the
receiver is changed due to wavelength and the compression/expansion of the waves.

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