Oedema in a patient with albuminuria is caused by a fall/rise in ……….

A. plasma colloid pressure

B. plasma colloid oncotic pressure
C. tissue hydrostatic pressure
D. tissue colloid pressure
ANSWER: B

In the nursing process, nursing orders represent the …………..

A. actual nursing intervention
B. assessment of patient’s data
C. patient’s health problems
D. proposed plan of care
ANSWER: D

The hormone that regulates the reabsorption of calcium and phosphorous is ...……
A. aldosterone
B. parathormone
C. somatostatin
D. thyroxin
ANSWER: B

Which of the following is an initial sign of hyperkalaemia?

A. Addison’s pernicious anemia
B. Aplastic anaemia
C. Hemorrhagic anemia
D. Pancytopenia anaemia
ANSWER: D

Extra-cellular fluids are found in the following compartments EXCEPT:

A. Blood vessels
B. Cytoplasm
C. Interstitial space
D. Spinal cord
ANSWER: B

Potassium excess can result in ………..

A. increased sweating
B. muscle cramps
C. sunken eyes
D. tongue fissure
ANSWER: B

An agent of a disease is referred to as the ……..

A. affected person
B. causative organism
C. environmental condition
D. method of spread of the disease
ANSWER: B

The major function of sodium in the body is to ……….

A. balance body fluid
B. form ATP
C. process extracellular fluid
D. promote wound healing
ANSWER: A

The predominant cation in the intracellular compartment is ……….

A. calcium
B. chloride
 C. magnesium
D. potassium
ANSWER: D

A positively charged ion in the body is called …………

A. anion
B. buffer
C. cation
D. hydrolysis
ANSWER: C

The process of collecting data from the patient or family is referred to as ……………
A. biographic data
B. chief complaint
C. data recall
D. history taking
ANSWER: D

Which of the following is not an attribute of a symptom?

A. Associated manifestations
B. Location
C. Quality
D. Type
ANSWER: D

Which of the following test results does not match its interpretation?
A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine: used to assess cardiac function
B. Eosinophils: increase in allergic conditions
C. Lymphocytes: increase in chronic conditions like TB, syphilis etc.
D. Neutrophils: increase in acute infections and ischaemic necrosis
ANSWER: A

Which of the following is NOT part of the extracellular fluid compartment?

A. Inaccessible bone water
B. Intravascular fluids
C. Intravesicular
D. Transcellular fluids
ANSWER: A

Compounds which when dissolved, dissociates into ions is referred to as …..…….

A. anions
B. cations
C. electrolytes
D. solutes
ANSWER: A

The accumulation of fluid in the interstitial air spaces in the lungs occurs in a
disorder called pulmonary………
A. edema
B. embolism
C. emphysema
D. hypertension
ANSWER: A

The majority of body’s fluid is contained in which fluid compartment?

A. Extracellular
B. Interstitial
C. Intracellular
D. Intravascular
ANSWER: C

Which of the following is an inherited hemolytic anemia? ………… anemia.

A. Autoimmune hemolytic
B. Bacterial induced
C. Parasitic induced
D. Sickle cell
ANSWER: D

In atherosclerosis, the deposition of fatty material occurs within the………..

A. inner lining of the blood vessels
B. middle lining of the blood vessels
C. outer lining of the blood vessels
D. superficial venioles and arterioles
ANSWER: A

A type of clotting disorder with a deficiency in clotting factor VIII is called

haemophilia……..
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
ANSWER: A

Which of the following is NOT considered a clotting defect?

A. Afribrinogenemia
B. Anaemia
C. Haemophilia
D. Thrombocytopenia purpura
ANSWER: B

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a disorder of purine

metabolism?
A. Gout
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteoporosis
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
ANSWER: A

A nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low
suction. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that the client is at risk for
which acid-base disorder?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
ANSWER: B

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic ketoacidosis and documents that the
client is experiencing Kussmaul’s respirations. Based on this documentation, which
of the following did the nurse observe? Respiration that (are) …………….
A. abnormally deep, regular and increased rate
B. cease for several seconds
C. labored and increased in depth and rate
D. regular but abnormally slow
ANSWER: A

A nurse plans care for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
understanding that the client is most likely to experience what type of acid-base
imbalance?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
ANSWER: C

Haemophilia, a coagulation disorder results from deficiency of factor ……

A. IV only
B. IV and VIII
C. VIII and IX
D. VIII and IV
ANSWER: C

Immature red blood cells are called ………..

A. haemoglobins
B. megakaryocytes
C. monocytes
D. reticulocytes
ANSWER: D

Haemophilia B is also called …………. disease.

A. Addision’s
B. Crohn’s
C. Christmas
D. Von Kelly’s
ANSWER: C

Which of the following often causes haemorrhagic anaemia?

A. decreased absorption of nutrients in the gastro-interstinal tract
B. endocrine changes in the body
C. lack of micro-nutrients in the diet
D. physical injury to either external or internal structures with severe blood
loss
ANSWER: D

Pernicious anaemia is associated with …………..

A. decreased absorption of vitamin B12
B. decreased consumption of iron
C. excessive consumption of iron
D. excessive loss of gastric juices
ANSWER: A

An aspirate of synovial fluid from a patient with gout is likely to reveal which
of the following?
A. Bloody synovial fluid
B. Cloudy synovial fluid
C. Presence of organisms
D. Presence of urate crystals
ANSWER: D

Which of under listed causes Acute Haemorrhagic Anaemia?

A. Gastric atrophy
B. Hereditary
C. Malabsorption syndrome
C. Malabsorption syndrome
D. Post-partum haemorrhage
ANSWER: D
 Which of under listed causes Iron Deficiency Anaemia?
A. Gastric atrophy
B. Hereditary
C. Malabsorption syndrome
D. Post-partum haemorrhage

ANSWER: C

Which of under listed causes Pernicious Anaemia?

A. Exposure to radiation
B. Folic acid deficiency
C. Gastric atrophy
D. Hereditary
ANSWER: C

Which of under listed causes Aplastic Anaemia?

A. Exposure to radiation
B. Folic acid deficiency
C. Gastric atrophy
D. Hereditary
ANSWER: B

Which of the under listed causes Sickle cell Anaemia?

A. Exposure to radiation
B. Folic acid deficiency
C. Gastric atrophy
D. Hereditary
ANSWER: D
ANSWER: D

Which of under listed causes Megaloblastic?

A. Exposure to radiation
B. Folic acid deficiency
C. Gastric atrophy
D. Hereditary
ANSWER: B

The most common type of lymphadenopathy in children is …………. lymphadenopathy.

A. abdominal
B. axillary
C. cervical
D. sub maxillary
ANSWER: C

Regional lymphadenopathy is mostly caused by…………

A. autoimmune disorders
B. certain medications
C. infections
D. malignancy
ANSWER: C

Techniques for physical examination include the following EXCEPT:

A. Assessment
B. Auscultation
C. Palpation
D. Percussion
ANSWER: A
The following are examples of haemolytic anaemia EXCEPT:
A. G6PD
B. Haemophilia
C. Sickle cell anaemia
D. Thalassemia
ANSWER: B

Haemolytic anaemia can be caused by………. i. Epistaxis ii. Iron deficiency iii.
Malaria iv. Sickle cell anaemia v. Thalassaemia
A. i and ii
B. i, ii and iii
C. i, ii and iv
D. iii, iv and v
ANSWER: D

Dementia often occurs in which of the following type of anaemia?

A. Addison’s syndrome
B. Aplastic
C. Haemorrhagic
D. Pernicious
ANSWER: D

The nursing management of a patient in sickle cell crisis includes all the
following EXCEPT:
A. Administration of IV iron and diet high in iron
B. Blood transfusion if required and iron chelating
C. Monitoring of complete blood count
D. Optimal pain management and oxygenation
ANSWER: A

In the care of a patient with leukemia, the nurse must observe the patient for
…………
A. bleeding tendencies and signs of infection
B. eating of non-nutritious substances
C. signs of dehydration and mental alertness
D. signs of overhydration and pharyngitis
ANSWER: A

Which of the under listed is the definitive diagnostic test for Aplastic Anaemia?
A. Bone Marrow Biopsy
B. Full Blood Count
C. Hb Electrophoresis
D. Schilling test
ANSWER: A

Which of the under listed is the definitive diagnostic test for Iron deficiency
Anaemia?
A. Hb Electrophoresis
B. Schilling test
C. Sickling test
D. Serum Ferritin level
ANSWER: D

Which of the under listed is the definitive diagnostic test for Hemorrhagic
Anaemia?
A. Bone Marrow Biopsy
B. Full Blood Count
C. Hb Electrophoresis
D. Schilling test
 ANSWER: B

Which of the under listed is the definitive diagnostic test for Sickle Cell ?
A. Bone Marrow Biopsy
B. Full Blood Count
C. Hb Electrophoresis
D. Schilling test
ANSWER: C

Which of the under listed is the definitive diagnostic test for Pernicious Anaemia?
A. Bone Marrow Biopsy
B. Full Blood Count
C. Hb Electrophoresis
D. Schilling test
ANSWER: D

Madam Adjoa a 24year old trader has a genotype (AS) and she is married to Mr.
Mensah who is a business man and has a genotype (SC). What percentage (%) of their
children will be born with the genotype AS? ………%
A. 25
B. 50
C. 75
D. 100
ANSWER: A

Madam Adjoa a 24year old trader has a genotype (AS) and she is married to Mr.
Mensah who is a business man and has a genotype (SC). What percentage (%) of their
children will be born with the genotype AC? ………%
A. 15
B. 25
C. 50
D. 75
ANSWER: B

Madam Adjoa a 24year old trader has a genotype (AS) and she is married to Mr.
Mensah who is a business man and has a genotype (SC). What percentage (%) of their
children will be born with the genotype SC? ………..%
A. 25
B. 50
C. 70
D. 75
ANSWER: A

Madam Adjoa a 24year old trader has a genotype (AS) and she is married to Mr.
Mensah who is a business man and has a genotype (SC). What percentage (%) of their
children will be born with the genotype SS? ……..%
A. 25
B. 50
C. 70
D. 100
ANSWER: B

Madam Adjoa a 24year old trader has a genotype (AS) and she is married to Mr.
Mensah who is a business man and has a genotype (SC). What specific diagnostic
investigation will be done to confirm the genotype of Madam Adjoa’s children?
A. Bone marrow aspiration
B. Full Blood Count
C. Hb Electrophoresis
D. Sickling Test
 ANSWER: C

Mr. & Mrs. Abu are known carriers of the sickle cell genotype (AS). How many of the
Children expressed in percentage (%) will be carriers?
A. 25
B. 50
C. 70
D. 100
ANSWER: B

It is important for the nurse to prevent infection in sickle cell patient because
infection can ……….
A. cause clubbing of the fingers
B. cause further blood loss
C. cause sickling
D. kill instantly
ANSWER: C

Changes in which of the following will cause movement of water into and out of the
cell?
A. ECF osmolality
B. ECF potassium
C. ICF calcium
D. ICF hydrogen
ANSWER: A

The gland that manufactures, stores, alters and excretes a large number of
substances involved in metabolism in the body is………………
A. adrenal
B. liver
C. pancreas
D. thyroid
ANSWER: B

The following are predisposing factors of congenital heart disease EXCEPT:

A. Foetal & maternal infections
B. Genetic abnormalities
C. Obesity
D. Radiation
ANSWER: C

A child with rubeola (measles) is being admitted to the hospital. In preparing for
the admission of the child, a nurse plans to place the child on which precautions?
A. Airborne
B. Direct
C. Enteric
D. Protective
ANSWER: A

Pathogen for measles is known as ……………..

A.Morbillivirus
B.Plasmodium
C.Variola virus
D.Vibro cholera
ANSWER: A

While teaching a patient with hypertension about controlling the condition, the
nurse must recognize that………………………..
A. all patient with increase blood pressure require medication
B. it is not necessary to limit salt intake if taking diuretics
C. lifestyle modifications are indicated for all patient with increased blood
pressure
D. obese persons must achieve normal weight in order to lower blood pressure
ANSWER: C

Which of the following dietary regimes is the most appropriate for a patient with
pyrexia?
A. Decreased calories and vitamins, increased minerals
B. Increased calories and fluids, reduced fats
C. Increased protein and fluids, reduced fats
D. Increased vitamins and minerals, reduced fats.
ANSWER: B

The observation which will provide the best information about a patient fluid
balance is
A. Daily weight
B. Daily urine output
C. Eight hourly urinalysis
D. Four hourly urinalysis
ANSWER: A

The priorities of resuscitating a collapsed patient would be

A. Circulation, breathing, airway
B. Airway, circulation, breathing
C. Breathing, airway, circulation
D. Airway, breathing, circulation
ANSWER: D

The nurse/midwife is admitting a patient whose diastolic pressure is 110mm/Hg. She

would …………
A. ask patient to rest and check B/P again in half an hour
B. order a low-fat diet and advise weight loss
C. order complete bed rest and elevate foot of bed
D. record her blood pressure lying and standing 4 hourly
ANSWER: A

The mode of transmission of upper respiratory infection is usually through ………

A. blood borne organisms
B. direct contact or droplet spread
C. fomites
D. ingestion of contaminated food and water

ANSWER: B

Which of the following infections can be prevented by good sanitation, proper

personnel hygiene and screening of food handlers is?
A. Chicken pox
B. Gonorrhoea
C. Hepatitis A
D. Measles

ANSWER: C

The major function of sodium in the body is to …………..

A. promote wound healing
B. to form ATP
C. balance body fluid
D. process extracellular fluid
 ANSWER: C

Clinical features of hypokalaemia include ……………

A. apathy, weakness, abdominal distension
B. bounding pulse, confusion, oedema
C. diarrhea, irregular pulse rate, spasms
D. sunken eyeballs, Kussmauls breathing, thirst

ANSWER: A

A patient with gastric ulcer is put on antibacterial agents. The nurse should
explain to the patient that these are ordered to …………….
A. augment the immune response
B. potentiate the effect of antacids
C. reduce hydrochloric acid secretion
D. treat Helicobacter pylori infection
ANSWER: D

The coronary arteries ……………

A. carry blood from the aorta to the myocardium
B. carry high oxygen content blood to the lungs
C. carry reduced oxygen content blood to the lungs
D. supply blood to the endocardium
ANSWER: A

The ideal fluid replacement for the patient with an extra -cellular fluid volume
deficit is a/an ………… solution.
A. hypertonic
B. hypotonic
C. isotonic
D. plasma expander
ANSWER: B

Tidal volume can be explained as the amount of air …………

A. exhaled forcibly after normal expiration
B. exhaled normally after normal inspiration
C. forcibly inspired over and above normal inspiration
D. trapped in the alveoli that cannot be extended
ANSWER: B

In a respiratory acidosis, compensation would be accomplished by ……….

A. lungs retaining carbon dioxide
B. lungs elimination carbon dioxide
C. kidneys eliminating bicarbonate
D. kidneys retaining bicarbonate
ANSWER: B

An example of primary prevention activities by the nurse would be ………….

A. assisting in immunization programs
B. correction of dietary deficiencies
C. establishing goals for rehabilitation
D. prevention of disabilities
ANSWER: A

When assessing a patient with hyperthyroidism, the nurse should expect the patient
to exhibit ………
A. increased appetite, slow pulse and dry skin
B. loss of weight, constipation and restlessness
C. nervousness, weight loss and increased appetite
D. protruding eyeballs, slow pulse and sluggishness
ANSWER: C

During physical examination of the patient’s skin, the nurse should ……………..
A. focus initially on examination of specific lesions or problem areas
B. maintain the patient’s privacy by undressing only areas that are abnormal
C. provide a private, well – lighted room
D. wear gloves during palpation of the skin
ANSWER: B

When a patient is unconscious, the nurse should expect him to be unable to …......
A. control elimination
B. hear voices
C. move spontaneously
D. react to painful stimuli
ANSWER: A