NCM 103 Funda Module 1
NCM 103 Funda Module 1
NCM 103 Funda Module 1
NCM 103
3 units Lecture (54 Hours)
2 unit RLE Skills (102 Hours)
Course Description
This course deals with concepts,
principles, theories and techniques
basic to nursing as a profession,
science and art. It emphasizes on the
concept of man of as a holistic being
and the professional roles of the nurse
in health care setting. The learners are
expected to utilize the nursing process
LEARNING PACKET ON and the basic nursing skills as primary
tool in health promotion, diseases
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING prevention, restoration and
maintenance and rehabilitation.
Prepared by:
Nelia P. Magsino RN MN
Norsaada D. Sajili, RN MN
Abdulkarim O. Agga, RN MAN
Level 1 NCM 103 Instructors
Message to the Learners Message to the Learners
As we get ready to embark on this journey into our Together, let us embrace new normal and
new-and-improved remote learning environment well I must continue to be productive student nurses, as we
say, feeling some trepidation is understandable. Rest assured, embark you to the new lessons and experiences in the
as one of the instructors tasked to deliver NCM 103/ nursing world. With the use of our blended learning
Fundamentals of Nursing subject I am giving my commitment approach, we hope that in the end of this semester,
to walk in this path in partnership with you and will be focused you shall be the cream of the crop when it comes to
on reaching a common destination: the very best foundation in the fundamentals of nursing. Let’s meet half way and
Nursing that will equip you all for the future. Inshaa Allah. This work hand in hand with me for a fun learning
is not to say that you are no longer beset with challenges. But experience. God bless you all.
no challenge is insurmountable, for as long as you continue to
work harder in your studies and provide a mindset that you will
be future nurses and an asset in the healthcare team. I
welcome You All for the second semester for the school year
2020-2021! Together let us team up to lift the educational
ladder! Sincerely yours,
Best of Luck,
Abdulkarim O. Agga, RN MAN
Nursaada A. Sajili-Damih, RN MN Gmail account: brentabzpogi@gmail.com
Messenger: Nursaada Sajili Messenger: BrentAbz Faculty
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Message of the Learners required to keep on top of each week. Each student must
manage their own time each week, to know when
assignments are due, and any other weekly course
obligations. This will involve regularly logging into the
online learning systems to check forums, communications,
monitor email address, and virtually interact with
classmates, team members, instructors, and course
materials. I may also be using Modular Distance Learning
Wherein It involves individualized instruction that allows
you to use self-learning materials (SLMs). Such
instructions are learning content, textbooks, schedules and
activity guides. This module will be send to you for your
Ma’am Nelia self-learning and I will be taking the responsibility to
monitor your progress in learning. Should there be any
queries, you can reach me through my email account, or
Education is said to be the passport to every chat me at my Facebook messenger which I will be posting
student’s future, for tomorrow belongs to those who in the last part of my message.
prepare for it today. It opens up the mind of every
individual, expands it and allows you to improve your life in Studying is an important part of gaining your
so many ways. And when we say education, this quotes education, in my capacity as your teacher, I will do my best
learning. As we go along with our daily lives, we get to learn to lead you to take responsibility for your learning.
many things. One of the formal things in learning is to earn Facilitate you to discover priceless lessons that will lead
a degree which our institution I believe can offer to you a you to your futures path. To my dear students, allow our
road to your future. excellence launch your success. Let’s buckle down for
learning and face the challenges of the new normal.
In this 2nd semester school year 2020-2021, I am
going to handle Fundamental of Nursing Practice (NCM
103). I and my team will be teaching you the basic Sincerely yours,
principles and procedures of nursing. This subject
highlights the significance of the fundamental needs of
humans and competence in fundamental skills as Ma. Nelia P. Magsino, RN, MN
prerequisites to providing extensive nursing care. These Facebook account: Ma. Nelia P. Magsino
theories are the basis of the nursing discipline and what Contact No.: 0956-3351028
makes it a profession. Email address: ailenonisgam2020@gmail.com
This is you learning packet for Fundamentals of Nursing, which is patterned based on ADPCN’s
outcome based learning syllabus. There will be 5 modules containing this learning packet with activities enclosed
in it. Kindly answer all the activities enclosed in every module and submit it to the email address of your respective
instructors. Also, you may contact your respective instructors anytime within 8am-5pm or upon an appointment
for any queries regarding this learning packet. It is expected that by the end of this semester, this module will be
thoroughly discussed via Google Meet/ Zoom Meeting depending on the discourse of the instructor handling
your class. God bless and enjoy learning.
PLACEMENT: 1st Year, 2nd Semester 5. Demonstrate sound relationship with God, Self and
PRE-REQUISITES: Anatomy & Physiology, NCM 100 others by being compassionate, Caring and empathic in
CONTACT HOURS: 54 hours’ lecture / 102 hours’ the delivery of quality service.
laboratory 6. Apply guidelines and principles of highest standards in
the performance of the delivery of care.
INSTITUTIONAL CORE VALUES 7. Produce a well-rounded Brentonian equipped with
appropriate Knowledge, Attitude and Skills who are ready
1. Christ – like Servant – A servant who is fully aware and to meet the demands of the challenging society.
sensitive to the needs of others just like Jesus Christ
who came to serve and not to be served PROGRAM OUTCOMES
2. Preserve the Sanctity of life – Upholds the mandate of
the Creator to preserve the sanctity of life of every 1. Apply knowledge of physical, social, natural and health
person. sciences and humanities in the practice of nursing.
3. Client centered – We continuously uphold the 2. Apply safe appropriate and holistic care to individuals,
challenges to be a client-centered institution by being families, population, groups and community utilizing
compassionate, caring, and emphatic in the delivery of nursing process
services 3. Apply guidelines and principles of evidence-based
4. Quality Service-We serve with highest standard. Top practice in the delivery of care.
most quality service is our aim, our inspiration and 4. Practice nursing in accordance with existing laws,
primary mission legal, ethical and moral principles.
5. Integrity and Professionalism – We operate within the 5. Communicate effectively in speaking, writing and
spirit of law. Always doing the right thing, honest and presenting using culturally-appropriate language.
hardworking 6. Work effectively in collaboration with inter-, intra- and
6. Synergy- We work closely as one family and multidisciplinary and multicultural teams.
harmoniously coordinate with each other. We 7. Document to include reporting up-to-date client care
recognize each and everyone’s contribution towards a accurately and comprehensively.
common goal 8. Practice beginning management and leadership skills
in the delivery of client care using a systems approach,
INSTITUTIONAL GOALS 9. Engage in lifelong learning with a passion to keep
current with national and global developments in
1. Practice Christian-like attitude to contribute positively to general, and nursing and health developments in
the accomplishment of goals through collaborative particular.
processes. 10. Conduct research with an experienced researcher.
2. Engage in service –learning activities for meaningful 11. Demonstrate responsible citizenship and pride in
community involvement. being a Filipino.
3. Provide safe, ethical standards and holistic care to 12. Apply techno-intelligent care systems and processes
individual, family, population group and community with in health care delivery.
integrity and professionalism. 13. Adopt the nursing core values in the practice of the
4. Communicate effectively in speaking, writing and profession.
presenting using appropriate language. 14. Apply entrepreneurial skills in the delivery of nursing
care.
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MODULE OUTLINE Types (Independent, Dependent, Interdependent)
Health Education
1. Concept of Man, Health and Illness e. Evaluation
a. Define health, wellness and illness Types: Planned, Ongoing, Purposeful
b. Explain the dimension of wellness f. Documentation
c. Discuss the health-illness continuum Guidelines/Protocols/Tools in documentation
d. Enumerate the stages of wellness and illness related to client care
e. Describe the three levels of prevention Subjective Information, Objective Information,
f. Factors and Issues affecting Health and Illness Assessment, Plan, Implement and Evaluate
2. Concept of Nursing as a Profession, Science and Art. (SOAPIE).
A. Nursing as a Profession Focus, Data, Action, Response (FDAR).
a. Criteria Electronic Health Record (EHR).
b. Personal and professional Qualities of a nurse Problem Oriented Medical Record (POMR).
c. Fields of Nursing Guidelines/Protocols/ Tools in reporting
d. History of Nursing related to client care
(world and Philippines, include history of own Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment,
nursing school) Recommendation, Read Back (ISBARR)
e. Development of Modern Nursing Change of Shift Report
f. Overview of Professional Nursing Practice Incident Report
1. Level of Proficiency according to Benner Referral System
2. Roles and Responsibilities of a Professional Healthcare Electronic Database
Nurse
3. Scope of Nursing Practice based on RA 9173 4. Concepts and Principles of Partnerships, Collaboration
B. Nursing as an Art and Teamwork
1. Caring A. Development of Teamwork and Collaboration
a. Caring Practice Model Self-awareness
b. 6 C’s of Caring Dyad
c. Caring for self and others
Group
2. Communicating
Team
a. Process and Modes
Health Care Team
b. Therapeutic Communication
c. Helping Relationship Multidisciplinary Team
d. Nurse Patient Interaction B. Tools for facilitating Teamwork
3. Teaching C. Roles of the Nurse
a. Health promotion 5. Concept of Leadership and Management
b. Disease prevention A. Roles of the Nurse as Leader/Manager
c. Health Restoration and Maintenance B. Positive Practice Environment
d. Rehabilitation Elements
C. Nursing as a Science Characteristics
3. Problem Solving Process 6. Concepts of Continuing Professional Development
A. Nursing Process A. Lifelong
a. Assessment B. Career Path/Development Map
Subjective: Health History
Objective: Physical Examination and Diagnostic 7. Ethico-Moral and Legal Considerations in the Practice
Tests of Nursing
b. Nursing Diagnosis A. Philippine Nursing Law of 2012: RA 9173
NANDA Art.VI, Sec 28: Scope of Nursing Practice
B. Patients’ Bill of Rights
NANDA Taxonomy II
C. Informed Consent
c. Planning
D. Data Privacy Law
Types: Initial, Ongoing, Discharge
E. Code of Ethics
Formulation of objectives, priority setting F. Philippine Professional Nursing Roadmap
Nursing Outcomes Classification G. National Nursing Core Competency
d. Intervention Standards
Nursing Intervention Classification
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MODULE 1
Concept of Man, Health & Illness
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this Module, you shall be able to;
1. Identify influences on client’s definitions of health, wellness, and
well- being.
2. Describe the five components of health accurately.
3. Identify variables affecting health status, beliefs and practices
correctly.
4. Differentiate illness from diseases and acute illness from chronic
illness comprehensively.
5. Describe the effects of illness on individuals and family member’s
roles and functions.
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Nurses’ understanding of health and environment. People’s lives, and therefore their
wellness largely determines the scope and health, are affected by everything they interact
nature of nursing practice. Clients’ health beliefs with—not only environmental influences such as
influence their health practices. Some people climate and the availability of food, shelter,
think of health and wellness (or well-being) as clean air, and water to drink, but also other
the same thing or, at the very least, as people, including family, lovers, employers,
accompanying one another. However, health coworkers, friends, and associates.
may not always accompany well-being: A
person who has a terminal illness may have a Health has also been defined in terms of
sense of well-being; conversely, another person role and performance. Talcott Parsons (1951),
may lack a sense of well-being yet be in a state an eminent American sociologist and creator of
of good health. For many years, the concept of the concept “sick role,” conceptualized health as
disease was the yardstick by which health was the ability to maintain normal roles. In 1953, the
measured. In the late 19th century the “how” of U.S. President’s Commission on Health Needs
disease (pathogenesis) was the major concern of the Nation made the following statement
of health professionals. The 20th century about health: “Health is not a condition; it is an
focused on finding cures for diseases. Currently adjustment. It is not a state but a process. The
health care providers are increasing their process adapts the individual not only to our
emphasis on promoting health and wellness in physical but also our social environments”. The
individuals, families, and communities. American Nurses Association, in its social policy
statement (2010), states, “Health and illness are
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH, WELLNESS AND human experiences. The presence of illness
WELL-BEING does not preclude health, nor does optimal
health preclude illness”
Health, wellness, and well-being have
many definitions and interpretations. The nurse B. Wellness and Well Being
should be familiar with the most common
aspects of the concepts and consider how they Wellness is a state of well-being. Basic
may be individualized with specific clients. aspects of wellness include self-responsibility;
an ultimate goal; a dynamic, growing process;
A. Health daily decision making in the areas of nutrition,
stress management, physical fitness, preventive
Traditionally health was defined in terms health care, and emotional health; and, most
of the presence or absence of disease. Florence importantly, the whole being of the individual
Nightingale (1860/1969) defined health as a
state of being well and using every power the Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato (2011)
individual possesses to the fullest extent. The propose seven components of wellness. To
World Health Organization (WHO) (1948) takes realize optimal health and wellness, people
a more holistic view of health. Its constitution must deal with the factors within each
defines health as “a state of complete physical, component:
mental, and social well-being, and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity.”
d. Eudaimonistic Models
The eudaimonistic model incorporates a
comprehensive view of health. Health is seen as
a condition of actualization or realization of a
person’s potential. Actualization is the apex of
the fully developed personality, described by
Abraham Maslow In this model the highest
aspiration of people is fulfillment and complete
development, which is actualization. Illness, in The agent–host–environment
this model, is a condition that prevents self- triangle.
actualization. Pender, Murdaugh, and Parsons
(2011) include stabilizing and actualizing a. Agent. Any environmental factor or stressor
tendencies in their definition of health: “the (biologic, chemical, mechanical, physical, or
realization of human potential through goal- psychosocial) that by its presence or
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absence (e.g., lack of essential nutrients) wellness continuum The health axis extends
can lead to illness or disease. from peak wellness to death, and the
environmental axis extends from very favorable
b. Host. Person(s) who may or may not be at to very unfavorable. The intersection of the two
risk of acquiring a disease. Family history, axes forms four quadrants of health and
age, and lifestyle habits influence the host’s wellness:
reaction.
HEALTH ILLNESS CONTINUUM Dunn’s health grid: its axes and quadrants.
From “High-Level Wellness for Man and Society,” by H. L. Dunn, 1959,
American Journal of Public Health, 49, p. 788. Reprinted with permission of
Health–illness continua (grids or American Public Health Association.
graduated scales) can be used to measure a
person’s perceived level of wellness. Health and 1. High-level wellness in a favorable
illness or disease can be viewed as the opposite environment. An example is a person who
ends of a health continuum. From a high level of implements healthy lifestyle behaviors and
health, a person’s condition can move through has the biopsychosocial, spiritual, and
good health, normal health, poor health, and economic resources to support this lifestyle.
extremely poor health, eventually to death. 2. Emergent high-level wellness in an
People move back and forth within this unfavorable environment. An example is a
continuum day by day. There is no distinct woman who has the knowledge to
boundary across which people move from implement healthy lifestyle practices but
health to illness or from illness back to health. does not implement adequate self-care
How people perceive themselves and how practices because of family responsibilities,
others see them in terms of health and illness job demands, or other factors.
will also affect their placement on the 3. Protected poor health in a favorable
continuum. The ranges in which people can be environment. An example is an ill person
thought of as healthy or ill are considerable. (e.g., one with multiple fractures or severe
hypertension) whose needs are met by the
Dunn’s High Level Wellness Grid health care system and who has access to
appropriate medications, diet, and health
Dunn (1959) described a health grid in care instruction.
which a health axis and an environmental axis 4. Poor health in an unfavorable environment.
intersects. The grid demonstrates the An example is a young child who is starving
interaction of the environment with the illness– in a drought-stricken country.
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Illness–wellness continua.
“Illness-Wellness Continua” from Wellness: Concepts and Applications by David Anspaugh, Michael Hamrick and Frank Rosato. Copyright ©2010 by McGraw-Hill Education.
Used by permission of McGraw-Hill Education.
Family wellness enhances wellness in the real concepts are more complex than the
individuals. In a well family that offers trust, love, diagram suggests.
and support, the individual does not have to
expend energy to meet basic needs and can
move positively on the wellness continuum. By Thoughts to Ponder:
providing effective sanitation and safe water,
disposing of sewage safely, and preserving
beauty and wildlife, the community enhances Health status. State of health of an individual at
both family and individual wellness. a given time. A report of health status may
Environmental wellness is related to the include anxiety, depression, or acute illness and
premise that humans must be at peace with and thus describe the individual’s problem in
general. Health status can also describe such
guard the environment. Societal wellness is
specifics as pulse rate and body temperature.
significant because the status of the larger,
social group affects the status of smaller groups. • Health beliefs. Concepts about health that an
Dunn believes that social wellness must be individual believes are true. Such beliefs may or
considered on a worldwide basis. may not be founded on fact. Some of these are
influenced by culture, such as the “hot cold”
ILLNESS-WELLNESS CONTINUUM system of some Hispanic Americans. In this
The illness–wellness continuum system, health is viewed as a balance of hot and
developed by Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato cold qualities within a person. Citrus fruits and
(2011) ranges from optimal health to premature some fowl are considered cold foods, and meats
death. The model illustrates arrows pointing in and bread are hot foods. In this context, hot and
cold do not denote temperature or spiciness but
opposite directions and joined at a neutral point.
innate qualities of the food. For example, a fever
Movement to the right of the neutral point is said to be caused by an excess of hot foods.
indicates increasing levels of health and Another example of a culturally related health
wellness for an individual. This is achieved belief is the belief that health and illness are
through health knowledge, disease prevention, closely associated with the amount and quality
health promotion, and positive attitude. In of blood in the body. For example, some
contrast, movement to the left of the neutral Southern Americans say that “high blood,”
point indicates progressively decreasing levels meaning too much blood in the body, causes
of health. Some people believe that a health headaches and dizziness. For additional
continuum is overly simplistic and linear when information about cultural views of health and
illness.
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Health behaviors. The actions people take to Genetic makeup influences biologic
understand their health state, maintain an characteristics, innate temperament, activity
optimal state of health, prevent illness and level, and intellectual potential. It has been
injury, and reach their maximum physical and
related to susceptibility to specific disease, such
mental potential. Behaviors such as eating
wisely, exercising, paying attention to signs of as diabetes and breast cancer. For example,
illness, following treatment advice, avoiding people of African heritage have a higher
known health hazards such as smoking, taking incidence of sickle cell disorder and
time for rest and relaxation, and managing one’s hypertension than the general population but
time effectively are all examples. Health may be less susceptible to malaria. Genetic
behavior is intended to prevent illness or predisposition for health or illness is enhanced
disease or to provide for early detection of when parents are from the same ethnic genetic
disease. Nurses preparing a plan of care with an pool. Nurses are expected to incorporate
individual need to consider the person’s health knowledge of genetics and genomics (how
beliefs before they suggest a change in health genetics interacts with the environment and
behaviors.
other personal factors in influencing health) in
their care and teaching of clients.
VARIABLES INFLUENCING HEALTH
STATUS, BELIEFS AND PRACTICES Sex influences the distribution of disease.
Certain acquired and genetic diseases are more
Many variables influence a person’s common in one sex than in the other. Disorders
health status, beliefs, and behaviors or more common among females include
practices. These factors may or may not be osteoporosis and autoimmune disease such as
under conscious control. People can usually rheumatoid arthritis. Those more common
control their health behaviors and can choose among males are stomach ulcers, abdominal
healthy or unhealthy activities. In contrast, hernias, and respiratory diseases.
people have little or no choice over their genetic
makeup, age, sex, culture, and sometimes their Age is also a significant factor. The distribution
geographic environments differentiates health of disease varies with age. For example,
status, beliefs, and behaviors or practices. arteriosclerotic heart disease is common in
middle-aged males but occurs infrequently in
Internal Variables younger people; such communicable diseases
as whooping cough and measles are common
Internal variables include biologic, in children but rare in older adults, who often
psychological, and cognitive dimensions. They have acquired immunity to them.
are often described as non- modifiable variables
because, for the most part, they cannot be Developmental level has a major impact on
changed. However, when internal variables are health status.
linked to health problems, the nurse must be
even more diligent about working with the client b. Psychological Dimension
to influence external variables (such as exercise
and diet) that may assist in health promotion and Psychological (emotional) factors influencing
prevention of illness. Regular health exams and health include mind– body interactions and self-
appropriate screening for early detection of concept.
health problems become even more important.
Mind–body interactions can affect health
a. Biologic Dimensions status positively or negatively. Emotional
responses to stress affect body function. For
Genetic makeup, sex, age, and developmental example, a student who is extremely anxious
level all significantly influence a person’s health. before a test may experience urinary frequency
and diarrhea. A person worried about the
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outcome of surgery or about the behavior of a External Variables
teenager may chain-smoke. Prolonged
emotional distress may increase susceptibility to External variables affecting health
organic disease or precipitate it. Emotional include the physical environment, standards of
distress may influence the immune system living, family and cultural beliefs, and social
through central nervous system and endocrine support networks.
alterations. Alterations in the immune system
are related to the incidence of infections, a. Environment
cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
People are becoming increasingly aware
Emotional reactions also occur in response of their environment and how it affects their
to body conditions. For example, a person health and level of wellness. Geographic
diagnosed with a terminal illness may location determines climate, and climate affects
experience fear and depression. Self-concept is health. For instance, malaria and malaria-
how a person feels about self (self-esteem) and related conditions occur more frequently in
perceives the physical self (body image), needs, tropical rather than temperate climates.
roles, and abilities. Self-concept affects how Pollution of the water, air, and soil affects the
people view and handle situations. Such health of cells. Pollution can occur naturally
attitudes can affect health practices, responses (e.g., lightning-caused fires produce smoke,
to stress and illness, and the times when which pollutes the air). Some man-made
treatment is sought. An example is a woman substances in the environment, such as
with anorexia who deprives herself of needed asbestos, are considered
nutrients because she believes she is too fat carcinogenic (i.e., they cause cancer). Tobacco
even though she is well below an acceptable is “hazardous to one’s health,” with rates of
weight level. cancer higher among both smokers themselves,
and those who live or work near people who
c. Cognitive Dimension smoke in their environment.
16 | P a g e Note: Please answer this on a separate sheet of paper and email it to the official emails of your NCM 103 Instructor. For further
clarifications regarding the above topics, you contact them via your Facebook group messenger or on their official emails.