B.SC Operation Theatre Technology
B.SC Operation Theatre Technology
B.SC Operation Theatre Technology
of
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS.................................................................................. 4
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4
2. Level and Duration ............................................................................................................. 4
3. Nomenclature of Qualification ........................................................................................... 4
4. Equivalence ......................................................................................................................... 5
5. Professional Status and Future Scope of Graduate ............................................................. 5
5.1 Care of the person requiring surgical intervention ........................................................... 5
5.2 Management and supervision ........................................................................................... 5
5.3. Training and Education .................................................................................................... 6
5.4. Community Services ........................................................................................................ 6
5.5. Research and Development.............................................................................................. 6
5.6. Legal and Ethical Requirement ........................................................................................ 6
6. Place of work/posting ......................................................................................................... 7
7. Program Mission ................................................................................................................. 7
8. Scheme of the Program ....................................................................................................... 7
9. Admission Criteria and Total Procedure............................................................................. 8
10. Program competencies of the graduate ........................................................................... 9
10.1 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 9
10.2 Outcomes ...................................................................................................................... 10
11. Program Specific Learning Outcome (Competencies of the Graduate) ....................... 11
12. Year wise Distribution of Contact Hrs. / and Credits into Theory & Skills. ................ 11
12.1 List of modules arranged semester/year wise with time allocation in wks. /hrs. ...... 12
12.1.1 YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 ................................................................................... 15
BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES .................................................................................... 15
INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY......................................................................... 16
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY ................................................................... 19
BIOCHEMISTRY..................................................................................................... 20
PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY ................................................................. 22
GENERAL PATHOLOGY ...................................................................................... 25
12.1.1 YEAR 1 SEMESTER II......................................................................................... 29
BASIC ENGINEERING SCIENCES ........................................................................... 29
BIOSTATISTICS, EPIDEMIOLOGY & RESEARCH ........................................... 30
PHYSICS .................................................................................................................. 38
MATERIALS & BIOMATERIALS ......................................................................... 40
PRINCIPLES OF MECHANICS & BIOMECHANICS .......................................... 41
COMPUTER CONTROLS, IT AND AUTOMATION ........................................... 42
BIOTECHNOLOGY ................................................................................................ 44
PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING .............................................................. 47
HISTORY / PAKISTAN STUDIES ......................................................................... 48
ISLAMIYAT & ETHICS ......................................................................................... 49
YEAR 2 Semester III ........................................................................................................ 52
APPLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES ............................................................................... 52
ABDOMEN, PELVIS AND LOWER LIMB ANATOMY ..................................... 53
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THORAX AND UPPER LIMB ANATOMY .......................................................... 53
HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY ............................................................................ 55
BLOOD AND CVS PHYSIOLOGY ........................................................................ 56
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY ............................................................................. 58
GIT AND ENDOCRINOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY .................................................... 59
PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST . Error! Bookmark
not defined.
PHARMACOLOGY FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST . Error! Bookmark
not defined.
DISEASES OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM............................................................ 64
DISEASES OF GIT .................................................................................................. 66
YEAR 2 SEMESTER IV .................................................................................................. 68
APPLIED ENGINEERING SCIENCES ...................................................................... 68
BASIC MICROBIOLOGY ....................................................................................... 69
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY .................................................................................. 2
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY .................................................................................... 1
SURGICAL EQUIPMENT’S ..................................................................................... 2
SURGICAL SUPPLIES IN THE OPERATING ROOM ........................................... 2
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.................................................................................... 1
PRINCIPLES OF ASEPTIC AND STERILE TECHNIQUES .................................. 1
DECONTAMINATION AND DISINFECTION ....................................................... 5
STERILIZATION BY PHYSICAL METHODS ....................................................... 7
STERILIZATION BY CHEMICAL METHODS .................................................... 10
YEAR 3 ............................................................................................................................. 12
INTRODUCTION TO SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY ............................................. 13
COMMUNICATION AND TEAM WORK .............................................................. 1
PATIENT TRANSPORT AND POSITIONING IN OPERATION THEATRE ....... 1
OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUES ....................................................................... 5
PRE-OPERATIVE LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS ....................................... 1
PRE-OPERATIVE RADIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS .......................................... 3
PRE-OPERATIVE CARE .......................................................................................... 4
INTRA AND POST-OPERATIVE CARE ................................................................. 2
TRAUMA ................................................................................................................... 4
ELECTIVE CLINICAL SURGERY (/OPD) ............................................................. 5
EMERGENCY CLINICAL SURGERY .................................................................... 7
ELECTIVE OPERATIVE GENERAL SURGERY ..Error! Bookmark not defined.
EMERGENCY OPERATIVE GENERAL SURGERY ........................................... 11
YEAR 4 ............................................................................................................................... 1
ANESTHESIOLOGY ................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ANESTHESIA EQUIPMENT’S ................................................................................ 2
OPERATION THEATRE DESIGN AND RECONSTRUCTION Error! Bookmark
not defined.
OPHTHALMIC EQUIPMENT’S, INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES AND THEIR
MAINTENANCE ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
OPHTHALMIC SURGERY ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
2
ORTHOPAEDIC EQUIPMENT’S INSTRUMENT’S SUPPLIES AND THEIR
MAINTENANCE ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY (SURGICAL ASSISTANCE) IN OT ............... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
UROLOGICAL SURGICAL EQUIPMENT’S, INSTRUMENTS SUPPLIES AND
THEIR MAINTENANCE .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
GENITO URINARY SURGERY (SURGICAL ASSISTANCE) IN OT ......... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
PAEDIATRICS SURGICAL EQUIPMENT’S INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES AND
THEIR MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................... 8
PEDIATRICS SURGERY (SURGICAL ASSISTANCE) IN OT . Error! Bookmark
not defined.
CENTRAL STERILE SUPPLY DEPARTMENT ..................................................... 2
ENDOSCOPY............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
13. Taxonomy of Learning Domains .................................................................................... 9
14. Credit Accumulation and Transfer System (CATS) ..................................................... 10
15. Research Work .............................................................................................................. 10
16. Objectives of Literature Review Assignments ............................................................. 11
17. Objectives of Clinical Cases Collection and Reporting ................................................ 11
18. Instructional Strategies/Learning Strategies ................................................................. 11
19. Log Book ...................................................................................................................... 12
20. Roles and responsibilities of Teachers .......................................................................... 12
21. Criteria of Supervisors & Mentors ................................................................................ 13
22. Assessments, Progression & Examinations .................................................................. 13
Examinations......................................................................................................................... 13
Module Assessments and and Semester GPA Calculation. .............................................. 13
Mid Comprehensive Examination (MCE) ........................................................................ 14
Final Comprehensive Examination (FCE) ........................................................................ 16
23. Scoring and Grading System ........................................................................................ 17
24. Administration of Program(s) ....................................................................................... 18
25. Institutional Support and Learning Facilities ................................................................ 19
26. Diploma Supplement .................................................................................................... 19
27. Quality Improvement of Programs ............................................................................... 21
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GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS
1. Introduction
Care of the Surgical Patient is a team-based approach in which every member of team has
its set responsibilities. Given the rapid development of health care technology like anesthesia
machine, endoscopic equipment’s (laparoscopy, arthroscopy) surgical intervention are now
rapidly changing. With the advancement of technology, the process of Operating Room
Education is made necessary element to take maximum advantage of technology to provide safe
patient care in variety of surgical settings.
The role of Operating room/Surgical Technologist is very important as a member of
the surgical team in the operating room who works with the surgeon, anesthesiologist and
certified registered nurse, and other Operating Room Personnel is in delivering direct patient
care before, during and after surgery by interacting with state of the art technology. Surgical
technologists perform functions and tasks that provide a safe environment for surgical care
and contribute to the efficiency of the operating team by supporting operating surgeons,
nurses and others involved in diagnostic and operative procedures. Surgical technologists
also work in other patient care service settings that call for special knowledge about asepsis,
or about methods of making or keeping an environment antiseptic as in Central Sterile
Supply department.
3. Nomenclature of Qualification
B.Sc. (Hons.) Allied Health Sciences Operation Theatre /Surgical Technology.
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4. Equivalence
The graduates of these programs will be given recognition, jobs and emoluments as commensurate with
other B.sc (Hons) graduates of four (4) years duration after FA/FSc (Level-6 EU) and old MA/MSc Pak
Programs.
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5.3. Training and Education
Supervises and conducts the education and training of Operating Room
Personnel’s.
Lectures and demonstrates to colleagues in his/her profession and other
professionals concerned with Operating Room/Surgical technology and to other
interested groups.
To take part in and contribute to the process of continuing professional
development.
Keeps up to date new technological developments in the field of Surgery and
teaching techniques.
5.4. Community Services
Makes a professional contribution to and take part in community rehabilitation
programmers.
5.5. Research and Development
Conducts continuing evaluation of his/her activities.
Develops and actively participates in formal evaluation and research programs.
Participates in scientific/professional meetings and contributes papers to
scientific/professional journals.
Use outcome measures to review state of the art procedures to determine best
practice
5.6. Legal and Ethical Requirement
Provide patient care, which complies with medical/legal requirements.
Provide patient care within a recognized surgical code of ethics.
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6. Place of work/posting
These technologists have many employment choices. In addition to the hospital operating
room, they may work in private specialty practices surgery as ophthalmology,
neurosurgery, obstetrics and Orthopedics. Ambulatory surgery centers also employ
surgical technologists, as do veterinarians for assistance in surgery.
These Technologists may work as sales representatives or technical specialists for
teaching Operating Room Staffs how to use new equipment’s, such as orthopedic devices
and implants.
Management of Central Supply department of hospital and can advanced training in
hospital administration.
In the field of education, the experienced technologists Join as Lecturer in teaching
Institutions to teach and train in a variety of settings.
Improve their education by seeking admission in M.Phil /M.Phil leading to PhD
Programs
7. Program Mission
The Surgical Technology program is an integral unit of the Health Sciences and
Human Services department. The program educates the student to assist the surgical team
to become a vital member of the multidisciplinary healthcare workforce to ensure the
quality of care is provided to every surgical patient.
8. Scheme of the Program
Type of Scheme of the Curriculum is Hybrid (combination of Semester and Annual
Types). First two years are divided into four (4) semesters of twenty (20) weeks each. The
second two years are of Annual Type. Both Semesters and Annual Study Block are Modularized
where each module is taught and evaluated independently.
The duration of the program, the credit accumulation and transfer system and general
learning objectives are based on the recommendations of the EU Higher Education. The Bloom
Taxonomy of Learning Levels & Quality Assurance is derived from USA Practices.
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Year I (Semester I) (Semester II) : At the End of the Program
20 weeks 20 weeks
Phase I Introduction to Basic Introduction to Basic
Health Sciences Engineering Sciences
(General) (General)
Evaluation at End of
field of admission Practical Skill Learning 80%
Each Module
Year IV Practical Training in the Theory 20%
field of admission Practical Skill Learning 80%
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iii. Admission vacancy based/competitive/transparent
iv. Admission of all programs will be made on merit without assigning any specific
program.
Vii. Based upon merit of admission, and choice of students will be allocated specific
programs at the end of the first year of education. In 3rd Semester, the students will be
asked to report to their Program Director who will administer their curriculum for year 2,
3 & 4.
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10.2 Outcomes
The students will be able to demonstrate skills necessary in care, handling,
processing, and sterilization of surgical instruments, equipment and supplies.
Manage Operation Theatres of different surgical specialties like General Surgery,
Orthopaedic Surgery, Gynecology, Ophthalmology, urology and obstetrics Surgery
etc.
The Graduates of this program will be able to work out their knowledge and apply
their skills in Operating Room, the perioperative environment, infection control and
central sterile supply department.
The graduate of the Surgical Technology Program will be able to assist and manage
variety of Surgical and Diagnostic Procedures at Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgery
centers and surgical clinics.
Develop an ability to solve problems
Conduct continuing evaluation and participate in formal evaluation and research
program.
Will be able to devise improved job methods for increasing efficiency to solve
problem to manage clinical and research situations.
Will be able to adopt and apply methods and techniques to the individual needs or
capabilities of patients and considering patient’s comfort and economic factors.
Will be able to demonstrate effective interpersonal skills with patients, surgeon, OR
Nurses, technicians and co-workers.
Will be able to apply administrative policies and procedures effectively in the
performed duties and create his professional impact as a capable Operation
Theatre/Surgical Technologist.
Will be able to take part in, contribute to the process of continuing professional
development, and keep abreast of new development in technology concerning the
surgical case according to patient requirements.
Will be able to supervise the activity of supporting staff to ensure the teamwork and
function as effective team leader by taking part in planning and implementation of
Standard Operating Procedures.
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11. Program Specific Learning Outcome (Competencies of the
Graduate)
The competencies, which a graduate will exhibit at the end of the program, will be started
in following five (5) aspects;
i. Knowledge
ii. Skills
iii. Ethics
iv. Research
v. Future Scope
12. Year wise Distribution of Contact Hrs. / and Credits into Theory
& Skills.
11
12.1 List of modules arranged semester/year wise with time allocation in
wks. /hrs.
Introduction to Anatomy 6
Introduction to Physiology 4
Introduction to Biochemistry 3
Biostatistics 2
Year
Physics 3
1
Chemistry 3
Computer 3
Semester II 20
Islamyat 2
Statistics / dynamics 2
English 2
Pakistan studies 2
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Duration
Year Semester Module Title Year
week
III
Head and Neck Anatomy 2
Respiratory Physiology 2 20
Clinical Microbiology 2
Applied Microbiology 2
Surgical Equipment’s 2
13
Introduction to Surgical Technology 3
Communication and Team work 3
Patient transport and Positioning in Operation 3
Theatre
Pre-Operative Laboratory Investigations 3
Pre-Operative Radiologic investigations 3
Year Pre-Operative Care 3
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3 Operating Room Techniques 3
Intra and Post-Operative Care 3
Trauma 4
Elective Clinical Surgery (Ward/OPD) 3
Emergency Clinical Surgery(Emergency /ward) 3
Elective Operative General Surgery 3
Emergency Operative General Surgery 3
Introduction to Anesthesia and Techniques 3
Anesthesia Equipment’s 3
Medical Surgical Skills 3
3
Central Sterile Supply Department
Genitourinary Sugary 6
Pediatric Surgery 6
The whole curriculum is divided into modules. The Curriculum of whole program is collection of
curriculum of all modules.
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12.1.1 YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1
2. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY 4
3. INTRODUCTION PHARMACOLOGY 4
4. INTRODUCTION BIOCHEMISTRY 3
5. INTRODUCTION GENERAL
3
PATHOLOGY
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Module Name:
INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY
Module No: 02
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: ____03 Week________ Hrs. __________ Credit. _________
Learning Objectives
To introduce the objectives of B. Sc Medical Technology.
To describe the general anatomy of the human body.
To describe the anatomy of the different systems of the body.
To describe the applied aspects of human anatomy.
Contents
1. Introduction to Anatomy
2. Body planes and cavities
3. Cell
4. Tissue
5. Tissue
6. Skeletal system-axial
7. Skeletal system-appendicular.
8. Joints
9. Muscular system.
10. Muscular system
11. Integumentary system (Hair and Nail).
12. Circulatory system- Heart
13. Heart
14. Arterial system.
15. Venous system
16. Lymphatic system
17. Mouth, pharynx and esophagus.
18. Stomach
19. Small and large intestines.
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20. Liver and spleen
21. Respiratory system-Upper
22. Respiratory system-Lower
23. Urinary system-kidneys.
24. Ureter
25. Urinary Bladder
26. Spinal cord.
27. Spinal nerves
28. Cranial nerves
29. Meninges
30. Medulla Oblongata.
31. Pons & Mid brain.
32. Cerebellum.
33. Diencephalon
34. Cerebrum
35. Ventricles of brain and CSF circulation.
36. Autonomic nervous system.i
37. Special senses-structure of eye.
38. Structure of eye.
39. Structure of ear
40. Tongue
41. Endocrine system – pituitary gland
42. Thyroid and parathyroid glands
43. Pancreas and adrenal gland
44. Male reproductive system
45. Female reproductive system
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1.
2.
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Module Name:
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGY
Module No: 02
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: ____03 Week________ Hrs. __________ Credit. _________
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the objectives of B.Sc Medical Technology
To describe the normal Physiology of the human body.
To describe the normal homeostasis and adaptation of the body.
To describe the Physiology of the different systems of the body.
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parathyroid, pancreas and adrenal gland hormones.
15. Reproductive system, female reproductive cycles, pregnancy and lactation, male
reproductive system.
16. Special senses, Physiology of vision, audition, olfaction and gestation.
17. Nervous system, central and peripheral nervous system, formation and circulation of
CSF in brain.
1.
2.
Module Name:
BIOCHEMISTRY
Module No: 02
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: ____03 Week________ Hrs. __________ Credit. _________
1. Biochemical philosophy
2. Acid base balance
3. Blood gas analyzer
4. Fluid and electrolyte balance
5. Molecular organization of proteomics
6. Molecular organization of glycomics
7. Molecular organization of lipomics
8. Enzymology & biological oxidation
9. Endocrinological organization
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10. Vitamins, minerals and nutrition
11. Practical diagnostic biochemistry
12. Biochemical philosophy
13. Acid base balance
1.
2.
21
Module Name:
Contents
Introduction to pharmacology
* Historical background
* Routes of administration
* Dosage forms
* Pharmacokinetics
* Pharmacodynamics
* Terminology : definitions with examples
* Adverse drug effects
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- Gastrointestinal treat (GIT)
* Antiemetics
* Antiulcer drugs
* Purgatives
- Respiratory system
* Antitussives and mucolytics
* Bronchodilators and other drugs for asthma
* Antihistamines and drugs for common cold
- Kidney
* Diuretics
- Chemotherapy
* Antibacterial agents
* Antiprotozoal agents
* Antiseptics and disinfectants
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- Endocrinology
- * Insulin and antidiabetics
* Cortico steroids
* Adrenadine
* Dopamine
* Atropine
1.
2.
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Module Name:
GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Module No: 02
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: ____03 Week________ Hrs. __________ Credit. _________
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the responses to different types of injury at the cellular and subcellular
level
2. Enlist the differences between necrosis and apoptosis.
Describe different morphological patterns of tissue necrosis
3. Describe the different types of responses of the cells to stress.
4. Describe the different types of exogenous and endogenous pigmentations.
5. Describe the sequence of vascular changes in acute inflammation (vasodilation,
increased permeability) and their purpose.
6. Define the terms edema, transudate, and exudate.
7. Describe the steps involved in phagocytosis and the role of IgG and C3b as
opsonins and receptors.
8. Compare and contrast acute vs chronic inflammation with respect to causes, nature
of the inflammatory response, and tissue changes10. Describe the differences
between the various cell types (ie, labile, stable, and permanent cells) in terms of
their regeneration potential. List examples of each cell type.
9. Distinguish between fibrinous, purulent, and serous inflammation. Define an
abscess.
10. Describe the systemic manifestations of inflammation and their general physiology,
including fever, leukocyte left shift, and acute phase reactants
11. Define and understand the process of excessive growth of different types of cell
Contents
25
Hyperplasia
2. Hpertrophy
3. Atrophy
4. Metaplasia
5. Cell injury and cell death
6. Causes of Cell injury
7. Mechanisms of cell injury
8. Reversible and irreversible cell injury
9. Morphology of cell injury and necrosis
10. Apoptosis
11. Sub cellular responses to injury
12. Intracellular accumulations
13. Pathological calcification
2.Inflammation and healing
1. Acute Inflammation
2. Chemical mediators of inflammation
3. Outcomes of acute inflammation
4. Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation
5. Systemic effects of inflammation
6. Mechanisms of tissue regeneration
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2. Understand the differences between benign and malignant tumors
3. Understand the classification of different tumors
4. Understand the TNM classification of malignant tumors
5. Define and describe hyperemia and congestion ,edema, ,hemorrhage, thrombosis,
infarction and embolism ,
6. Describe shock. And its different types .Understand the mechanisms leading to shock.
7. Describe the organization of nuclear material, its replication and division.
8. Understand different modes of inheritance
9. Describe the the different types of genetic aberrations.
10. Understand the basis of molecular diagnosis of genetic disorders
11. Define the components of the immune system.
12. Understand the innate and adaptive immunity, the classes of
immunoglobulins.
13. Define humoral and cellular immunity.
14. Define the differences between immunity and hypersensitivity.
15. Describe the autoimmune diseases and their diagnosis.
16. Understand the immune deficiency states
5-Diseases of immunity
1. General features of immune system
2. Cells and tissues of the immune system
3. Innate and adaptive immunity
4. Disorders of the immune system
5. Autoimmune diseases
6. Immunological deficiency syndromes
6-Neoplasia
1. Benign and Malignant Neoplasms
2. Biology of tumor growth
3. Molecular basis of cancer
4. Host defenses against tumors
5. Clinical features of tumors
7-Basis of hematology
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1. Anemia’s
2. Leukemia
3. Coagulation disorders
Practical:
Concept of basic procedures in Microbiology (Bacteriology, Virology, Parasitology &
Sterilization
Concept of basic procedures in Hematology & Blood Banking
Concept of basic procedures in Chemistry
1.
2.
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12.1.1 YEAR 1 SEMESTER II
BASIC ENGINEERING SCIENCES
2. PHYSICS 3
3. CHEMISTRY 3
4. COMPUTER 3
5. ISLAMYAT 2
6. STATISTICS / DYNAMICS 2
7. ENGLISH 2
8. PAKISTAN STUDIES 2
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Year I Semester II
Module Name:
Contents
INTRODUCTION
i) Descriptive and
ii) Inferential Statistics
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1.5 Population and samples
1.6 Definition of Data
1.7 Data Analysis and presentation of results
2. Presentation of Data
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Frequency (Qualitative Data)
2.3 Frequency Distributions (Quantitative Data)
2.4 Histogram
2.5 Pie chart
2.6 Frequency Polygon
2.7 Frequency Distributions of the Population
2.8 Shapes of frequency distributions
2.9 Scattered Diagram
3. Measures of locations
4. Measures of Variation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Range
4.3 Standard deviation
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4.4 Quartile deviation
4.5 Mean deviation
4.6 Standardized Variable
4.7 Co-official of variation
4.8 Skewness
5. Probability
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Probability calculations
5.3 Multiplicative rule
5.4 Additive rule
5.5 Binomial Distribution
5.6 Poisson Distribution
5.7 Normal Distribution
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Large Sample case (Normal Distribution)
6.3 Smaller Samples
6.4 Confidences interval using t-distribution
6.5 Severe non Normality
6.6 Summary of Alternatives
7. Statistical Inference
7.1 Estimation
7.2 Point estimation
7.3 Standard error
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7.4 Interval estimation
7.5 Testing of Hypothesis
7.6 P-Value
7.7 Calculation of required Sample size
8.1 Introduction
8.2 t-test
8.3 Pared t-test
8.4 Relation between Confidence intervals and significance tests
8.5 One sided and two sided tests
8.6 One simple t-test
8.7 Normal test
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Sampling distribution of difference between two means
9.3 Normal test (Large Sample or known standard deviation)
9.4 t-test (Small samples, equal standard deviation)
9.5 Small samples, un-equal standard deviation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 One way Analysis of variance
10.3 Assumptions
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10.4 Relation ship with two sample t-test
10.5 Two way Analysis of variance
10.6 ANOVA table
10.7 LSD
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Correlation
11.3 Significance test
11.4 Linear Regression
11.5 Significance test
11.6 Prediction
11.7 Assumptions
12. Proportions
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Significance test for a single proportion
12.3 Confidence interval for a single proportion
12.4 Significance test for comparing two proportions
12.5 Confidence interval for different between two proportions
13.1 Introduction
13.2 2x2 contingency table
13.3 Continuity correction
13.4 Comparison with normal test
13.5 Validity
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13.6 Quick formula
13.7 Short formula for 2xc tables
13.8 Exact test for 2x2 tables
13.9 Comparison of two proportions - paired-case
13.9.1 McNemar,s chi-squared test validity
13.9.2 Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test
13.9.3 Validly
13.9.4 Chi-squared for trend
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Wilcoxon Signed rank test
14.3 Wilcoxon rank sum test
14.4 Spearman’s rank correlation
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Birth and Death rates
15.3 Measuring mortality in a research study
15.4 Measures of morbidity
15.5 Prevalence, Incidence
15.6 Relative Risk
16 Sources of Error
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Selection Bias
16.3 Confounding bias
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16.4 Information Bias
16.5 Sensitivity and specificity (screening test)
16.6 Relations Ship between sensitivity and specificity
What is research
Why we need research
Advantages of doing research
Identification of research needs
Selection of topic
Formulation of objectives
Work plan
Budgeting
Literature research
18. Epidemiology
Introduction
Cohort studies
Relative risk
Attributable risk
Incidence rate, incidence risk and odds ratio
Case-control studies
Matched designs
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19.1 Introduction
19.2 Simple random sampling
19.3 Systematic Sampling
19.4 Stratified Sampling
19.5 Multistage Sampling
19.6 Cluster Sampling
19.7 Sampling and non Sampling error
1.
2.
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Module Name:
PHYSICS
Module No: 02
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: ____03 Week________ Hrs. __________ Credit. _________Learning
Objectives
Contents
1. Introduction to physics
6. Biomedical measurements:
7. Physics in Medicines:
38
11. Atomic Physics
12. Electricity
13. Optics:
16. Mechanics
1.
2.
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MATERIALS & BIOMATERIALS
Module No: __15___ Year No. _1___
Module Title: _ Materials & Biomaterials _
Learning Objectives
Contents
1. Biomaterials
5. Material
6. Materials science
7. Materials engineering
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10. Soft tissue biomaterials
1.
2.
Learning Objectives
Contents
1. Introduction to Bio-Mechanics
2. Basic Biomechanics (Planes)
3. Basic Bio-Mechanics (Anatomical Positions)
4. Basic of Biomechanics
5. Biomechanics of bones (Musculo-Skeleton System)
6. Joints and their classification
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7. Muscles and Muscle Action
8. Lever
9. Manual Muscle Testing (MMT)
10. Viscoelasticity
11. Anatomy, Muscles and Biomechanics of Shoulder Joint, Elbow Joint, wrist and hand, hip
joint, knee joint, ankle and foot, thoracic cage and spine, c-spine, c-spine, lumber vertebra,
temporo-mandibular joint.
12. Diet and obesity control speech therapy.
1.
2.
Module Name:
Learning Objectives
Contents
42
1. To know the basic of computer
2. How to operate the computer
3. To make Word files
4. To make power point presentation
5. How to make internet connection
6. How to send email
7. How to get any reference from different websites
8. How to enter data for research
1.
2.
43
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Module No: __18___ Year No. _1___ Semester ___II__
Module Title: Biotechnology
Learning Objectives
Contents
Definition of Chromosome
Types of Chromosome, Telocentric, Acrocentric, Metacentric and submetacentric
Karyotype
Double Helical structure of DNA
Chromosomal theory of Inheritance
DNA as a Heridity material
Transformation principle
Chemical basis of DNA
Francis Crick model of DNA
Mycal McCarty experiment
DNA replication
Transformation and Transcription
One gene-One enzyme Hypothesis
Gene Mutation and Point Mutation
44
2. Cell cycle
Definition of gene, Allele, Genotype, Phenotype, Locus, Gene pool, Molecular genetics,
Biochemical Genetics and Clinical Genetics
Dominance relations
X-linked and Y-linked Traits and inheritance
Mutations
Gene Mutation and Point Mutation
One gene-One enzyme Hypothesis
4. Biotechnology
Definition of Biotechnology
How to obtain a gene of interest
Restriction Enzyme Endonucleases
Recombinant DNA technology, Principle and usages
Plasmids as a vector
Genomic library
Transgenic Bacteria, Plants and Animals
Cloning of gene and the entire Animal
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Gene sequencing
Gene therapy
45
Human genome project
1.
2.
46
PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Module No: __19___ Year No. _1___ Semester ___II__
Module Title: Principles of Civil Engineering
Module Incharge ________________________ ___
Duration Wks____02 Week________ Hrs. ___80_________ Credit. ____5_____
Learning Objectives
Contents
1. Mechanics of Materials
Mechanics of material gives the student basic tools for stress, strains and deflections produce by
applied load. To predict failures and understand the physical properties of materials.
2. Engineering Mechanics
To study the effect of forces and moments acting on rigid bodies, that either at rest or moving
with constant velocity along a straight path.
3. Fluid Mechanics
The course in fluid mechanics that involves the study of fluid flow. The fundamental aspects of
fluid motion, fluid properties, flow regimes, pressure variation fluid kinematics.
4. Thermodynamics
47
To give the basics/fundamentals of thermodynamic properties of substance along with laws of
thermodynamics.
5. Instrumentation
1.
2.
Contents
48
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
49
Learning Objectives
To get basic knowledge of Islam and its implementation in practical work in
medical sciences
To know the ethics of Islam regarding human health
Contents
1.
50
2.
51
YEAR 2 Semester III
APPLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES
52
Module Name:
Learning objectives:
Contents
1.
2.
Module Name:
53
• Difference between right and left lung and blood supply of the lungs
• Mediastinum and its contents draw and label
• Pericardium and structures of the heart (with labeled diagram)
• Blood supply of the heart (Draw and label)
• Formation of the superior Vena Cava with Labeled diagram
• Thoracic aorta & its major branches (Draw and label)
• Esophagus & Thoracic Cavity (Their course in the Chest Cavity)
• Skeleton of the upper limb, name of the bones with labeled diagram
• Structures of the breast, its extent, blood supply and lymphatic drainage
• Axilla, boundaries and its contents
• Shoulder joint (Draw and Label the structures) + Radiograph
• Brachial Plexus and Nerve Supply to the Arm
• Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
• Muscles of scapular/pectoral region and their actions
• Muscular compartment of the arm
• Nerve supply of the for arm and the hand
• Spaces of the hands
1.
2.
54
Module Name:
Learning objectives:
Contents
Draw and label the cranial and facial bones
Meninges, Dura, pia and Arachnoid matter of brain
Draw and label the major parts of brain and their blood supply of the brain
Cranial Nerves
Draw and label the structures of external, middle and inner ear
Bones of neck the cervical vertebrae and hyoid bone and muscles of neck (only label)
Blood supply of the head and neck
Teeth and Tongue
Salivary Glands
Pharynx larynx and trachea
Nose
Thyroid and parathyroid Gland
1.
2.
55
Module Name:
56
Regulation of Cardiac output and venous return
Cardia failure
Circulatory shock and its treatment
1.
2.
57
Module Name:
Learning objectives:
Contents
Respiration
o Overview of Respiration
o Pulmonary ventilation
o Overview of Pulmonary Circulation, Pulmonary Edema and pleura fluid
o Exchange of CO2 and O2 through the respiratory membrane
o Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood and tissue fluid
o Regulation of respiratory
o Respiratory insufficiency
Gastrointestinal tract
o General principles of Gastrointestinal Function
Motility
Nervous control
Blood circulation
o Propulsion and missing of food in Alimentary tract
o Digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract
o Gastrointestinal disorders
58
1.
2.
Module Name:
ENDOCRINOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY
Module No: 05
Year No: 02
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 02 Contact Hrs: 80 Credit: 3.0
Learning objectives:
Contents
Endocrinology
o Introduction to Endocrinology
o Pituitary Hormones and their control by the Hypothalamus
o Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
calcium and phosphate metabolism
vitamin D
o Thyroid Metabolic Hormones
o Adrenocortical hormones
o Insulin, glucagon and Diabetes mellitus
1.
2.
59
Module Name:
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
60
o Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory drugs
o Acetaminophen
o Disease modifying antirheumatic agents
o Autocoids and autacoid angtagonists
Histamin H2 receptor blockers
Drugs used to treat migrain
1.
2.
61
Module Name:
objectives:
Contents
62
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
63
Module Name:
objectives:
Contents
1.
64
2.
65
Module Name:
DISEASES OF GIT
Module No: 02
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: ____03 Week________ Hrs. __________ Credit. _________
Learning objectives:
Contents
66
1.
2.
67
YEAR 2 SEMESTER IV
APPLIED ENGINEERING SCIENCES
68
Module Name:
BASIC MICROBIOLOGY
Module No: 11
Year No: 02
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 02 Contact Hrs: 80 Credit: 3.0
Learning Objectives
Contents
Introduction to Microorganisms Nutritional Requirements
Brief History of Microbiology Oxygen Requirement
Anton Van Leeuwen hoek Pathogenicity
Francesco Redi Metabolisms
John Needham Proteins
Lazzaro Spallanzani Genetics
Louis Pasture Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Edwrad Jenner Eukaryotes
Ignas Semmelweis Prokaryotes
Golden Age of Microbiology Genetics and the Classification of
Joseph Lister Microorganisms
Robert Koch Tests for Identifying Microbes
Hans Gram Morphology
Chemotheraputic Agents Staining
Nomenclature of microbiology Serology
Introduction of Microscope Amino Acid Sequencing
Units of Measure Phage Typing
Types of Microscope Flow Cytometry
Staining Methods Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Preparing for Staining Numerical Taxonomy
Simple Stain Genetics of Microorganisms
Simple Stain Mutations
Differential Stain Methods of Mutations
Culture Mediums Mutagens
Enriched Media Bacterial Genetic Exchange
Selective Media Microbial Life and Growth
Differential Media Requirements of Viability of
Reducing Media Microorganisms
Introduction to cells and cells Physical Requirements
structures Chemical Requirements
Bacteria Microbial Growth
Morphology Generation Time
Growth Logarithmic Graphing of Growth
Motility Phases of Bacterial Growth
69
Bacterial Count in the Laboratory Pathogenicity of Virus
Infectious Diseases Processed Methods of Entry
Introduction to Pathogens Cytopathic Effects of Viral
Epidemiology Infection
Endemic Nonspecific Host Defenses
Epidemic Skin
Pandemic Mucous Membranes
Reservoirs of Pathogens Phagocytes
Methods of Transmission Complement system
Portals of Entry Inflammation
Contributing Factors to Bacterial Fever
Invasion Human Microbe Relationship
Enzyme Symbiosis
Bacterial Capsules Mutualisms
Cell Wall Chemical Substances Commensalisms
Methods Pathogen Use to Damage Parasitism
Host Cells Pathogenic Relationship
Direct Damage Non Pathognic Relationship
Toxins
1.
2.
1
Module Name:
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
Module No: 12
Year No: 02
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 02 Contact Hrs: 80 Credit: 3.0
Learning objectives:
Contents
2
o Bacteriophages o Paramyxo viruses
Latent Infections o Influenza A
Vaccination Hepatitis Viruses
Implication for the Surgical o Hepatitis A Virus
Technologist o Hepatitis B Virus
o Most Significant Virus o Hepatitis C Virus
Herpes viruses o Hepatitis E Virus
o Herpes simplex virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus
a-Zoster Virus Emerging Viral Infection
o Cytomegalovirus Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
o Human Herpes Virus 6 and 7 o Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Enteroviruses o Dangue (Hemorrhagic) Fever
o Poliovirus o Lassa fever
o Coxsackie virus Implication for the Surgical
Respiratory Viruses Technologist
1.
2.
2
Module Name:
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Module No: 13
Year No: 02
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 02 Contact Hrs: 80 Credit: 3.0
Learning objectives:
Contents
Part I
Health care associated infections and Antimicrobial resistance: Infections that patient
acquire during the course of receiving treatment for other conditions within a healthcare setting
like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections, Infections caused by Clostriduium
difficle, Vancomycin resistant enterococci etc. Catheter related blood stream infections,
Ventilator associated pneumonia, Catheter Related urinary tract infections, Surveillance of
emerging resistance and changing flora. The impact and cost attributed to Hospital Associated
infections.
Part II
Disease communicable to Healthcare workers in hospital set up and its preventive
measure: Occupationally acquired infections in healthcare professionals by respiratory route (
tuberculosis, varicella-zoster, respiratory synctial virus etc ), blood borne transmission ( HIV,
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Cytomegalovirus, Ebola virus etc), oro faecal route ( Salmonella,
Hepatitis A etc), direct contact ( Herpes Simplex Virus etc). Preventive measures to combat the
spread of these infections by monitoring and control.
Part III
Microbiological surveillance and sampling: Required to determine the frequency of
potential bacterial pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and
Moraxella catarrhalis and to assess the antimicrobial resistance. Sampling: rinse technique,
direct surface agar plating technique.
1.
2.
1
Module Name:
SURGICAL EQUIPMENT’S
Module No: 14
Year No: 02
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 02 Contact Hrs: 80 Credit: 3.0
Learning objectives:
This module will covers
Components of Operating Room Attire and their Significance
Operating Room Furniture their use and troubleshooting
Types of endoscopic Equipment’s, their handling and care
Application of laser in the surgery
Contents
Common Equipment and Furniture o Essential of Endoscopic
o Operating Room Attire Surgery
o Operating Room Table and o Video Towers
its accessories o Endoscopic Cameras
o Operating Room Furniture o Rigid Scope Components
o Electrosurgical Units (ESU) o Cystoscopy/Ureteroscopy
Diathermy Equipment
o Hormonic Scalpel o Rigid ENT/Thoracic
o Plasma Knife Scopes
o Pneumatic Tourniquet o Arthroscopy Equipment
o Autotransfusion o Flexible Endoscopes
o Patient Positioning Lasers
Equipment’s o Types of Laser
o Miscellaneous Equipment o Other Types of Lasers
Endoscopic Equipment o Laser Safety
Outcomes
At the completion of this module the learner will be competent enough to
Clearly Identify operating room attire and their use
Understand and identify and appropriate use of the operating room furniture
Sort out the surgical equipment timely manner for the surgical procedure
Troubleshoot the common faults in the equipment
2
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
1
Module Name:
1.
2.
2
Module Name:
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Module No: 16
Year No: 02
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 02 Contact Hrs: 80 Credit: 3.0
Learning objectives:
Describe the characteristics of the Tissue
Identify Classifications of instruments
Differentiate types of instruments by their functions
Identify different types of finishes on Surgical instruments
Describe the care and handling of instruments
Describe several methods of learning about instruments
Develop a personal plan for learning instruments
Contents
1.
2.
2
Module Name:
1
o Difference b/w asepsis and sterile Technique
o Transmission of Microorganisms
o Human-borne Sources of Transmission
Skin
Hair
Nasopharynx
Human Error
Cross-Infection
o Non-Human Factors in Contamination
Fomites
Air
o Risk for the Surgical Site Infection
Criteria for Defining SSI
Physiologic Risks for Surgical Site Infection
o Activities that Promote Asepsis
o A septic Technique and Environmental Controls
Environmental Services/Housekeeping
Control of Air born Contamination
Air-Conditioning System
Laminar Air System
Doors
Traffic and Movement
Lint
Isolation Precautions
o Standard Precautions
o Application of Sterile Technique
Levels of Sterility and Disinfection
Critical
Semi-Critical
Non-Critical
o Principles of Sterile Technique
Only Sterile Items are Used Within the Sterile Field
Sterile Personnel are Gowned and Gloved
Tables are Sterile only at table level
Sterile Personnel’s /Sterile Items
Unsterile Personnel’s/ Sterile field
The Edges of anything that Encloses Sterile Contents are Considered
Unsterile
The Sterile Field is created as close as Possible to the Time of Use
Sterile Areas are Continuously Kept in view
2
Sterile Personnel Keep Well Within the Sterile Area
Sterile Peronnel Keep Contact with Sterile Areas to a Minimum
Destruction of the Integrity of Microbial Barriers Results in
Contamination
Microorganisms Must be Kept to an Irreducible Minimum
Appropriate Attire, Surgical Hand Cleansing, Gowning and Gloving
o Historical Background
o Appropriate Operating Room Attire
Definition
Purpose
Considerations
Components of Appropriate Attire
Body Cover
Head Cover
Shoe Covers
Masks
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment
o Aprons
o Eyewear
o Gloves
Surgical Gowns
Surgical Gloves
Criteria for Surgical Attire
Standards for Personal Hygiene and Attire
Surgical Hand and Skin Cleansing
o Microbiology of the Skin
o Purpose of Surgical Hand and Skin Cleansing
o Scrub Sink
o Equipment
o Antimicrobial Skin Cleansing Agents
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Iodophors
Triclosan
Alcohol
Hexachlorophene
Parachlorometaxylenol
o Preparation of Surgical Hand Cleansing
o Opening the gown and Gloves
o Preparations Immediately Before Surgical Hand Cleansing
o Surgical Hand and Arm Scrub with a Brush
3
o Agents Used for the Hand Washing
o When to Hand wash
o Hand washing Technique
o Surgical Scrub and Scrubbing Technique
o Brushless/Waterless Surgical Hand Cleansing
Gowning and Gloving
o Purpose
o General Considerations
o Drying the Hands and Arms
o Gowning and Gloving Techniques
Gowning
Open and Closed Gloving Techniques
Assisted Gowning and Gloving of a Team Member
Removing or Changing Contaminated Gown and Gloves
Managing Contaminated Gloves or Objects During the Surgical Procedure
Practice of Aseptic Technique
o When to Open the Sterile Items
o Opening Large Packs onto a Table
o Opening Instrument Trays
o Delivering Sterile Goods and Solutions during Surgery
o Opening the Peel Pouches
o Opening the Basins
o Opening Small Items
o Distributing Solutions
Case Studies
1.
2.
4
Module Name:
5
o Quarternay Ammonium Compounds
o Heavy Metals derivatives
Mechanism of action merits and demerits of selected disinfectants
Selection and Use of Chemical Disinfectants
Precautions and Hazards
Disinfection of the Operating Room
1.
2.
6
Module Name:
7
Testing of Autoclaves by Physical, Chemical and Biological Methods
Applications of Autoclaves
Validation and Control of Steam Sterilization
Some Autoclave Problems
o Dry Heat Sterilization
Effects of Dry Heat on Microorganisms and Bacterial Endotoxins
Application of Dry Heat Sterilization
Hot Air Oven
Advantages & Disadvantages
Types of Dry Heat Sterilizers
Preparing Items for Dry Heat Sterilization
Oils
Talc
Packaging materials for Dry Heat Sterilization
Loading the Sterilizer
Timing the Load
Biologic Testing of the Dry Heat Sterilizer.
Validation and Routine Control of Dry Heat Sterilization
o Pasteurization and its Steps
o Filtration
Membrane Filters
HEPA Filters (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter)
o Cold
o Desiccation
o Osmotic Pressure
Radiation Sterilization
o Radiation and Radioactivity
o Effect of Radiation on Microorganisms
o Microwave Sterilization
o Gamma Ray
o Beta Particle Sterilization
o Ultraviolet Radiation
o Sterilization by Radiation
Effectiveness of Sterilization by radiation
Mechanism of action
Biological Testing of Sterilization by radiation
Merits and demerits of radiation sterilization
8
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
9
Module Name:
10
o Rotation of Supplies
Custom Packs
Case Cart System
Current Issues in Sterilization and Disinfection
Re-Processing of Single Use Items
Prevention of Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Recommendations for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities
Occupational health and Exposure
Cleaning of Patient-Care Devices
Indications for Sterilization, High-Level Disinfection, and Low-Level Disinfection
Selection and Use of Low-Level Disinfectants for Noncritical patient-Care Devices
Cleaning and Disinfecting Environmental Surfaces in Health Care Facilities
High Level Disinfection of Endoscope
Monitoring of Sterilizers
Storage of Sterile Items
Quality Control
Case Studies
1.
2.
11
YEAR 3
12
Module Name:
Learning objectives:
In this module students will
Gain Understanding of the development of the surgical technology
Understand the role and responsibilities of the ORPs (Operating Room Personnel’s)
Be acknowledged about differences between delgation an assignment
Be provided with the concept of patient centered care and Maslow’s hierarchy of patient Needs
Knew the importance of specific needs of the surgical patients
Understand role of culture and therapeutic communication in appropriate patient care
Learn role of law and hospital policies in patient care
Learn about the importance of documentation in the health care settings
Also gain knowledge about the ethics and their conflicts
Gain an idea how hospital administration and Organization works and roles of
Contents
13
Burns Who can sign the consent
Improper Positioning form
Patient Identity and Witness the consent signing
Operative Site Incident report
Specimen Handling Advance directive
Medications Do not Resuscitate
Abandonment Organ Donation
Failure to Communicate Living Will
Loss of Patient Property Medical Power of Attornety
o Intentional Torts o Ethics
Invasion of Privacy o Combined Ethical and Legal
Defamation Cooncerns
Civil Assult o Ethical Dilemmas
Civil Battery Hospital Administration and Organization
False Imprisonment o Health Care facilities
o Criminal Liability o Hospital Administration
Actions Exceeding Scope of Mission Statement
Practice Organization of Professional
Theft Chain of Command
o Need for Legal Representation Organizational Chart
Subpoena Hospital Management
Summons Hospital Policy
Judgment Hospital Accreditation
o Documentation Hospital Ancillary Services
Operative Report and Departments
Informed Consent form Operating Room Personnel’s
1.
2.
1
Module Name:
Contents
Introduction to terminology o Criticism
Reason for studying communication o Coping with criticism
Elements of Communication Team work
Verbal communication o Qualities of a good teamwork
o Guidance for Verbal o Discussion of conflicts
Communication o Yielding
Non-verbal Communication o Acceptance of change
o Touch o Politeness
o Silence and Stillness o Collaboration
o Listening Team problems
Qualities of good communication o Conflicts between team
Cross cultural differences among members
major ethnic Groups o Conflicts between Team
Problem Behavior Goals and Personal Goals
o Verbal Abuse o Conflicting Priorities
o Cause of Verbal Abuse o Role Confusion
o Coping with the Verbal Surgical Ethics
Abuse o Introduction
o Complaining o Respect for autonomy
o Coping with people who o Research
complains o Maintaining standards of
o Gossip and Rumors Excellence
o Coping with Gossips and
Rumors
1
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
0
Module Name:
1
Establishing the Establishing the
sitting position kidney position
Verities of lithotomies Physiology of the
position decubitus position
Physiology of the o Prone position
lithotomy position Verities of prone
Complications position
o Head elevated positions Support devices for
Sitting position the prone position
Physiologic changes Establishing the prone
associated with the position
sitting position Physiology of prone
Establishing the position
sitting position Potential
Complications complications
o Head down tilt o Special considerations
Surgical values of Positioning the
head down tilt extremities
position Positioning the head
Establishing head nad neck
down tilt position Patient categories
Complication of head o Pathologic Obesity
down tilt position o Pediatrics
o Lateral decubitus position o Obstetrics
and its modifications o Geriatrics
Estabilishing the Potential complications
lateral decubitus
position
1.
2.
1
Module Name:
1
o Specimen types and consideration for handling
o Tissue preservation
o Genetic studies
o Nonfixed specimens
o Microbiology
o Culture and sensitivity
o Cytology
Biopsy
o Smear
o Aspiration biopsy
o Percutaneous
o Punch
o Incisional biopsy
o Frozen section
o Permanent section
1.
2.
2
Module Name:
ECG
Ultrasound Studies
o Dopler studies
Radiographic Studies
Radiation Safety
o Time
o Distance
o Shielding
o Radiation Monitoring
Radiology and the Sterile Field
Conventional Standards X-Ray
o AP and PA film
Contrast enhanced studies and their uses
o Barium Sulphate
o Other Water soluble agents
o Ionic and ionic contrast agents
o Cholengiogram
o Pyelogram
o Angiography
Fluoroscopy
CT Scan
MRI
1.
2.
3
Module Name:
PRE-OPERATIVE CARE
Module No: 06
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 03 Contact Hrs: 120 Credit: 4.5
Learning objectives:
Tasks involved in preparing a patient for Theatre
The common problems affecting a Patient’s fitness for Operation
Optimization of patient’s medical state prior to anesthesia/Surgery
Informed consent
Organization of the Operation list
Contents
Preoperative Preparation
o Patient Assessment
Introduction
History
Layout of Standard History
Examination
Investigations
Management
o Specific Preoperative Problems
Cardiovascular Diseases
Respiratory Diseases
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Genitourinary Disease
Metabolic disorders
Coagulation Disorders
Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
Locomotor Disorders
Remote Site Infection
o Documentation
o Obtaining the Consent
Multi professional Team Involvement
1.
2.
4
Module Name:
5
When and how and what is Blunt
counted Retraction
Documentation of the count Prevention of intraoperative
o Lost and retrained items tissue trauma
How items are lost Hemostasis
How to search for a lost item o Wound Drains
o Maintaining the surgical field o Wound Dressing
Keeping an orderly surgical field Handling and caring of the specimen
Maintaining adequate light o Responsibility for Specimen
Handling and maintaining of o Care of Specimens
sponges o Types of specimens
Passing and handling of the Tissue
Surgical instruments Fluid
o Care and handling of the body Stone
tissues during the surgery Foreign Bodies
Rough and excessive handling of Amputations
the tissues Specimens for Culture
Tissue Dehydration
Dissection
Sharp
1.
2.
1
Module Name:
2
Basic Clinical assessment
Invasive Arterial Pressure monitoring
CVP
ABGs Analysis
Cardiac Output monitoring
o General Aspects of Critical Care
o Postoperative Respiratory management
Mechanical Ventilation
Non-Invasive Ventilation
o Postoperative Cardiovascular management
General approach to treatment of circulatory shock
Specific measures for the treatment of circulatory shock
o Care of Surgical tubes and drains
o Specific management strategies for the High-Risk Surgical patient
1.
2.
3
Module Name:
Contents
Introduction to Trauma and initial assessment
Basic life support
Advance trauma life support
Shock and Blood transfusion
Abdominal trauma and its management
Thoracic trauma
Pain management
Burns and their management
Genitourinary Trauma
Blast injuries
Wound management in emergency settings
Pediatric trauma
Spinal injuries
1.
4
Module Name:
CLINICAL SURGERY I
Module No: 10
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 03 Contact Hrs: 120 Credit: 4.5
Learning objectives:
At the end of this module, the students will be able to
Thoroughly understand the anatomical, physiological, pathological processes involved in
specific surgical diseases, including the relationships between the condition, and the
overall health status of the patient.
Predict the appropriate surgical setups required in the Operating Room
Able to check diagnosis on charts and before the surgical procedure it is used in the
checklist to ensure the identity of the patient and required investigations
Contents
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
The thyroid and parathyroid glands
Adrenal gland and other endocrine disorders
The Breast
Arterial disorders
Venous disorders
Hernias, umbilicus and abdominal wall
The peritoneum, omentum, mesentery and retroperitoneal space
Stomach and duodenum
The liver
The Spleen
The gall bladder and bile ducts
The pancreas
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
5
2.
6
Module Name:
CLINICAL SURGERY II
Module No: 11
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 03 Contact Hrs: 120 Credit: 4.5
Learning objectives:
At the end of this module, the students will be able to
Thoroughly understand the anatomical, physiological, pathological processes involved in
specific surgical diseases, including the relationships between the condition, and the
overall health status of the patient.
Predict the appropriate surgical setups required in the Operating Room
Able to check diagnosis on charts and before the surgical procedure it is used in the
checklist to ensure the identity of the patient and required investigations
Contents
The small and large intestine
Intestinal obstruction
The vermiform appendix
The rectum
The anus and anal canal
Urinary symptoms and investigations
Adrenal gland and other endocrine disorders
The kidney and ureter
The urinary bladder
The prostate and seminal vesicles
Urethra and penis
Testis and scrotum
1.
7
2.
8
Module Name:
SURGICAL PROCEDURES I
Module No: 12
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 03 Contact Hrs: 120 Credit: 4.5
Learning objectives:
In this module the students will be taught
Review of the relevant anatomy
Common surgical incisions used in general surgery
Methods for Preparing the patient for the abdominal procedures
Steps of the surgical procedure
Equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the procedures
Maintaining of aseptic technique during the surgical procedure
Contents
Contents
Surface anatomy of the abdomen
Incisions
o Midline
o Upper Paramedian
o Subcostal
o McBurney
o Inguinal
Abdomino Perineal Resection
Appendectomy: Open or Laproscopic
Breast Biopsy
Chest intubation
Cholecystectomy: Open or Laproscopic
Colon Resection
Coleostomy
Common Bile Duct Exploration
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Draining Pancreatic Cyst
Excision and Biopsy
Esophagectomy
9
Esophagogastrectomy
Excision of Pilonidal Cyst
Fundoplication
Femoral Hernia
Fistulotomy/Fistulectomy
Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this module, the students will be able to
Identify equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the surgical procedure
Assist safely as an effective member of surgical team
Provide intraoperative care to the patient
Drape the patients according the desired surgical procedure
May solve the encountered problems regarding the equipment by relating previous
knowledge of surgical equipment’s.
Important Note: All these procedures are taught according the following format
Definition of the procedure
Goal of the procedure
Pathology
Discussion (Instruments, equipments and supplies needed)
Surgical Procedure Steps including skin preparation and draping
1.
2.
10
Module Name:
SURGICAL PROCEDURES II
Module No: 13
Year No: 03
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 03 Contact Hrs: 120 Credit: 4.5
Learning objectives:
In this module the students will be taught
Review of the relevant anatomy
Common surgical incisions used in general surgery
Methods for Preparing the patient for the abdominal procedures
Steps of the surgical procedure
Equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the procedures
Maintaining of aseptic technique during the surgical procedure
Contents
Gastrectomy
Gastroduodenostomy
Gastrojejunostomy
Gastrostomy
Hemorrhoidectomy
Iliostomy
Incision and Drainage
Incision Biopsy
Incisional Hernia
Inguinal Hernia: Herniotomy and Hernioraphy
Jejinostomy
Laprotomy
Liver Biopsy
Liver Resection
Mastectomy
o Parathyroidectomy
Right Hemi colectomy
Small Bowel Resection
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Splenectomy
Thyroidectomy
Tracheostomy
Umbilical Hernia
Vascular Access Procedures
Vein Ligation & Stripping
Whipple’s Operation
Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this module, the students will be able to
Identify equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the surgical procedure
Assist safely as an effective member of surgical team
Provide intraoperative care to the patient
Drape the patients according the desired surgical procedure
May solve the encountered problems regarding the equipment by relating previous
knowledge of surgical equipment’s.
Important Note: All these procedures are taught according the following format
Definition of the procedure
Goal of the procedure
Pathology
Discussion (Instruments, equipment and supplies needed)
Surgical Procedure Steps including skin preparation and draping
1.
2.
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YEAR 4
1
Module Name:
Contents
Anaesthesia techniques Core of Anaesthetized patient
Historical background Local & regional anaesthesia
Types of Anaesthesia Spinal and epidural anaesthesia
Choice of Anaesthesia Intravenous anaesthesia agents
General Anaesthesia Inhalational anaesthetic agents
Indication of general anaesthesia Anaesthetic Adjuvant drugs
Endotracheal intubation Complication of general anaesthesia
Maintenance Complication of local/regional
Monitoring anaesthesia
Emergency Blood transfusion
Balanced Anaesthesia Difficult Intubation
2
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
1
Module Name:
ANESTHESIA EQUIPMENT’S
Module No: 02
Year No: 04
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 03 Contact Hrs: 120 Credit: 4.5
Learning Objectives:
Contents
Gas supply and distribution systems o Supraglottic Airway devices
o Medical gas cylinders and o Laryngoscopes
containers o Tracheal tubes and associated
o Medical gas pipeline system equipment
o Suction equipment o Lung isolation devices
o Oxygen concentrate o Devices for managing the difficult
Anesthesia machine and breathing airway
system Monitoring devices
o The anesthesia machine o Gas monitoring
o Vaporizers o Airway Volumes, Flows, and
o The breathing system: General Pressures
principles, common components o Pulse Oximetry
and classifications o Neuromuscular Transmission
o Mapleson Breathing system Monitoring
o The Circle system o Alarm Devices
o Manual resuscitators o Noninvasive Blood Pressure
o Humidification Equipment Monitor
o Anesthesia ventilators o Temperature Monitoring
o Controlling Trace Gas levels Equipment Care
o Hazards of Anesthesia Machine o Equipment Checkout and
and Breathing System Maintenance
Air way equipment’s o Cleaning and Sterilization
o Face masks and airways
2
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
0
Module Name:
Contents
1
1.
2.
1
CENTRAL STERILE SUPPLY DEPARTMENT
Module No: 04
Year No: 04
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 04 Contact Hrs: 120 Credit: 4.5
Learning Objectives
Student will gain an understanding of decontaminating soiled instrument and supplies
Students will study the preparation of instruments for terminal sterilization
Teaching of inspection and testing of instrument and supplies
Students will be taught different type of materials used for wrapping the instrument and supplies
Contents
Cleaning and dusting o Microsurgical instruments
o Methods of cleaning instrument set assembly
o Composition of dust o Weight distribution
Decontamination of soiled instruments o Hinges open
and supplies o Lumens horizontal
o manual cleaning o Preventing damage
o remove gross debris Select and utilize proper wrapping
o agents used for cleansing materials, peel pouches, and instrument
o rinsing cases/carriers
o loading into trays/carriers o muslin/cotton/polypropylene
o washer-sterilizer o paper
o arrangement of instruments on o paper/plastic pouches
trays o sterilization cases
Ultrasonic cleaning sealing methods
o Indications o process tape
o cavitation o heat seal
o Implosion o adhesive seal
o Arrangement of instruments o sterilization case locking
Instrument preparation for sterilization devices
o Lubrication Select and utilize appropriate
o Water soluble sterilization process monitors
o Steam penetrable o internal chemical monitors
o Antimicrobials o process-sensitive tape
inspection and testing Label instruments accurately
o Check hinged instruments for o contents
stiffness o initial of processor
o Ratchet teeth o department
o Test forceps for proper o date and lot number of
alignment sterilization
o Test scissors and sharps Select appropriate methods/agents for
o Demagnetize sterilization
2
o thermal Ionizing radiation
steam under pressure cold/chemical
gravity displacement o activated glutaraldehyde
pre-vacuum o Peracetic/acetic acid
“flash” o hydrogen peroxide plasma
o dry heat Work collaboratively with health care
o vapor team members
EO/EtO-ethylene oxide Management of CSSD
Desired Outcome:
The students will able to identify and demonstrate the packaging of different types of instruments
for sterilization
The student will demonstrate skills necessary in care and handling, processing, and sterilization
of instrumentation in the Central Supply Department.
They will be able to work effectively in Central Sterile Supply/ Processing Department
3.
4.
Module Name:
Learning Objectives:
Contents
Physical Facilities
o Historical background
o Physical Layout of the surgical suit
o Transition zones
o Peripheral Support areas
1
o Operating room
o Special procedure rooms
Ambulatory Surgery centers
o Ambulatory Surgical Settings
o Alternative Sites where surgery is performed
Care of the perioperative Environment
o Standards of Cleanliness in Surgical Environment
o Classification of Operating room on the basis of no. of microbes present in
environment
o Care of Operating room Environment
Potential Sources of Injury to the care giver and the patient
o Environmental Hazards and safeguards
o Chemical hazards and safeguards
o Biologic Hazards and safeguards
1
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
2
Module Name:
OPHTHALMIC SURGERY
Module No: 06
Year No: 04
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 06 Contact Hrs: 240 Credit: 09
Learning Objectives:
Learning Objectives
In this module the students will be taught
Review of the relevant anatomy
Methods for Preparing the patient for the abdominal procedures
Assisting in various Eye surgical procedures
Equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the procedures and their
troubleshooting
Maintaining of aseptic technique during the surgical procedure
Processing and sterilization of eye instruments
Contents
Review of Anatomy of Eye
Care of the Ophthalmic Patient
Positioning the Ophthalmic patient
Prepping and Draping the Patient
Instruments identification their use, care and sterilization
Equipment’s and Supplies
Commonly performed eye procedures (definitions, Goal of the procedure, Discussion
including instrument, equipment and supplies needed and procedure steps)
Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this module, the students will be able to
Practice safe procedures assisting and techniques in eye surgery as circulator and Scrub
Surgical technologist
Sort out the Supplies needed for the required procedures
Explain how to prepare microscope for use and care for it properly
Name and recognize commonly used eye instruments
Sterilize and processing of equipment and supplies
Differentiate the types of ophthalmic drugs and their uses.
Operation Theater Management
3
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
4
Module Name:
ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
Module No: 07
Year No: 04
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 06 Contact Hrs: 240 Credit: 9
Learning Objectives:
In this module the students will be taught
Review of the relevant anatomy
Methods for Preparing the patient for the Orthopadic Procedures
Assisting in various type of orthopedic procedures
Equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the procedures and their troubleshooting
Maintaining of aseptic technique during the surgical procedure
Processing and sterilization of eye instruments
Work flow in the Orthopedic Operation Theatre
Contents
Review of Anatomy of muscle the bones and their function
Care of the Orthopedic Patient
Positioning the patient
Prepping and Draping the Patient
Instruments identification their use, care and sterilization
Equipment’s and Supplies
Types of diagnostic tests and laboratory tests used preoperatively in the Orthopedic patient
Commonly performed procedures (definitions, Goal of the procedure, Discussion including
instrument, equipment and supplies needed and procedure steps)
Management of the theatre work
Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this module, the students will be able to
Practice safe procedures assisting and techniques in Orthopedic surgery as circulator and Scrub
Surgical technologist
5
Sort out the Supplies needed for the required procedures
Explain how to prepare arthroscope for use and care for it properly
Name and recognize commonly used eye instruments
Sterilize and processing of equipment and supplies
Management of Orthopaedic Operation Theatre
6
Module Name:
GENITOURINARY SURGERY
Module No: 08
Year No: 04
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 06 Contact Hrs: 240 Credit: 9
Learning Objectives:
In this module the students will be taught
Review of the relevant anatomy
Methods for Preparing the patient for the Urologic Procedures
Assisting in various type of Urologic procedures
Equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the procedures and their troubleshooting
Maintaining of aseptic technique during the surgical procedure
Processing and sterilization of urology instruments
Work flow in the Urology Operation Theatre
Contents
Review of Anatomy of Genitourinary system
Care of the Urology Patient
Positioning the patient
Prepping and Draping the Patient
Instruments identification their use, care and sterilization
Equipment’s and Supplies
Types of diagnostic tests and laboratory tests used preoperatively in the urologic patient
Commonly performed procedures (definitions, Goal of the procedure, Discussion including
instrument, equipment and supplies needed and procedure steps)
Management of the theatre work
Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this module the students will be able to
7
Practice safe procedures assisting and techniques in Urologic Surgery as circulator and Scrub
Surgical technologist
Sort out the Supplies needed for the required procedures
Name and recognize commonly used eye instruments
Sterilize and processing of equipment and supplies
Management of the Urology Theatre
Sr. No. List of Learning Resources for the Module
1.
2.
Module Name:
PAEDIATRIC SURGERY
Module No: 09
Year No: 04
Module Incharge:
Duration Weeks: 06 Contact Hrs: 240 Credit: 09
Learning Objectives:
In this module the students will be taught
Review of the relevant anatomy
Methods for Preparing the patient for the Orthopadic Procedures
Assisting in various type of orthopedic procedures
Equipment’s, instruments and supplies needed for the procedures and their
troubleshooting
Maintaining of aseptic technique during the surgical procedure
Processing and sterilization of Pediatrics instruments
Work flow in the Orthopedic Operation Theatre
Contents
Introduction to the pediatric Surgery
Physiological needs
8
Positioning the patient
Prepping and Draping the Patient
Instruments identification their use, care and sterilization
Special Equipment’s and Supplies
Commonly performed procedures (definitions, Goal of the procedure, Discussion
including instrument, equipment and supplies needed and procedure steps)
Management of the theatre work
Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this module, the students will be able to
Practice safe procedures assisting and techniques in Urology surgery as circulator and
Scrub Surgical technologist
Sort out the Supplies needed for the required procedures
Name and recognize commonly used pediatric instruments
Sterilize and processing of equipment and supplies
Management of the Operation Theatre work
3.
4.
9
The recommendations of Bloom Taxonomy have been received several times. Most common
classification applied in medical education is as under;
The levels of learning in the curriculum and the corresponding testing levels of examinations are
predetermined in the light of classification (Blooms Taxonomy) of learning objectives. In these
Programs, the taxonomy will be used at planning management and evaluation points of education.
CATS is based on the principle that 60 credits measure the workload of a full time student during
one academic year. The student workload of a full-time study program in Europe amounts in most
cases to around 1500-1800 hours per year, and in those cases one credit stands for around 25 to
30 working hours (for both taught and practical training).
As defined by European Credits Transfer system (ECTS), the CATS at KEMU is defined for
B.Sc.(Hons) Allied Health Sciences as follows;
10
under)
15.2 The members of the Program Faculty Committee of year III and IV will act as
supervisors/mentors of the students.
15. 3 The Topic of Research Assignment will be approved by the supervisor / mentor.
15.4. The Research Proposal/Synopsis and final Research Report will be recommended by the
Supervisor and approved by the Program Director.
15.5. Guide lines are given at para 16 & 17.
a. Student-centered-learning(SCL)
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b. Problem –based-learning(PBL)
c. Integrated teaching(IT)
d. Community-based-education(CBE)
e. Task-based-learning(TBL)
f. Team Based Learning (TBL), and
g. Evidence-Based-Learning (EBL)
h. Best Evidence Medical Education.
i). The Log Book containing record of participation of student in following activities;
Instructions
Training (skill learning)
Scholarly activities.
Duties
ii). The assessments of the students that will be carried out by the teachers at end of each
module & semester.
iii) The brief summary of each assignment carried out by the student and assessed by the
teacher.
iv). The student’s assessment of the quality of teaching/learning resources carried out at the
end of each module, along with the reply of the teachers.
v). The list and number of technical procedures performed attended by the students.
Teachers must closely monitor the conduction of the program and students performance and try
to bring improvements in both
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21. Criteria of Supervisors & Mentors
The Program Faculty Committee should appoint Mentors/Supervisors to each student. The main
role of Mentors/Supervisors to perform Carrier Counseling, give guideline and act as “Role
Model”. The Mentors/Supervisor must hold regular meetings with their students.
Examinations
1.1. Candidate must achieve 80% attendance in all teaching activities of each module to
be allowed to sit in module assessments.
1.2. Candidate(s) who fail to achieve 80% attendance in each module may be allowed to attend
makeup education activities by the Module In charge Teacher in the same module.
1.3. Candidate(s) must achieve at least 50% marks to pass the module test (evaluation).
1.4. Candidate(s) who fail to achieve 50% marks may be allowed to appear in re-sit
module evaluation by the Module In charge Teacher.
1.5. Module Evaluation will be carried out at the end of each module by the Module Faculty
and Module In charge Teacher will act as Head Examiner.
1.6. The Report of the Attendance and Result of Evaluation of each Module will be
prepared by Module In charge Teacher and and send to the Dean AHS modules in year-1
and to respective Program Director(s) for modules in year 2, 3 and 4, who shall forward a
copy to the Controller of Examination for notification.
13
1.7. Candidates who fail to pass all modules in a Semester before starting the next
Semester shall be dropped from the program..
2.1. Candidate(s) who have passed all module evaluation(s) of semester-I, II, III and IV will
be allowed to sit in Mid Comprehensive Examination.
2.2. One annual and one supplementary mid-comprehensive examination will be held
every year.
2.3. There will be Three (3) Papers each comprising of 100 MCQ of one best answer typ.
Time allowed for each paper will be 100 minutes.
2.5.The Table of Specifications will be issued by the Dean AHS for Paper 1 and
Paper 2, and by the respective Program Directors for the Paper 3. Paper 2 and 3 will
1. Panel of Examiners;
Paper 1.
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Two Examiners (one Internal and One External) each for “Islamic Studies and Ethics” and
Pakistan Studies.
Paper 2.
Part-1,The Teacher Incharg of All Modules of Basic Medical Sciences (Semester-I) will make
three (3) Papers of 50 MCQ each and submit to the Controller of Examination who will select one
of them blindly to include in the paper.
Part-2,The Teacher Incharg of All Modules of Basic Engineering/ Sciences
(Semester-II) will make three (3) Papers of 50 MCQ each and submit to the Controller of
Examination who will select one of them blindly to include in the Paper.
The Dean AHS will coordinate Faculty of Semester 1 and Semester 2 to make the
Question Papers.
Paper-3; Panel of Three (3) Examiners one internal and two external (one each for Semester 3
and Semester 4) will set the Paper 3, having 50 MCQ each for Modules in Semester 3 and
Semester 4.
2. candidate(s) who secure 33% or above marks in paper one (1) and
3. . candidate(s) who fails in one or more papers will be allowed to re- appear in
failing paper(s) and will be granted progression to year-III only when they will pass all
papers of mid-comprehensive
4. Research.
Students in 3rd year of all B.Sc (Hons) Programs are attached to a supervisor/mentor (one of the
members of the Program Faculty Committee) by the Program Director. The respective
supervisor/mentor will supervise the student to write synopsis and Dissertation of the Research
Assignment to be completed before final comprehensive examination.
Evaluation and Approval will be granted by another member of the Program Faculty Committee as
appointed by the Program Director.
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Final Comprehensive Examination (FCE)
Each Paper will be composed of one hundred (100) one best types MCQs. Time allowed for
each paper will be one hundred (100) minutes.
Panel of two (2) examiners for each paper one internal and one external, will make and
check papers and conduct examination for Viva and Practical Examination.
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3.4. Candidate(s) who achieve 50% or more marks separately in (i) theory paper
and in (ii) viva & practical examination will be declared pass.
3.5. Candidate(s) who fail in (i) theory or (ii) oral/practical or (iii) both will be allowed
to appear in the failing parts, in subsequent examinations.
Grade Point
Sr. No Letter Grade Numerical Grade (%)
Value
1. A+ 4.00 85 % and above
2. A 3.70 80 % - 84 %
3. B+ 3.40 75 % -79 %
4. B 3.00 70 % - 74 %
5. B- 2.50 65 % - 69 %
6. C+ 2.00 60 % - 64 %
7. C 1.50 55 % - 59 %
8. D 1.00 50 % - 54 %
9. F 0.00 Below 50 %
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24. Administration of Program(s)
27.1. First year of education (Semester of I & II) will be common to students of all programs
and Dean AHS will administer semester I & II and send results of modules to the
Controller of Examination.
27.2. After successful completion of year 1 (semester I & II ) the specific programs will be
allotted to the students by Board of Studies of AHS based on the choice of
student and merit of admission.
27.3. Whole curriculum is managed module wise. The full time, part time and visiting faculty
will teach the program and carry out assessment of the respective modules and semesters.
27.4. The Board of Studies of Allied Health Sciences will also act as Program Coordination
Committee. The BOS AHS will notify “List of Program Faculty Committees” for
Semester 1, Semester 2, Year 2, 3 and 4 under Chairman Ship of Program Director for
each “BSc(Hons) Program for a period of four (4) years and is responsible to develop,
manage and monitor the curriculum of their respective program and have following
composition.
Faculty Committee will be responsible to administer the curriculum and maintain discipline in
Program.
27.5 Board of Studies (BOS)of Allied Health Sciences (All B.Sc. Programs Coordination
Committee include all Program Directors shall develop, review and manage the;
18
g. The requirements/Learning resources of the program.
h. The Learning Strategies to be used for instructions.
i. Quality Assurance Procedures.
j. Fee structure
k. Remunerations to teachers
l. Any other policy issue
19
i. Objective of the course (preferably expressed in terms of learning outcomes and
competences)
j. Prerequisites for entry into the Program
k. Program Curriculum contents
l. Recommended reading
m. Teaching methods
n. Assessment methods
o. Language of instruction
a. Qualification awarded
b. Admission requirements
c. Educational and professional goals
d. Access to further studies
e. Course structure diagram with credits (60 per year)
f. Final examination
g. Examination and assessment regulations
a. Module/Course title
b. Module/Course code
c. Year of study
d. Two Semester/Three Semesters
e. Number of credits allocated to the Program, Each year, Each Semester, Each Module
(based on the student workload required to achieve the objectives or learning outcomes)
f. Name of Program Director and In charge Teacher of each Module.
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4. General information for students
i. Cost of living
ii. Accommodation
iii. Meals
iv. Medical facilities
v. Facilities for special needs students
vi. Financial support for students
vii. Student affairs office
viii. Study facilities
ix. International programmes
x. Language courses
xi. Internships
xii. Sports facilities
xiii. Extra-mural and leisure activities
Xvi Students associations
The statement(s) of learning objectives and procedures of program administration are called
academics standards. The measurement of effectiveness of these academic standards is called
academic quality.
The effectiveness of academic standards of BSc AHS programs is measured to determine the
existing quality level and is taken as base line for its further improvement, through following
procedures;
The programs are continuously monitored by the Program Director and reported in their
Annual Monitoring Report. The report consists of following parts;
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ii. Problems which were encountered while administrating the programs along with
list of problems that were solved and unsolved.
iii. Annual Monitoring Report of the B.Sc. Allied Health Sciences will be provided
to Dean AHS during month of January each year.
A pear review committee of two specialists of the same field from outside KEMU are
recommended by each Program Director to the Dean, AHS. The Dean will recommend
the panels of peer review committees along with the time table of “Self Evaluation” of
each program to the Vice Chancellor for approval. Self Evaluation of Program is
conducted after every five years. The Program Director act as coordinator of the Self
Evaluation. The Committee will review the Program on following
The Committee will visit the Learning Environment, meet students and faculty before
making final report.
22