010-Great Buildings
010-Great Buildings
010-Great Buildings
Architect: Imhotep
earliest pyramidal structure of the ancient world, the Step Pyramid
(c.2630 BC) of King Zoser at Saqqara, Egypt
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
consist of six terraces of receding sizes with a one staba
(circa 1200 BC – AD 1st Century)
Temple of Luxor
or Southern Sanctuary at Luxor,
Egypt, The Great Pyramid
18th the Pyramid of Khufu is the largest in the world, measuring 230m (756 ft)
dynasty
king
dedi
cated
to
Amon-
Re,
king of
the
Gods
bui
lt of sandstone for
the quarries of Gebel
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
(circa 300 – 30 BC)
Silsila
Parthenon
447-438
Abu Simbel Architect: Itchinus and Callicrates with Phidias
dedicated chieftly
Location: Athens, Greece
to Re-Harakhti, God
Style: Ancient Greek Doric
on the historic Acropolis. Doric exemplar
of the rising sun
built during the
reign of Ramses II (1304 – 1237 BC)
Erechtheum
421 – 405
Architect: Mnesicles
Location: Athens, Greece
Style: Ancient Greek, Ionic
has Caryatid Porch with figural columns. On the Acropolis, uses grade
change.
Style: Roman
composed of an arc of arched arcade
most magnificent and architecturally most pleasing
largest known forums
Epidaurus
Theater
Colosseum
Architect: Polykleitos
70 – 82
Location: Epidauros, or Epidhavros,
Architect: Vespacian and Domitian
Greece
Location: Rome, Italy
Style: Ancient Greek
Style: Ancient Roman
and the quality of its acoustics
three-quarter columns and
make the Epidaurus theatre one of
entablatures, Doric in the first story,
the great architectural
Ionic in the second, and Corinthian in
achievements of the fourth century.
the third, face the three tiers of
the largest and best preserved
arcades
ancient theaters in Greece.
largest Roman Amphitheater
can accommodate 14,000
designed to hold 50,000
spectators.
spectators
had approximately eighty entrances so crowds could arrive and leave
easily and quickly
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
(300BC – 365 AD)
AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE
The Pantheon
118 - 126 White House
Architect: Acrippa Architect: James Hoban
Location: Rome, Italy Location: Washington, D.C.
Style: Ancient Roman Date: 1793 to 1801, burned 1814,
great domed hall with oculus porticos 1824 to1829
oculus – a single circular opening Style: Georgian Neoclassical
one of the great spiritual official residence of the president
buildings of the world of the United States of America, for
it was built as a Roman temple the last 200 years
and later consecrated as a Catholic
Church Capitol of the United
revived the use of brick and concrete in temple Architecture
States
Architects: Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch
Trajan’s Forum Location: Washington, D.C.
100 – 112 Date: 1793 to 1830
Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus Style: Neoclassical
Location: Rome, Italy
meeting place of the U.S. Congress, the national assembly of the United Location: New York
States of America, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate shaped like a Latin cross
National Gallery of Art the largest Roman Catholic Cathedral in the United States
Architect: John Russel Pope designed in a Gothic Revival materials at English and French Gothic Style
houses one of the finest collections of painting, sculptures, and graphic Connecticut State Capitol
arts in the world Architect: Richard Upjohn
Tuileries
the Tuileries Garden of Pompidou Centre
Paris is part of the 1972 to 1976
Triumphal way, which Architect: Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano
Location: Paris, France
Building Type: modern art museum false ceiling painted by Marc Chagall
Construction system: high-tech steel and glass
Style: High-tech modern Elysee Palace
a cost of $100,000,000, with an average attendance of 1718
approximately seven million people a year Architect: Claude Mollet
massive structural expressionist cast exoskeleton, official residence of the president of France
"exterior" escalators enclosed in transparent tube
Hotel de Invalides
Notre Dame de Napoleons tomb is within the structure
Paris founded by Louis XIV for disabled soldiers
1163 to 1250 late 17th century
Architect: Maurice de
Sully La Madeleine
Location: Paris, France Architect: Napoleon I
Building Type: church, cathedral church of Ste. Marie Madeleine
Construction system: bearing masonry, constructed as a church in 1842
cut stone surrounded by 52 Corinthian columns
Style: Early Gothic
one of the most
celebrated Gothic
cathedrals in France
twin towers
marking the entrance
probably the Sorbonne
most famous image most famous building at the University of Paris
in French Gothic art
Chartres Cathedral
1194 to 1260
Paris Opera House Location: Chartres, France
1857 to 1874 Building type: cathedral
Architect: Charles Garnier Construction system: bearing masonry
Location: Paris, France Style: Gothic exemplar
Building type: theater, opera house the elevation was in three tiers as it had no gallery and the vaulting was
Construction system: masonry, cut stone quadripartite, which eliminated the need for alternating supports
Style: Neo-Baroque supreme monument of High Gothic art and architecture
polychrome façade, opulent staircase Amien’s Cathedral
commission by competition 1220
masterpiece of 19th century architecture 145 meters long
one of the largest and most opulent theaters in the largest French Gothic Cathedral ever built
world intricate façade completed during the 15th century
Construction system: reinforced concrete
Style: Expressionist Modern
soft-form composition, deep windows with colored glass (wall thickness 4'
to 12')
Le Corbusier’s dramatic pilgrim church
Villa Savoye
Rheims Cathedral 1928 to 1929
one of the greatest monument of Gothic art and Architect: Le Corbusier
architecture Location: Poissy, France
construction commerced by Jean Building type: house
d’Orbais and was completed by Robert Construction system: concrete and plastered unit masonry
Style: modern
de Coucy an early and classic exemplar of the "International Style", which hovers
a work of remarkable unity and above a grass plane on thin concrete pilotti, with strip windows, and a flat
harmony roof with a deck area, ramp, and a few contained touches of curvaceous walls
GERMAN ARCHITECTURE
Burgtheater
1874 to 1888
Eiffel Tower Architect: Gottfried Semper with Karl von Hasenaver
1887 to 1889
Architect: Gustave Eiffel
Location: Paris, France Berlin Opera House
Building Type: exposition observation (STAATSOPER)
tower Architect: Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorf
Construction system: exposed iron
Style: Victorian Structural Expressionist
dominates the sky line of Paris Wurzburg Residenz
one of the most famous landmarks in the world Architect: Balthazar Neumann
built for the Paris Exposition of 1889 one of the best structure of the Baroque-Rococo period
Temple of Heaven
Location: China
700 acre enclosure built by the Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle (Yung-Io)
Glasgow School of Art means “Perpetual Help”
1897 to 1909
Architect: Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Location: Glasgow, England
Building type: college
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: art and crafts, art nouveau
imaginative synthesis of Hagia Sofia
elements of Art Nouveau and Scottish 532 to 537
Architecture Architect: Isidoros and Anthemios
Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Building type: church
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: Byzantine
Durham Cathedral a tremendous domed space
1093 to 1280 built as the new Cathedral of Constantinople by the Emperor Justinian
Location: Durham, England a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture
Building type: church, cathedral additional minarets when the church became a mosque
Construction system: bearing
masonry, cut stone Cathedral of Siena
Style: Romanesque
Location: Southern Italy design emerged calling for an enormous octagonal dome
incorporated Gothic elements in a 1418: competition for construction of dome.
strongly Mediterranean design 1420: technical solution for vaulting proposed by Brunelleschi approved
and construction begun
The Duomo – dome added by Brunelleschi
1436— church consecrated
Pisa Cathedral
103 to 1350 Krak des Chevaliers
Location: Pisa, Italy 1150 to 1250
Building type: church complex Location: Syria
Construction system: bearing masonry, cut Building type: fort
stone, white marble Style: Medieval
Style: Romanesque crusader castle
"Pisa Cathedral with Baptistery, the best preserved and most wholly admirable castle in the world
Campanile and Campo Santo, together form
one of the most famous building groups in
the world
the cathedral complex includes the famous Leaning Tower, La Torre Alhambra
Pendente 1338 to 1390
white marble with colonnaded facades Location: Granada, Spain
Building type: palace
Florence Cathedral Construction system: bearing masonry
1296 to 1462 Style: Moorish (Islamic)
Architect: Arnolfo di Cambio palace of Nasrid Dynasty
Location: Florence, Italy the most beautiful remaining example of Western Islamic Architecture
Building type: domed church, cathedral built as a cathedral in the mid-1200’s
Construction system: bearing “hall of justice”: noted from its elaborate stalactite (maqarnas)
masonry decoration
Style: Italian Romanesque
1296: Cathedral begun on Casa Batllo
design by Arnolfo di Cambio 1905 to 1907
1357: Project continued on a Architect: Antonio Gaudi
modified plan by Francesco Location: Barcelona, Spain
Talenti Building type: apartment building
1366-7: Talenti's definitive Construction system: concrete
Style: Expressionist or Art Nouveau
uses animal styles al through-out the Taj Mahal
structure 1630 to 1653
Architect: Emperor Shah Jahan
Location: Agra, India
Building type: Islamic tomb
Construction system: bearing masonry, inlaid marble
Style: Islamic
onion-shape domes, flanking towers, built for wife Mumatz Mahal
located on the Jumna River
Casa Mila museum for Mogul emperor’s consort
1905 to 1910
Architect: Antonio Gaudi
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Building type: multifamily housing
Construction system: masonry and
concrete
Style: Art Nouveau
expressionistic, fantastic, organic
forms in undulating facade and roof line
light courth
it could be compared with the steep
cliff walls in which African tribes build
their cave-like dwellings
Sagrada Familia
1882 to 1926
Architect: Antonio Gaudi
Location: Barcelona, Spain
Building type: church
Construction system: masonry
Style: Expressionist
Church of the Holy Family
uncompleted during Gaudi’s lifetime
crowned by four spires