Unit Two: Ancient Mediterranean, 3500 B.C.E. - 300 C.E.: Week 2: Egypt

Unit Two: Ancient
Mediterranean, 3500 B.C.E.

300 C.E.
Week 2: Egypt
Stuff the College Board wants you to

know
Artistic traditions of the ancient Near East and dynastic
Egypt focused on representing royal figures and
divinities and on the function of the funerary and
palatial complexes within their cultural contexts. Works
of art illustrate the active exchange of ideas and
reception of artistic styles among the Mediterranean
cultures and the subsequent influence on the classical
world.
Stuff the College Board wants you to

know
The art of dynastic Egypt embodies a sense of
permanence. It was created for eternity in the service of
a culture that focused on preserving a cycle of rebirth.
Time Periods
Pre-dynastic: c. 3500-3100 B.C.E.
Early Dynastic: c. 3100-2700 B.C.E.
Old Kingdom: c. 2700-2200 B.C.E.
Middle Kingdom: c. 2200-1700 B.C.E.
New Kingdom: c. 1650-1125 B.C.E.
Figure 3.1 People, boats, and animals, watercolor copy of a wall painting from tomb 100 at Hierakonpolis,
Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 35003200 BCE. Paint on plaster, approx. 16 3 long. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
#13
#18
Figure 3-12 Khafre, from Gizeh, Egypt,

Dynasty IV, ca. 25202494 BCE. Diorite,
approx. 5 6 high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Figure 3-13 Menkaure and Khamerernebty

(?), from Gizeh, Egypt, Dynasty IV, ca. 2490
2472 BCE. Graywacke, approx. 4 6 1/2 high.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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#15
Seated Scribe
from Saqqara, Egypt
ca. 2,450-2,350 B.C.E.
painted limestone
approximately 21 in. high
17
Figure 3-15 Ka-Aper, from his mastaba at Saqqara,

Egypt, Dynasty V, ca. 24502350 BCE. Wood,
approx. 3 7 high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Figure 3-3 Section (left), plan (center), and restored view (right) of typical Egyptian mastaba tombs.
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Figure 3.4 IMHOTEP, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt,
Dynasty III, ca. 26302611 BCE.
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Figure 3-5 Restored plan (top) and view (bottom) of the mortuary precinct of
Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty III, ca. 26302611 BCE.
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Figure 3-6
Columnar entrance
corridor to the
mortuary precinct
of Djoser, Saqqara,
Egypt, Dynasty III,
ca. 26302611
BCE.
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Figure 3-6 Alternate View

Columnar Entrance Corridor, Mortuary
Precinct of Zose
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2005 Saskia Cultural Documentation, Ltd.
Figure 3-7 Facade of the North Palace of

the mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara,
Egypt, Dynasty III, ca. 26302611 BCE.
25
Figure 3-8 Great Pyramids, Gizeh, Egypt, Dynasty IV. From left: Pyramids of Menkaure, ca.
24902472 BCE; Khafre, ca. 25202494 BCE; and Khufu, ca. 25512528 BCE.
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#17
Figure 3-11 Great Sphinx (with Pyramid of Khafre in the background at left), Gizeh, Egypt,
Dynasty IV, ca. 25202494 BCE. Sandstone, approx. 65 high, 240 long.
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Figure 3-11 Alternate View

View from SSE, quasi-total with pyramid of Khufu (face in profile)
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Figure 3-9 Section of the Pyramid of Khufu, Gizeh, Egypt.
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Great Pyramids
Gizeh, Egypt
Pyramids of Menkaure, ca. 3,000-2,920
B.C.E.; Khafre, ca. 2520-2494 B.C.E.;
Khufu ca. 2551-2528 B.C.E.
limestone
largest (Khufu) approximately 450 ft.
high
32
Figure 3-10 Model of the pyramid complex, Gizeh, Egypt. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard
University Semitic Museum.
1. Pyramid of Menkaure, 2. Pyramid of Khafre, 3. Mortuary temple of Khafre, 4. Causeway, 5. Great Sphinx
6. Valley temple of Khafre, 7. Pyramid of Khufu, 8. Pyramids of the royal family and mastabas of nobles
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#17
Rock cut Tombs BH 3-5

Beni Hasan, Egypt, Dynasty XII
ca. 1950-1900 B.C.E.
36
Figure 3-20 Interior hall of the rock-cut tomb of Amenemhet (BH 2), Beni Hasan, Egypt,
Dynasty XII, ca. 19501900 BCE.
37
Tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt

ca. 1,985 B.C.E.
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Tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt

ca. 1,985 B.C.E.
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#20
Temple of Amen-Re
Karnak, Egypt
ca. 15th century B.C.E.
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#20
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#20
Figure 3-28 Temple of Horus, Edfu,

Egypt, ca. 23747 BCE.
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#21
Figure 3-21 Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut (with the Middle Kingdom mortuary temple of
Mentuhotep II at left), Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca. 14731458 BCE.
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Figure 3-22 Hatshepsut with offering

jars, from the upper court of her mortuary
temple, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, ca. 1473
1458 BCE. Red granite, approx. 8 6 high.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
48
Statue of Hatshepsut
Deir el-Bahri, Egypt
ca. 1,473-1,458 B.C.E.
limestone
76 3/4 in. high
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#21
Figure 3-29 Senmut with Princess Nefrua,

from Thebes, Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca.
14701460 BCE. Granite, approx. 3 1/2
high. gyptisches Museum, Berlin.
51
Figure 3-32 Akhenaton, from the temple

of Aton, Karnak, Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca.
13531335 BCE. Sandstone, approx. 13
high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Figure 3-32 Detail

head and upper torso from front center
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Akhenaton sacrificing a duck

ca. 1,353-1,335 B.C.E.
limestone
9 5/8 in. high
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Figure 3-33 THUTMOSE, Nefertiti, from Tell

el-Amarna, Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca. 1353
1335 BCE. Painted limestone, approx. 1 8
high. gyptisches Museum, Berlin.
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Figure 3-34 Tiye, from Gurob,

Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca. 1353
1335 BCE. Wood, with gold,
silver, alabaster, and lapis
lazuli, approx. 3 3/4 high.
gyptisches Museum, Berlin.
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Figure 3-35 Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters, from Tell el-Amarna, Egypt, Dynasty
XVIII, ca. 13531335 BCE. Limestone, approx. 12 1/4 high. gyptisches Museum, Berlin.
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#22
#23
Figure 3-36 Innermost coffin of Tutankhamen, from his tomb at

Thebes, Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca. 1323 BCE. Gold with inlay of enamel
and semiprecious stones, approx. 6 1 long. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Figure 3-37 Death mask of Tutankhamen,

from the innermost coffin in his tomb at
Thebes, Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca. 1323 BCE.
Gold with inlay of semiprecious stones, 1 9
1/4 high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Figure 3-38 Painted chest, from the Tomb of Tutankhamen, Thebes, Egypt, ca. 13331323
BCE. Wood, approx. 1 8 long. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
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Figure 3-38 Detail

detail of left end with king in the guise of two sphinxes
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Figure 3-23 Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Egypt, Dynasty XIX, ca. 12901224 BCE.
Sandstone, colossi approx. 65 high.
75
Figure 3-24 Interior of the temple of

Ramses II, Abu Simbel (now relocated),
Egypt, Dynasty XIX, ca. 12901224 BCE.
Sandstone, pillar statues approx. 32 high.
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#24
Figure 3-16 Ti watching a

hippopotamus hunt, relief in the
mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, Egypt,
Dynasty V, ca. 24502350 BCE.
Painted limestone, hunting scene
approx. 4 high.
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Goats Treading Seed and Cattle Fording a Canal

Saqqara, Egypt - Mastaba of Ti
ca. 2450-2350 B.C.E.
painted limestone
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Figure 3-30 Fowling scene, from the tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, Egypt, Dynasty XVIII, ca.
14001350 BCE. Fresco on dry plaster, approx. 2 8 high. British Museum, London.
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Figure 3-31 Musicians and dancers, detail of a fresco from the tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, Egypt,
Dynasty XVIII, ca. 14001350 BCE. Fragment approx. 1 x 2 3. British Museum, London.
83
Figure 3-40 Mentuemhet, from Karnak, Egypt,

Dynasty XXVI, ca. 650 BCE. Granite, approx. 4 5
high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
84

Unit Two: Ancient Mediterranean, 3500 B.C.E. - 300 C.E.: Week 2: Egypt

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Unit Two: Ancient Mediterranean, 3500 B.C.E. - 300 C.E.: Week 2: Egypt

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Unit Two: Ancient

Mediterranean, 3500 B.C.E.

Stuff the College Board wants you to

Stuff the College Board wants you to

Figure 3-12 Khafre, from Gizeh, Egypt,

Figure 3-13 Menkaure and Khamerernebty

Figure 3-15 Ka-Aper, from his mastaba at Saqqara,

Figure 3-6 Alternate View

Figure 3-7 Facade of the North Palace of

Figure 3-11 Alternate View

2005 Saskia Cultural Documentation, Ltd.

Figure 3-9 Section of the Pyramid of Khufu, Gizeh, Egypt.

Rock cut Tombs BH 3-5

Tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt

Tomb of Meketre, Thebes, Egypt

Figure 3-28 Temple of Horus, Edfu,

Figure 3-22 Hatshepsut with offering

Figure 3-29 Senmut with Princess Nefrua,

Figure 3-32 Akhenaton, from the temple

Figure 3-32 Detail

Akhenaton sacrificing a duck

Figure 3-33 THUTMOSE, Nefertiti, from Tell

Figure 3-34 Tiye, from Gurob,

Figure 3-36 Innermost coffin of Tutankhamen, from his tomb at

Figure 3-37 Death mask of Tutankhamen,

Figure 3-38 Detail

2005 Saskia Cultural Documentation, Ltd.

Figure 3-24 Interior of the temple of

Figure 3-16 Ti watching a

Goats Treading Seed and Cattle Fording a Canal

Figure 3-40 Mentuemhet, from Karnak, Egypt,

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