19 easy questions to help you understand the status of your bone health What you cannot change – your family history 9. Have you ever been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis? 17. Is your daily level of physical activity less than 30 minutes 1. Have either of your parents been diagnosed with yes no per day (housework, gardening, walking, running etc.)? osteoporosis or broken a bone after a minor fall yes no (a fall from standing height or less)? 10. Have you been diagnosed with an over-reactive yes no thyroid or over-reactive parathyroid glands? 18. Do you avoid, or are you allergic to milk or dairy products, without taking any calcium supplements? yes no 2. Did either of your parents have a “dowager’s hump”? yes no yes no For women: 19. Do you spend less than 10 minutes per day outdoors Your personal clinical factors 11. For women over 45: Did your menopause occur (with part of your body exposed to sunlight), without These are fixed risk factors that one is born with or cannot before the age of 45? taking vitamin D supplements? alter. But that is not to say that they should be ignored. yes no yes no It is important to be aware of fixed risks so that steps can be taken to reduce loss of bone mineral. 12. Have your periods ever stopped for 12 consecutive months or more (other than because of pregnancy, 3. Are you 40 years old or older? menopause or hysterectomy)? Understanding your answers: yes no yes no If you answered “yes” to any of these questions it does 4. Have you ever broken a bone after a minor fall, 13. Were your ovaries removed before age 50, without you not mean that you have osteoporosis. Positive answers as an adult? taking Hormone Replacement Therapy? simply mean that you have clinically-proven risk factors yes no which may lead to osteoporosis and fractures. yes no 5. Do you fall frequently (more than once in the last year) For men: Please show this risk test to your physician or health care or do you have a fear of falling because you are frail? professional who may encourage you to have a bone yes no 14. Have you ever suffered from impotence, lack of libido mineral density test (BMD), and who will advise on what or other symptoms related to low testosterone levels? treatment, if any, is recommended. 6. After the age of 40, have you lost more than 3 cm in height (just over 1 inch)? yes no If you have no or few risk factors you should never- yes no theless discuss your bone health with your physician and What you can change – your lifestyle factors monitor your risks in the future. You should also discuss 7. Are you underweight (is your Body Mass Index less than Modifiable risk factors which primarily arise because of diet osteoporosis with your family and friends and encourage 19 kg/m2)? (See: “How to calculate you BMI”) or lifestyle choices. them to take this test. yes no 15. Do you regularly drink alcohol in excess of safe You can get more information (and calculate your BMI), 8. Have you ever taken corticosteroid tablets (cortisone, drinking limits (more than 2 units a day)? and also contact your national osteoporosis society via: prednisone, etc.) for more than 3 consecutive months (See: “How to estimate your alcohol consumption”) (corticosteroids are often prescribed for conditions like yes no www.iofbonehealth.org asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and some inflammatory diseases)? 16. Do you currently, or have you ever, smoked cigarettes? And don’t forget to give this new IOF One-Minute yes no yes no Osteoporosis Risk Test to your family and friends. How to calculate you Body Mass Index (BMI) What is Osteoporosis? Body mass index (BMI) is a measure based on height and Osteoporosis is a disease in which the density and quality of weight that applies to both adult men and women. bone are reduced, leading to weakness of the skeleton and increased risk of fracture, particularly of the spine, wrist, hip, BMI Categories: pelvis and shoulder. Osteoporosis and associated fractures Underweight = below 18.5 are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Normal weight = 18.5 – 24.9 Overweight = 25 – 29.9 Obesity = 30 or greater
Imperial BMI Formula
Normal bone The imperial BMI formula accepts weight measurements in pounds & height measurements in either inches or feet. 1 foot = 12 inches. Inches2 = inches x inches
BMI weight in pounds x 703
(kg/m2) = Osteoporotic bone height in inches2
Some Important facts:
Metric BMI Formula Osteoporosis, the silent epidemic, is a global problem. The metric BMI formula accepts weight measurements in Approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur worldwide kilograms & height measurements in either cm or meters. each year. By 2050 this number could reach between 1 meter = 100cm. Meters2 = meters x meters 4.5 million1 and 6.3 million2. te ne -Minu IOF O NEW s Risk Test In women over 45, osteoporosis accounts for more days spent in hospital than many other diseases, including he weight in kilograms Take t orosi steop BMI = diabetes, myocardial infarction3. (kg/m2) height in meters2 It is estimated that only one out of three vertebral O fractures comes to clinical attention4.
How to estimate your alcohol consumption
Women who develop a vertebral fracture are at substantial risk for additional fracture within the next year5. Are you at risk A unit of alcohol is equivalent to 10 ml (or approximately 8 grams) of pure ethanol, the active chemical ingredient in 1. Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA (1997) World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 7:407-413. 2. Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ, 3rd (1992) Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos Int 2:285-289. 3. Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, et al. (1997) Guidelines of osteoporosis? alcoholic beverages. Excessive alcohol consumption for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. The European Foundation increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. Osteoporos Int 7:390-406. 4. Cooper Are you among the one in three women, C, Atkinson EJ, O’Fallon WM, et al. (1992) Incidence of clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985- and the one in five men around the world 1989. J Bone Miner Res 7:221-227. 5. Lindsay R, Silverman SL, Cooper C, et who will be affected by osteoporosis? As aarough roughguide guideUnits of alcohol Units per glass*: of alcohol per glass*: al. (2001) Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture. J Am Med Assoc 285:320-323. Osteoporosis weakens bones and causes Supported by an fractures which can result in severe disability. unresticted educational = = grant from our Global Gold World Osteoporosis Take this new IOF One-Minute Osteoporosis Day 2007 sponsors: Risk Test and find out if you are at risk. Beer or cider (4% alcohol): Wine (12.5% alcohol): Spirits (40% alcohol): 250 ml/8.75 oz. = 1 unit 100 ml/3.50oz. 80 ml/2.80 oz.==11.25 unit units 25 ml/0.88 oz. = 1 unit (100 ml = 3.5 fluid oz.) IOF – International Osteoporosis Foundation ** Standard Standard glasses glasses and and alcohol alcohol content content in in beverages beverages vary vary per per country, country, hence fluid 9 rue Juste-Olivier, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland hence fluid amounts amounts and percentages and percentages used used rather rather than than standard standard glasses. glasses. Tel.: +41 (0)22 994 01 00, Fax: +41 (0)22 994 01 01 info@iofbonehealth.org, www.iofbonehealth.org