lqjfHk%

(mebmke=Àlem³e Heeþd³eHegmlekeÀced)
(keÀ#eeÝ<e<þer)

He´keÀeMeve efJeYeeie
[er.S.Jeer. keÀe@uespe He´yebOekeÀ$eea meefceefle
ef®e$eiegHle ceeie&, veF& efouueerÝ110055
 Devegke´Àceë
Heeþë efJe<e³eeë He=<þe*dkeÀeë

He´eLe&vee 1

He´Leceë Heeþë Hegjë Hegjë He´ie®í js 2

J³eekeÀjCecedö mebmke=Àle JeCe&ceeuee [Sanskrit Alphabet] 7

efÜleer³eë Heeþë cece efHe´³eë efJeÐeeue³eë 11

J³eekeÀjCecedö Sleled, leled SJeb efkeÀced (meJe&veece-Meyoeveeb He´³eesieë) 17

[Use of Pronouns —This, That and What)]

le=leer³eë Heeþë ®elJeeefj efHe´³eefce$eeefCe 23

J³eekeÀjCecedö Demceodö³eg<ceodömeJe&veeceöªHeeefCe 35

[Forms of Pronouns— I, You]

®elegLe&ë Heeþë ceOegjeë MueeskeÀeë 38

J³eekeÀjCecedö MeyoªHeeefCe [Forms of Words—Nouns] 45

keÀejkeÀm³e Heefj®e³eë [Introduction to Cases] 52

He_®eceë Heeþë peues DeefHe Jemeefvle peerJeeë 54

J³eekeÀjCecedö Je®eveced [Numbers] 59

OeelegªHeeefCe [Verb–Forms] 63

Hegefuue²ced [Masculine Gender] 68

<e<þë Heeþë JeerjyeeefuekeÀe ieg_pevemekeÌmesvee 71

J³eekeÀjCecedö ue*d uekeÀejë (YetlekeÀeueë) [Past Tense] 76

m$eerefue²ced [Feminine Gender] 80

meHleceë Heeþë He´nsefuekeÀeë 82
J³eekeÀjCecedö GHemeiee&ë [Prefixes] 87

DeJ³e³eHeoeefve [Indeclinable Words] 88

De<ìceë Heeþë Oev³ee ceelegë ceefncee 93

J³eekeÀjCecedö MeyoªHeeefCe [Forms of Words—Nouns] 98

veJeceë Heeþë ``efmeefkeÌkeÀce'' He´osMem³e meewvo³e&ced 103

J³eekeÀjCecedö ue=ìduekeÀejë (YeefJe<³eled keÀeue) [Future Tense] 108

veHegbmekeÀefue²ced [Neuter Gender] 111

oMeceë Heeþë ³eesi³eë efMe<³eë 114

J³eekeÀjCecedö GHeHeo-efJeYeefkeÌleë 120

SkeÀeoMeë Heeþë ceOegjeefCe Je®eveeefve 122

J³eekeÀjCecedö He´l³e³eë [Suffix] 128

me*dK³eeë [Numbers] 129

izkFkZuk

mJeefmle HevLeeceveg®ejsce
met³ee&®evêcemeeefJeJe~
Hegveo&oleeIvelee
peevelee meb iecesceefn~~

1
iqj% iqj% izxPN js He´Leceë
Heeþë

Hegjë Hegjë He´ie®í js

He´iee³e ceele=Jevoveced~
mJe-pevce-Yetefce j#eCes
He´³¾®í Jeerj! peerJeveced~~
efMejë kegÀ© mecegvveleced
leJeemleg cee keÌJeef®eod Ye³eced~
Hegjë Hegjë He´ie®í js
He´iee³e ceele=Jevoveced~~
jCes Oe=efleë megkeÀewMeueced
He´JeOe&leeced ceveesyeueced~
megefveefM®eleë pe³emleJe
keg˩ mJeOece&Heeueveced~~
Hegjë Hegjë He´ie®í js
He´iee³e ceele=Jevoveced~~
2
'kCnkFkkZ% Word-Meaning
Hegjë Hegjë Deeies-Deeies ahead

He´ie®í yeæ{les ®euees go

He´iee³e ieeDees sing

ceele=Jevoveced ceele=Jevovee motherland's prayer

mJe DeHeveer self

j#eCes j#ee ceW in defence

He´³e®í oes give

efMejë efmej head

mecegvveleced TB®ee high

leJe legcneje your

Demleg nes be

keÌJeef®eod keÀesF& any

jCes ³eg× ceW in war

Oe=efleë Oew³e& patience

megkeÀewMeueced De®íe keÀewMeue good skill

He´JeOe&leeced yeæ{eles jnes increase

ceveesyeueced ceveesyeue mental strength

pe³eë efJepe³e win

kegÀ© keÀjes do

mJeOece&Heeueveced DeHeves Oece& keÀe Heeueve obey your duties

3
 vH;kl%
1. ef®e$eb ¢<ìdJee efueKevleg `Deeced' DeLeJee `ve'ö
(i) efkeÀced Sles Jeerjeë yeeueeë meefvle? -------------------
Deeced
(ii) efkeÀced meJex<eeb nmles je<ì^OJepeë Deefmle? -------------------

(iii) efkeÀced Sles Jeerjyeeueeë Deie´s-Deies´ ie®íefvle? -------------------

(iv) efkeÀced De$e He_®e (5) yeeueeë meefvle? -------------------

(v) efkeÀced Sles Jeerjyeeueeë He´mevveeë meefvle? -------------------

(vi) efkeÀced Sles<eeb o=ef<ìë Deie´s Deefmle? -------------------

(vii) efkeÀced Sles<eeb ceveefme Ye³eced Deefmle? -------------------

2. ef®e$eb ¢<ìdJee Heeþeled GHe³egkeÌleHeoeefve ef®elJee Jeeke̳eeefve Hetj³evlegö

Hegjë Hegjë -------------------------------------- js

He´iee³e --------------------------------------~

mJe-pevce-Yetefce --------------------------------------

He´³e®í Jeerj! --------------------------------------~

4
 jCes -------------------------------------- megkeÀewMeueced

He´JeOe&leeced --------------------------------------~

-------------------------------------- pe³emleJe

keg˩ ------------------------------------------~

3. Gef®eleb MeyoeLe¥ ef®elJee efueKevlegö

(i) Hegjë Hegjë ----------------------------- efJepe³eë

(ii) He´³e®í ----------------------------- Deie´s-Deie´s

(iii) pe³eë ----------------------------- He=LJeer

(iv) Yetefceë ----------------------------- ³eg×s

(v) jCes ----------------------------- osefn

5
QQ cetu³eelcekeÀë He´Mveë
YeJevleë Sleled ieerleced DeHeþved~ Sleled ieerleb osMeYeefkeÌleb He´efle He´sj³eefle~ `YeJevleë mJeosMee³e efkebÀ efkebÀ keÀleg&ced MekeÌvegJeefvle'
Fefle Jeovleg efueKevleg ®eö

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
QQ ieefleefJeefOeë
DeOeë He´oÊemLeeves je<ì^OJepeb efvecee&³e Gef®elewë JeCezë Hetj³evlegö

6
 O;kdj.ke ~
mebmke=Àle JeCe&ceeuee
[Sanskrit Alphabet]

laLÑr&o.kZekyk

Lojk% O;×tukfu
(Vowels) (Consonants)

gzLo&Lojk% nh?kZ&Lojk%
(Short vowels) (Long vowels)

QQ mJejeë
ÛmJe-mJejeë ö De F G $e+ ue=

oerIe&-mJejeë ö Dee F& T $e+== S Ss Dees Deew

QQ J³e_peveeefve   meb³egkeÌle-J³e_peveeefve
keÀ-Jeie&ë kedÀ Ked ied Ied *d #e  = kedÀ +  <ed +  De

®e-Jeie&ë ®ed íd ped Ped _ed $e  = led +  jd +  De

ì-Jeie&ë ìd þd [d {d Ced %e  = ped +  _ed +  De

le-Jeie&ë led Led od Oed ved

He-Jeie&ë Hed HedÀ yed Yed ced

DevleëmLeeë ³ed jd ued Jed

G<ceeë Med <ed med nd

7
QQ cee$ee-DeJeyeesOeveced
JeCee&ë cee$eeë JeCe& + cee$ee
De ö keÀ 
= kedÀ +  De

Dee e keÀe 
= kedÀ +  Dee

F ef efkeÀ 
= kedÀ +  F

F& er keÀer 
= kedÀ +  F&

G g kegÀ 
= kedÀ +  G

T t ketÀ 
= kedÀ +  T

$e+ = ke=À 
= kedÀ +  $e+

$e+== == ke==À  = kedÀ +  $e+==

S s kesÀ 
= kedÀ +  S

Ss w kewÀ 
= kedÀ +  Ss

Dees es keÀes 
= kedÀ +  Dees

Deew ew keÀew 
= kedÀ +  Deew

Deb b kebÀ 
= kedÀ +  Deb

Deë ë keÀë 
= kedÀ +  Deë

vH;kl%
1. JeCe&-efJev³eemeb kegÀJe&vleg (Disjoin the letters)õ

© = ------- G Meer = -------

jd +-------- F& ®eew
Med +-------- =   ------- Deew í
®ed +-------- = -------
íd +--------
De
ª = -------+-------- <es = -------+-------- lew =   -------+-------- efce = -------+--------

Oee = -------+-------- Hees = -------+-------- þë

=   -------+-------- le= = -------+--------

ìer = -------+-------- ves = -------+-------- [b =   -------+-------- Je== = -------+--------

ie = -------+-------- ®ee = -------+-------- efle

=   -------+-------- ceer = -------+--------

Je= = -------+-------- Les = -------+-------- Oees

=   -------+-------- Heew = -------+--------

8
 2. JeCe&-³eespeveb kegÀJe&vleg (Join the letters)ö

Ded + led + jd + De = ------------------------------
De$e (³eneB, here)
kedÀ + G + led + jd + De = ------------------------------ (keÀneB, where)
led + De + led + jd + De = ------------------------------ (JeneB, there)
med + De + od + Dee = ------------------------------ (ncesMee, always)
³ed + De + od + Dee = ------------------------------ (peye, when)
led + De + od + Dee = ------------------------------ (leye, then)
kedÀ + De + od + Dee = ------------------------------ (keÀye, when)
³ed + De + od + F = ------------------------------ (Deiej, if)
3. GoenjCeevegmeejb kegÀJe&vlegö
DeOegvee (Deye, now) = ------------------------------------------------
De + Oed + G + ved + Dee
DeefHe (Yeer, also) = ------------------------------------------------
De + Hed + F
DeLeJee (³ee, or) = ------------------------------------------------
Deleë (FmeefueS, therefore) = ------------------------------------------------
Deeced (neB, yes) = ------------------------------------------------
G®®ewë (]peesj mes, loudly) = ------------------------------------------------
Mevewë (Oeerjs, slowly) = ------------------------------------------------
SJe (ner, only) = ------------------------------------------------
SkeÀoe (SkeÀ yeej, once) = ------------------------------------------------
SJeced (Fme He´keÀej, like this) = ------------------------------------------------
®e (Deewj, and) = ------------------------------------------------
ve (veneR, not) = ------------------------------------------------
veer®ewë (veer®es, downward) = ------------------------------------------------
Hegveë (efHeÀj, again) = ------------------------------------------------
Hejvleg (uesefkeÀve, but) = ------------------------------------------------
Hegje (yengle mece³e Henues, once upon a time) = ------------------------------------------------
MeerIe´ced (peuoer, quickly) = ------------------------------------------------
MJeë (Deeves Jeeuee keÀue, tomorrow) = ------------------------------------------------
nd³eë (yeerlee ngDee keÀue, yesterday) = ------------------------------------------------

9
 yeefnë (yeenj, out) = ------------------------------------------------

efJevee (efyevee, without) = ------------------------------------------------

4. O³eevesve HeM³evleg (See carefully)ö

Ðe = od + ³ed + De (³eÐeefHe = ³ed + De + od + ³ed + De + Hed + F)

Þe = Med + jd + De (ÞeJeCe = Med + jd + De + Jed + De + Ced + De)

Û = nd + jd + De (ÛmJe = nd + jd + De + med + Jed + De)

Ë = nd + $e+ (¿o³e = nd + $e+ + od + De + ³ed + De)

ke´À = kedÀ + jd + De (ke´Àce = kedÀ + jd + De + ced + De)

ke=À = kedÀ + $e+ (ke=Àef<e = kedÀ + $e+ + <ed + F)

Je= = Jed + $e+ (Je=ef<ì = Jed + $e+ + <ed + ìd + F)

keÀce& = kedÀ + De + jd + ced + De

Oece& = Oed + De + jd + ced + De

5. JeCe&efJev³eemeb kegÀJe&vlegö
Deece´b (Deece´ced) = --------------------------------------

je<ì^b (---------) = --------------------------------------

Ye´ceefle = --------------------------------------

¿<ìë = --------------------------------------

n<e&ë = --------------------------------------

Je=<eYeë = --------------------------------------

F#eg = --------------------------------------

[ceªë = --------------------------------------

í$eced = --------------------------------------

10
ee fiz;% fo|ky;% efÜleer³eë
Heeþë

S<eë efJeÐeeue³eë Deefmle~

S<eë cece efJeÐeeue³eë Deefmle~

cece efJeÐeeue³eë megvojë Deefmle~

cece efJeÐeeue³eë efJeMeeueë DeefHe Deefmle~

Denb He´efleefoveb efJeÐeeue³eb ie®íeefce~

Denb efJeÐeeue³es He´efleefoveb Heeþb Heþeefce~

Denb efJeÐeeue³es He´efleefoveb uesKeced DeefHe efueKeeefce~

efJeÐeeue³es cece DeveskeÀeefve efce$eeefCe meefvle~

11
Denb efce$ewë men ke´Àer[eefce~
DemceekebÀ efJeÐeeue³es DeveskeÀeefve ef®e$eeefCe meefvle~
ef®e$eeefCe megvojeefCe meefvle~
Je³eb efceefuelJee megvojeefCe ef®e$eeefCe HeM³eeceë~
Je³eb efceefuelJee ieerleeefve DeefHe iee³eeceë~
Je³eb efceefuelJee ke´Àer[e²Ces ke´Àer[eceë OeeJeeceë ®e~
DemceekeÀced DeO³eeHekeÀeë DeO³eeefHekeÀeë ®e mvesnsve Heeþ³eefvle~
Je³eced DeefHe mvesnsve Heþeceë DeO³eeHekeÀeveeced ®e mecceeveb kegÀce&ë~
³eoe DeJekeÀeMeë YeJeefle Je³eb efceefuelJee SJe ie=nced Deeie®íeceë~
Je³eb efceefuelJee SJe ie=nkeÀe³e¥ kegÀce&ë ke´Àer[eceë ®e~

'kCnkFkkZ% Word-Meaning
S<eë ³en this

cece cesje my

efJeMeeueë yeæ[e big

He´efleefoveb jes]pe daily

ie®íeefce (ceQ) peelee ntB/peeleer ntB (I) go

Heþeefce (ceQ) Heæ{lee ntB/Heæ{leer ntB (I) read

uesKeced uesKe (keÀes) writing

DeveskeÀeefve yengle mes many

efce$ewë men efce$eeW kesÀ meeLe with friends

12
ke´Àer[eefce (ceQ) Kesuelee ntB/Kesueleer ntB (I) play

DemceekebÀ nceejs our

ef®e$eeefCe ef®e$e pictures

Je³eb nce we

efceefuelJee efceuekeÀj together

HeM³eeceë (nce) osKeles nQ (we) see

ieerleeefve ieerle songs

iee³eeceë (nce) ieeles nQ (we) sing

ke´Àer[e²Ces Kesue kesÀ cewoeve ceW in playground

mvesnsve H³eej mes with love

Heeþ³eefvle Heæ{eles nQ/Heæ{eleer nQ teach

³eoe peye when

DeJekeÀeMeë ígÆer holiday/break

SJe ner only

Deeie®íeceë (nce) Deeles nQ (we) come

kegÀce&ë (nce) keÀjles nQ (we) do

13
 vH;kl%
1. Heeþb HeefþlJee efueKevleg `Deeced' DeLeJee `ve'ö
efkeÀb cece efJeÐeeue³eë megvojë Deefmle?
(i) --------------------
Deeced
(ii) efkebÀ cece efJeÐeeue³eë efJeMeeueë DeefHe Deefmle? --------------------
(iii) efkeÀced Denb He´efleefoveb efJeÐeeue³eb ie®íeefce? --------------------

efkeÀced Denb ieerleb efueKeeefce?

(iv) --------------------
(v) efkeÀced Denb efce$ewë men ke´Àer[eefce? --------------------
(vi) efkeÀced DemceekeÀced DeO³eeHekeÀeë mvesnsve Heeþ³eefvle? --------------------

2. ce_pet<ee³eeb He´oÊe-Heowë efjkeÌlemLeeveeefve Hetj³evlegö

Denb He´efleefoveb ------------------- ie®íeefce~
(i) ieerleeefve
efJeÐeeue³es He´efleefoveb --------------- Heþeefce~
(ii) efJeÐeeue³eb
He´efleefoveb ------------------ DeefHe efueKeeefce~
(iii) Heeþb
Je³eb efceefuelJee ------------------- iee³eeceë~
(iv) ef®e$eeefCe
Je³eb megvojeefCe ------------------ HeM³eeceë~
(v) uesKeced
3. Gef®eleb He³ee&³e-Heob ef®elJee efueKevlegö
efJeÐeeue³eë ------------------------------
(i) efvel³eb
megvojë
(ii) ------------------------------ HeeþMeeuee
He´efleefoveb
(iii) ------------------------------ Deeojë
ke´Àer[e²Ces ------------------------------
(iv) MeesYeveë
mecceeveb
(v) ------------------------------ ke´Àer[e#es$es
4. Heeþb HeefþlJee Sles<eeced He´Mveeveeced GÊejeefCe SkeÀHeosve Jeovleg efueKevleg ®eö
(i) S<eë keÀë Deefmle? ------------------------------

efJeÐeeue³es keÀeefve megvojeefCe meefvle?

(ii) ------------------------------

efJeÐeeue³es Denb kewÀë men ke´Àer[eefce?

(iii) ------------------------------

Je³eb kegÀ$e ke´Àer[eceë OeeJeeceë ®e?

(iv) ------------------------------

Je³eb kesÀ<eeb mecceeveb kegÀce&ë?

(v) ------------------------------

14
 5. Sles<eeced He´Mveeveeced GllejeefCe HetCe&Jeeke̳esve Jeovleg efueKevleg ®eö
keÀë efJeMeeueë Deefmle?
(i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

efJeÐeeue³es DeveskeÀeefve keÀeefve meefvle?

(ii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

kesÀ mvesnsve Heeþ³eefvle?

(iii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

keÀm³e DeveskeÀeefve efce$eeefCe meefvle?

(iv)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Je³eb efceefuelJee efkeÀb kegÀce&ë?

(v)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. ce_pet<eeleë Gef®eleb Jeeke̳eb ef®elJee ef®e$eeCeeb mece#eb efueKevlegö

--------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------- ----------------------------

ce_pet<ee yeeueë efueKeefle~  yeeueë veceefle~  yeeueë Heþefle~  yeeueë ®eueefle~

15
QQ cetu³eelcekeÀë He´Mveë
YeJevleë DeHeþved ³eled íe$eeë He´efleefoveb efJeÐeeue³eb ie®íefvle~ les DeO³eeHekeÀeveeb mecceeveb kegÀJe&efvle~ les ie=nkeÀe³e&ced DeefHe
efceefuelJee kegÀJe&efvle~ DeOegvee mJeefJe<e³es efJe®eej³evlegö
YeJeeved/YeJeleer efJeÐeeue³es efkebÀ efkebÀ keÀjesefle?
QQ ieefleefJeefOeë
YeJeeved/YeJeleer He´efleefoveb efJeÐeeue³es DeveskeÀeefve Jemletefve HeM³eefle~ ³eLeeö HegmlekeÀeefve, M³eeceHeÆced, me²CekeÀced,
DeemeefvokeÀeced, MJesleJeefle&keÀeced, HeeokeÀvogkeÀced DeeefoJemletefve~ keÀ³eesë DeefHe ܳeesë ef®e$eb efvecee&³e le³eesë veeceveer
efueKevlegö

16
 O;kdj.ke ~
Sleled, leled SJeb efkeÀced (meJe&veece-Meyoeveeb He´³eesieë)
[Use of Pronouns —This, That and What]

S<eë keÀë Deefmle?

S<eë cece efJeÐeeue³eë Deefmle~
Slem³e YeJeveb megvojced Deefmle~
leew íe$eew efJeÐeeue³eb ie®íleë~
leled YeJeveced DeleerJe efJeMeeueced Deefmle~
kesÀ Üejs efle<þefvle?
Sles íe$eeë Üejs efle<þefvle?
les meJex keÀ#eemeg ie®íefvle~

 GHeefjefueefKeles<eg Jeeke̳es<eg jsKeeef*dkeÀleeefve ``keÀë, S<eë, Slem³e, leew, leled'' Fefle Heoeefve meJe&veeceHeoeefve meefvle~

 De$e `S<eë', `Slem³e', `Sles' Fefle Heoeefve `Sleled' (³en, This) Meyom³e ªHeeefCe meefvle~

 `leew', `leled', `les' Fefle Heoeefve `leled' (Jen, That) Meyom³e ªHeeefCe meefvle~

 `keÀë' Fefle Heoced `efkeÀced' (ke̳ee, What) Meyom³e ªHeced Deefmle~ `efkeÀced' Heom³e He´³eesieë He´Mveefvecee&Cee³e DeefHe
YeJeefle~
 `Sleled', `leled' SJeb `efkeÀced' Meyoeveeced ªHeeefCe ef$e<eg efue*dies<eg YeJeefvle~

17
QQ DeOegvee Sles<eeb meJe&veeceHeoeveeb efJeefYevveefue*dies<eg efueefKeleeefve ªHeeefCe HeM³evlegö
Sleled (Hegefuue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee S<eë Sleew Sles
efÜleer³ee Sleced Sleew Sleeved
le=leer³ee Slesve SleeY³eeced Slewë
®elegLeea Slemcew SleeY³eeced SlesY³eë
He_®eceer Slemceeled SleeY³eeced SlesY³eë
<e<þer Slem³e Sle³eesë Sles<eeced
meHleceer Sleefmceved Sle³eesë Sles<eg

Sleled (m$eerefue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee S<ee Sles Sleeë
efÜleer³ee Sleeced Sles Sleeë
le=leer³ee Sle³ee SleeY³eeced SleeefYeë
®elegLeea Slem³ew SleeY³eeced SleeY³eë
He_®eceer Slem³eeë SleeY³eeced SleeY³eë
<e<þer Slem³eeë Sle³eesë Sleemeeced
meHleceer Slem³eeced Sle³eesë Sleemeg

Sleled (veHegbmekeÀefue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee Sleled Sles Sleeefve
efÜleer³ee Sleled Sles Sleeefve
le=leer³ee Slesve SleeY³eeced Slewë
®elegLeea Slemcew SleeY³eeced SlesY³eë
He_®eceer Slemceeled SleeY³eeced SlesY³eë
<e<þer Slem³e Sle³eesë Sles<eeced
meHleceer Sleefmceved Sle³eesë Sles<eg

18
 leled (Hegefuue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee meë leew les
efÜleer³ee leced leew leeved
le=leer³ee lesve leeY³eeced lewë
®elegLeea lemcew leeY³eeced lesY³eë
He_®eceer lemceeled leeY³eeced lesY³eë
<e<þer lem³e le³eesë les<eeced
meHleceer leefmceved le³eesë les<eg

leled (m$eerefue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee mee les leeë
efÜleer³ee leeced les leeë
le=leer³ee le³ee leeY³eeced leeefYeë
®elegLeea lem³ew leeY³eeced leeY³eë
He_®eceer lem³eeë leeY³eeced leeY³eë
<e<þer lem³eeë le³eesë leemeeced
meHleceer lem³eeced le³eesë leemeg

leled (veHegbmekeÀefue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee leled les leeefve
efÜleer³ee leled les leeefve
le=leer³ee lesve leeY³eeced lewë
®elegLeea lemcew leeY³eeced lesY³eë
He_®eceer lemceeled leeY³eeced lesY³eë
<e<þer lem³e le³eesë les<eeced
meHleceer leefmceved le³eesë les<eg

19
 efkeÀced (Hegefuue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee keÀë keÀew kesÀ
efÜleer³ee keÀced keÀew keÀeved
le=leer³ee kesÀve keÀeY³eeced kewÀë
®elegLeea keÀmcew keÀeY³eeced kesÀY³eë
He_®eceer keÀmceeled keÀeY³eeced kesÀY³eë
<e<þer keÀm³e keÀ³eesë kesÀ<eeced
meHleceer keÀefmceved keÀ³eesë kesÀ<eg

efkeÀced (m$eerefue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee keÀe kesÀ keÀeë
efÜleer³ee keÀeced kesÀ keÀeë
le=leer³ee keÀ³ee keÀeY³eeced keÀeefYeë
®elegLeea keÀm³ew keÀeY³eeced keÀeY³eë
He_®eceer keÀm³eeë keÀeY³eeced keÀeY³eë
<e<þer keÀm³eeë keÀ³eesë keÀemeeced
meHleceer keÀm³eeced keÀ³eesë keÀemeg

efkeÀced (veHegbmekeÀefue*dies)

efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced

He´Lecee efkeÀced kesÀ keÀeefve
efÜleer³ee efkeÀced kesÀ keÀeefve
le=leer³ee kesÀve keÀeY³eeced kewÀë
®elegLeea keÀmcew keÀeY³eeced kesÀY³eë
He_®eceer keÀmceeled keÀeY³eeced kesÀY³eë
<e<þer keÀm³e keÀ³eesë kesÀ<eeced
meHleceer keÀefmceved keÀ³eesë kesÀ<eg

20
QQ `efkeÀced' meJe&veece-Heom³e He´³eesieë He´Mveefvecee&CeeLe&ced YeJeefle~ Dev³eeefve He´MveJee®ekeÀeefve DeJ³e³eHeoeefve
DeefHe meefvle ³es<eeb He´³eesieë He´Mveefvecee&CeeLe¥ YeJeefle~
keÀoe ö keÀye (When)

kegÀ$e ö keÀneB (Where)

keÀLeced ö kewÀmes/efkeÀme He´keÀej (How)

efkeÀceLe&ced ö efkeÀmeefueS (Why)

kegÀleë ö keÀneB mes (From where)

keÀefle ö efkeÀleves (How many)

vH;kl%
1. O³eevesve HeM³evleg Heþvleg DeJeie®ívleg efueKevleg ®e (See, read, understand and write carefully)ö
SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced
(Singular) (Dual) (Plural)

meë (Heg0) ------- meë-------- leew -------------- les --------------

(Jen, He)

mee (m$eer0) ------------------- les -------------- leeë --------------

(Jen, She)

keÀë (Heg0) ------------------- keÀew -------------- kesÀ --------------

(keÀewve, Who)

keÀe (m$eer0) ------------------- kesÀ -------------- keÀeë --------------

(keÀewve, Who)

S<eë (Heg0) ------------------- Sleew -------------- Sles --------------

(³en, This)

S<ee (m$eer0) ------------------- Sles -------------- Sleeë --------------

(³en, This)

21
 2. Gef®ele-meJe&veeceHeowë efjkeÌlemLeeveeefve Hetj³evleg (Fill in the blanks using appropriate pronouns)ö

Hegefuue*dies S<eë yeeuekeÀë Sleew yeeuekeÀew Sles yeeuekeÀeë

S<eë keÀë Sleew ------------- Sles -------------

m$eerefue*dies S<ee yeeefuekeÀe Sles yeeefuekesÀ Sleeë yeeefuekeÀeë

S<ee keÀe Sles ------------- Sleeë -------------

veHegbmekeÀefue*dies Sleled HegmlekeÀced Sles HegmlekesÀ Sleeefve HegmlekeÀeefve

Sleled efkeÀced Sles ------------- Sleeefve -------------

Hegefuue*dies meë íe$eë ------------ íe$eew ------------ íe$eeë

m$eerefue*dies mee íe$ee ------------ íe$es ------------ íe$eeë

veHegbmekeÀefue*dies leled HeÀueced ------------ HeÀues ------------ HeÀueeefve



22
pRokfj fiz;fe kf.k le=leer³eë
Heeþë

S<e ë keÀ®íHeë~

S<eë keÀekeÀë~
S<eë nefjCeë~
S<eë cet<ekeÀë~

Sleeefve ®elJeeefj efce$eeefCe meefvle~ Sleeefve efHe´³eefce$eeefCe meefvle~

Sleeefve efHe´³eefce$eeefCe SkeÀefmceved Jeves efceefuelJee Jemeefvle~

23
SkeÀoe nefjCeë otjced ie®íefle~ mee³e¹eueë YeJeefle Hejvleg meë ve Deeie®íefle~ cet<ekeÀë keÀekeÀë keÀ®íHeë ®e He´leer#eeb keÀgJe&efvle~ les
HejmHejb Jeelee&ueeHeb keÀgJe&efvle~
nefjCeë keÀg$e Deefmle? ve peeveeefce~

mee³e¹eueë YeJeefle Hejvleg nefjCeë ve Deeie®íefle~

efHe´³e efce$e nefjCe! lJeced keÀg$e
Deefme? keÀg$e Deefme lJeced? efce$e!
DemceekeÀced efce$eced DeOegvee efkeÀb meë mebkeÀìs
DeefHe ve Deeie®íled~ leg ve Deefmle? Denced De$e-le$e
HeM³eeefce~

24
 efce$e nefjCe! lJeced keÀg$e Deefme?

$eeefn ceeced $eeefn ceeced

keÀekeÀë nefjCeced HeM³eefle~ meë lem³e meceerHeb ie®íefle~ meë nefjCeb He=®íefle-

efce$e! Foced keÀLeced DeYeJeled?

SkeÀë J³eeOeë ceeced
Deye×led~

efle<þ! Denced leJe mene³eleeLe&ced

efce$eeefCe Deeve³eeefce~

efce$e! MeerIe´ced keÀg©~

25
keÀekeÀë Deeie®íefle~ keÀ®íHeë cet<ekeÀë ®e leb He=®íleëö

efce$e! kegÀ$e Deefmle DeOegvee efkeÀced

DemceekeÀced efce$eced?
efce$es! SkeÀëJ³eeOeë YeefJe<³eefle?
DemceekeÀced efce$eced mJepeeuesve ef®evleeb cee
Deyeàled~ keÀg©~ Denced peeueced
keÀefle&<³eeefce~

efkeÀvleg Denced le$e keÀLeced

ieefce<³eeefce?
Denced lJeeced mJeHe=<þs MeerIe´ced keÀg©~
ves<³eeefce~

26
 $eeefn ceeced!
DemceekeÀced efce$eced efce$e! HeM³e~
keÀg$e Deefmle?

efce$e! MeerIe´ced keÀg©,

efce$e! efle<þ~ DeeJeeced
J³eeOeë Deeieefce<³eefle~
Deeie®íeJeë~

cet<ekeÀë peeueb ke=Àvleefle~ nefjCeë cegkeÌleë YeJeefle~ meJesx He´mevveeë YetlJee ie®íefvle~

27
meJesx Hegveë He´mevveeë YetlJee efceefuelJee ®e megKesve Jemeefvle~

28
'kCnkFkkZ% Word-Meaning
keÀ®íHeë keÀígDee tortoise/turtle

keÀekeÀë keÀewDee crow

nefjCeë efnjCe deer

cet<ekeÀë ®etne mouse

Sleeefve ³es these

®elJeeefj ®eej four

meefvle nwQ are

efHe´³eefce$eeefCe De®ís H³eejs oesmle best friends

Jeves pebieue cesW in forest

Jemeefvle (Jes) jnles nwQ (they) live

SkeÀoe SkeÀ yeej once

meë Jen he

Deeie®íefle (Jen) Deelee nw (he) comes

kegÀJe&efvle (Jes) keÀjles nQ (they) do

les Jes they

Jeelee&ueeHeb yeele®eerle conversation

keÀg$e keÀneB where

ve venerR don't/no

peeveeefce (cewQ) peevelee ntB (I) know

DeOegvee Deye now

Deeie®íled (Jen) Dee³ee (he) came

mebkeÀìs cegmeeryele ceW in trouble

HeM³eeefce (ceQ) osKelee ntB (I) see

lJeced legce you

29
Deefme (legce) nes (you) are

$eeefn ye®eeDees, j#ee keÀjess protect

ceeced cegPes me

meceerHeb Heeme near

He=®íefle (Jen) Hetílee nw (he) asks

keÀLeced keÀwmes how

DeYeJeled ngDee happened

J³eeOeë efMekeÀejer hunter

Deye×led yeeBOe efue³ee trapped

mene³eleeLe&ced ceoo kesÀ efueS for help

MeerIe´ced peuoer quickly

mJepeeuesve DeHeves peeue mes with his net

YeefJe<³eefle nesiee will be

ef®evleeb ef]HeÀke´À worry

cee cele don't

keÀefle&<³eeefce (cewQ) keÀeì otBiee (I) will cut

lJeeced legcnW you

mJeHeã<þs DeHeveer Heerþ Hej on my back

ves<³eeefce (cewQ) ues peeT@Biee (I) will take

cegkeÌleë mJelev$e free

meJesx meye all

He´mevveeë He´mevve, KegMe happy

YetlJee neskeÀj on being

ie®íefvle (Jes) peeles nwQ (they) go

Hegveë efHeÀj again

megKesve megKe mes happily

30
 vH;kl%
1. Sleeefve keÀLeveeefve Meg×eefve DeMeg×eefve Jee Jeovleg efueKevleg ®eö
keÀLeveeefve GÊejeefCe

(i) ®elJeeefj efHe´³eefce$eeefCe Jeves Jemeefvle~ -------------------

Meg×ced
(ii) SkeÀoe nefjCeë otjb ie®íefle~ -------------------

(iii) J³eeOeë keÀ®íHeb peeuesve Deye×led~ -------------------

(iv) cet<ekeÀë peeueb ke=Àvleefle~ -------------------

(v) keÀ®íHeë De$e-le$e HeM³eefle~ -------------------

(vi) meJex He´mevveeë YetlJee megKesve Jemeefvle~ -------------------

2. ce_pet<ee³eeb He´oÊe-Heowë efjkeÌlemLeeveeefve Hetj³evlegö

(i) ®elJeeefj efce$eeefCe efceefuelJee --------------- Jemeefvle~ keÀekeÀë
(ii) nefjCeë ------------------ ie®íefle~ Jeelee&ueeHeb
(iii) les HejmHejb --------------- kegÀJe&efvle~ Jeves
(iv) ------------------ nefjCeced HeM³eefle~ nefjCeë

(v) ------------------ cegkeÌleë DeYeJeled~ otjced

3. Gef®eleb efJeHejerleb Heob ef®elJee efueKevlegö
(i) otjced ------------------------------ efKevveeë
(ii) mee³e¹eueë ------------------------------ ogëKesve
(iii) He´mevveeë ------------------------------ He´eleëkeÀeueë
(iv) megKesve ------------------------------ ye×ë
(v) cegkeÌleë ------------------------------ meceerHeced

31
 4. Sles<eeced He´Mveeveeced GÊejeefCe SkeÀHeosve Jeovleg efueKevleg ®eö
keÀë otjb ie®íefle?
(i) (nefjCeë, keÀekeÀë)

------------------------------------

nefjCeced keÀë Deye×led?

(ii) (ke=À<ekeÀë, J³eeOeë)

------------------------------------

mebkeÀìs keÀë Deemeerled?

(iii) (keÀekeÀë, nefjCeë)

------------------------------------

peeueced keÀë Deke=Àvleled?

(iv) (cet<ekeÀë, keÀ®íHeë)

------------------------------------

kesÀ He´mevveeë DeYeJeved?

(v) (®elJeeefj efce$eeefCe, meJex peveeë)

------------------------------------

5. Sles<eeced He´Mveeveeced GllejeefCe HetCe&Jeeke̳esve Jeovleg efueKevleg ®eö

®elJeeefj efce$eeefCe kegÀ$e Jemeefvle mce?
(i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

kesÀ He´leer#eeb kegÀJe&efvle?
(ii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

J³eeOeë nefjCeced kesÀve Deye×led?
(iii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cet<ekebÀ nefjCem³e meceerHes keÀë Deve³eled?
(iv)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

keÀë keÀLe³eefleö `$eeefn ceeced, $eeefn ceeced'?
(v)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Sleeefve Jeeke̳eeefve keÀLeeke´Àceevegmeejb ³eespeef³elJee Heþvleg efueKevleg ®eö
keÀekeÀë cet<ekeÀced nefjCem³e meceerHeced Deve³eled~
(i)
SkeÀoe SkeÀë J³eeOeë nefjCeced peeuesve Deye×led~
(ii)
nefjCem³e efce$eeefCe lem³e He´leer#eeced DekegÀJe&ved~
(iii)
nefjCeë cegkeÌleë DeYeJeled~
(iv)
cet<ekeÀë peeueced Deke=Àvleled~
(v)

32
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v)

7. Gef®eleHeowë Jeeke̳eeefve j®e³evlegö

S<eë cet<ekeÀë OeeJeefle

meë nefjCeë ie®íefle

De$e De$e Keeoefle

le$e keÀ®íHeë GlHeleefle

J³eeOeë keÀekeÀë Deeie®íefle

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
J³eeOeë De$e Deeie®íefle~
³eLeeëö (i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v)

QQ cetu³eelcekeÀë He´Mveë
YeJeeved/YeJeleer Heeþs ®elegCee&ced efce$eeCeeced efJe<e³es DeHeþled~ Yekeleeced keÀefle efce$eeefCe meefvle? YeJeeved/YeJeleer efce$ewë men
keÀer¢Meb J³eJenejb keÀjesefle? kesÀ<eeef_®eled $e³eeCeeb keÀe³ee&Ceeced GuuesKeb kegÀ©~

33
QQ ieefleefJeefOeë
1. DeOeesefueefKele-leeefuekeÀe³eeced HeMeg-Heef#eCeeced veeceeefve GoenjCeevegmeejb ef®eÚerkegÀ©leö

Jee Heë ve Jee me He&ë ie peë

efmeb në jë ve keÀ ®í Heë

ie ìë keÀ jë ³eë

n Heë Oes cet

mee j ®e lee efj keÀë <e jë

efj ì ueë Ceë ve keÀë j Meg

<e keÀe keÀë ye keÀë

kegÀ He Meg De pee He

kegÀ keÌkegÀ ìë keÀ MJeë Me Oes keÀë

<eë jë keÀ Íe= iee ueë në vegë Jeë

2. GHeefjefueefKeleöleeefuekeÀe³eeb ef®eÚerke=Àleeefve HeMeg-Heef#eCeeced veeceeefve DeOeë efueKevlegö

-------------------- --------------------
efmebnë -------------------- --------------------

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

-------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------

34
 O;kdj.ke ~
Demceodö³eg<ceodömeJe&veeceöªHeeefCe
[Forms of Pronouns—I, You]

megOee ö Denb megOee Deefmce~ lJeb keÀë Deefme? efoJeekeÀjë ö Denb efoJeekeÀjë Deefmce~ lJeb efkebÀ keÀjesef<e?
megOee ö Denb Heþeefce~ lJeb efkebÀ keÀjesef<e? efoJeekeÀjë ö Denced DeefHe Heþeefce~ lJeb kegÀ$e Heþefme?
megOee ö Denb [er.S.Jeer. efJeÐeeue³es Heþeefce~ lJeb kegÀ$e efoJeekeÀjë ö Denced DeefHe [er.S.Jeer. efJeÐeeue³es Heþeefce~
Heþefme? Denb le$e mebmke=Àleb Heþeefce~ efkebÀ lJeced DeefHe
mebmke=Àleb Heþefme?
megOee ö Deeced, Denced DeefHe mebmke=Àleb Heþeefce~ DeeJeeced efoJeekeÀjë ö Deeced! Denb mee³e¹eues ke´Àer[eefce~ cece
GYeew mebmke=Àleb HeþeJeë~ efkebÀ lJeb mee³e¹eues efce$eeefCe DeefHe Kesueefvle~
Kesueefme?
megOee ö cece efce$eeefCe DeefHe Kesueefvle~ efoJeekeÀjë ö Je³eb meJex ke´Àer[eceë~
Deefmceved mebJeeos `Denb' `Je³eced' Fefle Heoܳeced `Demceod' meJe&veeceMeyom³e Üs ªHes mleë~ SJecesJe `lJeb' Heob `³eg<ceod'
meJe&veeceMeyom³e ªHeced Deefmle~ DeOegvee Je³eb Sle³eesë ªHeeefCe Heefþ<³eeceë~
efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced
He´Lecee Denced DeeJeeced Je³eced
efÜleer³ee ceeced DeeJeeced Demceeved
le=leer³ee ce³ee DeeJeeY³eeced DemceeefYeë
®elegLeea cend³eced DeeJeeY³eeced DemceY³eced
He_®eceer celed DeeJeeY³eeced Demceled
<e<þer cece DeeJe³eesë DemceekeÀced
meHleceer ceef³e DeeJe³eesë Demceemeg

35
 SJecesJe `³eg<ceod' meJe&veeceMeyom³e ªHeeefCe DeefHe YeJeefvleö
efJeYeefkeÌleë SkeÀJe®eveced efÜJe®eveced yengJe®eveced
He´Lecee lJeced ³egJeeced ³et³eced
efÜleer³ee lJeeced ³egJeeced ³eg<ceeved
le=leer³ee lJe³ee ³egJeeY³eeced ³eg<ceeefYeë
®elegLeea legY³eced ³egJeeY³eeced ³eg<ceY³eced
He_®eceer lJeled ³egJeeY³eeced ³eg<celed
<e<þer leJe ³egJe³eesë ³eg<ceekeÀced
meHleceer lJeef³e ³egJe³eesë ³eg<ceemeg

vH;kl%
1. ce_pet<ee³eeë Gef®eleHeoeefve ie=nerlJee DeOeesefueefKeleb Jeelee&ueeHeb Hetj³eleö

ce_pet<ee
íe$eeë ö vecees veceë ceneso³e! lJe³ee
Dee®ee³e&ë ö Yees íe$eeë~ Deeie®íle --------------------- mJeeieleced Deefmle~
cece
íe$eeë ö Oev³eJeeoeë~
Demceeved
Dee®ee³e&ë ö efJeJeskeÀ! --------------------- men S<eë veJeerveë íe$eë keÀë Deefmle?
efJeJeskeÀë ö ceneso³e! --------------------- men cece veJeerveb efce$eced efJeveerleë Deefmle~ ³eg<ceekeÀced
Dee®ee³e&ë ö efkebÀ --------------------- efce$eced De$ewJe Heefþ<³eefle?
³et³eced
efJeJeskeÀë ö Deeced --------------------- efce$eced De$ewJe Heefþ<³eefle~
ce³ee
Dee®ee³e&ë ö Demleg!DeÐe --------------------- efkeÀced Heefþ<³eLe?
íe$eeë ö ceneso³e!--------------------- J³eekeÀjCeced GHeefoMeleg (Heeþ³eleg) YeJeeved~ leJe

36
 2. DeOeesefueefKeles<eg Jeeke̳es<eg mLetueHeoeefve yengJe®eves HeefjJele&³evlegö

Denced <e<þer-keÀ#ee³eeë íe$ee Deefmce~ lJeced keÀm³eeë keÀ#ee³eeë íe$ee Deefme? Denced efce$ewë men efJeÐeeue³eb ie®íeefce~
lJeced kesÀve men efJeÐeeue³eb ie®íefme? le$e vejsMeë ceneso³eë ceeced mebmke=Àleced Heeþ³eefle~ lJeeced mebmke=Àleced keÀë Heeþ³eefle?
cece efce$eeefCe cend³eced Yeespeveb ³e®íefvle~ efkeÀced leJe efce$eeefCe legY³eced Yeespeveb ³e®íefvle? cece DeO³eeHekeÀeë DeO³eeefHekeÀeë
®e ceef³e efJeMJemeefvle~ efkeÀced leJe DeO³eeHekeÀeë DeO³eeefHekeÀeë ®e lJeef³e efJeMJemeefvle?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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

37