Zoology

PROF.
RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Department of Higher Education

Government of Uttar Pradesh
Lucknow
National Education Policy-2020

Common Minimum Syllabus for all UP State Universities and Colleges
For First Three Years of Higher Education (UG)
SUBJECT: ZOOLOGY
PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY,

MIRZAPUR ROAD, NAINI, PRAYAGRAJ-211010
WWW.PRSUNIV.AC.IN
1
PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ
Name Designation Affiliation

Steering Committee
Mrs. Monika S. Garg, (I.A.S.) Additional Chief Secretary Dept. of Higher Education U.P., Lucknow
Chairperson Steering
Committee
Prof. Poonam Tandan Professor, Lucknow University, U.P.
Dept. of Physics
Prof. Hare Krishna Professor, CCS University Meerut, U.P.
Dept. of Statistics
Dr. Dinesh C. Sharma Associate Professor, K.M. Govt. Girls P.G. College Badalpur, G.B.
Dept. of Zoology Nagar, U.P.
Supervisory Committee-Science Faculty
Dr. Vijay Kumar Singh Associate Professor, Agra College, Agra
Dept. of Zoology
Dr. Santosh Singh Dean, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidhyapeeth, Varanasi
Dept. of Agriculture
Dr. Baby Tabussam Associate Professor, Govt. Raza P.G. College Rampur, U.P.
Dept. of Zoology
Dr. Sanjay Jain Associate Professor, St. John’s College, Agra
Dept. of Statistics
Syllabus Developed by:
S.No. Name Designation Department College/University

1. Dr. Monisha Banerjee Professor & Dean, Zoology University of Lucknow,
Research Lucknow
2. Dr. Samar Vir Singh Rathore Assistant Professor Zoology St. John’s College, Agra
3. Dr. Praveen Ojha Assistant Professor Zoology Kishori Raman PG College,
Mathura
Semester-wise Titles of the Papers in B.Sc. (Zoology)
Year Semester Course Code Paper Title Theory/Practical Credits
I B050101T Cytology, Genetics and Infectious Diseases Theory 04
1 I B050102P Cell Biology and Cytogenetics Lab Practical 02
II B050201T Biochemistry and Physiology Theory 04
II B050202P Physiological, Biochemical &Hematology Lab Practical 02
III B050301T Molecular Biology, Bioinstrumentation &Biotechniques Theory 04
III B050302P Bioinstrumentation& Molecular Biology Lab Practical 02
2 IV B050401T Gene Technology, Immunology and Computational Theory 04
Biology
IV B050402P Genetic Engineering and Counselling Lab Practical 02
V B050501T Diversity of Non-Chordates, Parasitology and Economic Theory 04
Zoology
V B050502T Diversity of Chordates and Comparative Anatomy Theory 04
V B050503P Lab on Virtual Dissection, Anatomy, Economic Zoology Practical 02
and Parasitology
3 V B050504R Research Project Project qualifying
VI B050601T Evolutionary and Developmental Biology Theory 04
VI B050602T Ecology, Ethology, Environmental Science and Wildlife Theory 04
VI B050603P Lab on Environmental Science, Behavioral Ecology, Practical 02
Developmental Biology, Wildlife, Ethology
VI B050604R Research Project Project qualifying
2
Semester wise Structure of UG Program in Zoology

Course Teaching
Programme/Year Semester Paper Title Credits
Codes Hours
I B050101T Cytology, Genetics and
04 60
Infectious Diseases
1
Certificate I B050102P Cell Biology & Cytogenetics Lab 02 60
Course in
II B050201T Biochemistry and Physiology 04 60
Medical
Diagnostics & B050202P Physiological, Biochemical
Public Health II
&Hematology Lab 02 60
III B050301T Molecular Biology,

Bioinstrumentation & 04 60
2 Biotechniques
Diploma in III B050302P Bioinstrumentation &
Molecular Molecular Biology Lab 02 60
Diagnostics and
Genetic IV B050401T Gene Technology, Immunology
and Computational Biology 04 60
Counselling
IV B050402P Genetic Engineering and
Counselling Lab 02 60
V B050501T Diversity of Non-Chordates,

Parasitology and Economic 04 60
Zoology
V B050502T Diversity of Chordates and
Comparative Anatomy 04 60
3 B050503P Lab on Virtual Dissection,
Degree in V
Anatomy, Economic Zoology 02 60
Bachelor of
and Parasitology
Science
V B050504R Research Project qualifying -
VI B050601T Evolutionary and

Developmental Biology 04 60
VI B050602T Ecology, Ethology,

Environmental Science and 04 60
Wildlife
VI B050603P Lab on Environmental Science,
Behavioral Ecology,
Developmental Biology, 02 60
Wildlife, Ethology
VI B050604R Research Project qualifying -
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Subject prerequisite
To study Zoology in undergraduate, a student must have studied Biology,
Biotechnology or Life Science in Class 12.
Programme Objectives (POs)
1. The programme has been designed in such a way so that the students get the flavour of
both classical and modern aspects of Zoology/Animal Sciences. It aims to enable the
students to study animal diversity in Indian subcontinent, environmental science and
behavioural ecology.
2. The modern areas including cell biology and genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry,
physiology followed by biostatistics, Evolutionary biology, bioinformatics and genetic
engineering have been included to make the study of animals more interesting and
relevant to human studies which is the requirement in recent times.
3. The lab courses have been designed in such a way that students will be trained to join
public or private labs.
Certificate Course in Medical Diagnostics & Public Health

B.Sc I Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
PSO1 This course introduces System Biology and various functional
components of an organism. Emphasis will be on physiological
understanding abnormalities and anomalies associated with white blood
cells and red blood cells. The course emphasizes cell identification, cell
differentiation and cell morphology evaluation procedures. This will
enhance hematology analytical skills along with skill of using many
instruments.
PSO 2 The students will learn the basic principles of genetics and how to
prepare karyotypes to study the chromosomes.
PSO 3 How chromosomal aberrations are inherited in humans by pedigree
analysis in families.
PSO 4 The students will have hands-on training in the techniques like
microscopy, centrifugation and chromatography, and various
biochemical techniques, preparation of slides which will help them in
getting employment in pathology labs and contribute to health care
system.
PSO 5 The Certificate courses will enable students to apply for technical
positions in government and private labs/institutes.
4
Diploma in Molecular Diagnostics and Genetic Counselling

B.Sc II Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
PSO1 The student at the completion of the course will be able to have a detailed
and conceptual understanding of molecular processes viz. DNA to trait. The
differential regulation of genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes leads to the
development of an organism from an embryo.
PSO 2 The students will be able to understand and apply the principles and
techniques of molecular biology which prepares students for further career
in molecular biology. Independently execute a laboratory experiment using
the standard methods and techniques.
PSO 3 The principles of genetic engineering, gene cloning, immunology and
related technologies will enable students to play an important role in
applications of biotechnology in various fields like agriculture, forensic
sciences, industry and human health and make a career out of it. Students
can have their own start-ups as well.
PSO 4 The basic tools of bioinformatics will enable students to analyze large
amount of genomic data and its application to evolutionary biology.Apply
knowledge and awareness of the basic principles and concepts of biology,
computer science and mathematics existing software effectively to extract
information from large databases and to use this information in computer
modeling.
PSO 5 The Diploma courses will ensure employability in Hospitals/Diagnostics
and Pathology labs with good hands-on training. It will also enable
students to take up higher studies and Research as their career and work
in renowned labs in the country and abroad.
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Degree in Bachelor of Science

B.Sc III Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
PSO1  This programme aims to introduce students to animal diversity of
invertebrates and vertebrates. The students will be taught about
invertebrates and vertebrates using observational strategies, museum
specimens and field reports.
PSO 2  A variety of interacting processes generate an organism’s heterogeneous
shapes, size, and structural features.
PSO 3  Inclusion of ecology and environmental sciences will enrich students with
our world which is crucial for human well being and prosperity. This section
will provide new knowledge of the interdependence between people and
nature that is vital for food production, maintaining clean air and water,
and sustaining biodiversity in a changing climate.
PSO 4  Students will also come to know about the basic principle of life, how a cell
divides leading to the growth of an organism and also reproduces to form
new organisms.
PSO 5  The basic concepts of biosystematics, evolutionary biology and biodiversity
will enable students to solve the biological problems related to
environment.
PSO 6  At the end of the course the students will be capable enough to
comprehend the reason behind such a huge diversity of animals and reason
out why two animals are grouped together or remain separate
due to similarities and differences which exist at many levels along with
ecological, environmental and cellular inputs.
PSO 7  The Degree courses will enable students to go for higher studies like
Masters and Ph.D in Zoology and Allied subjects.
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Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Semester - I
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code: B050101T Course Title: Cytology, Genetics and Infectious Diseases
Course outcomes:
The student at the completion of the course will be able to:
 Understand the structure and function of all the cell organelles.
 Know about the chromatin structure and its location.
 To be familiar with the basic principle of life, how a cell divides leading to the growth of an organism
and also reproduces to form new organisms.
 How one cell communicates with its neighboring cells?
 Understand the basic principles of genetics and how genes (earlier called factors) are inherited from
one generation to another.
 Understand the Mendel’s laws and the deviations from conventional patterns of inheritance.
 Comprehend how environment plays an important role by interacting with genetic factors.
 How to detect chromosomal aberrations in humans and study the pattern of inheritance by pedigree
analysis in families.
Credits: 4 Core:Compulsory
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 33
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P:4-0-0

Unit Topics Total No. of
Lectures (60)
I Structure and Function of Cell Organelles I 6
 Plasma membrane: chemical structure—lipids and proteins
 Cell-cell interaction: cell adhesion molecules, cellular junctions
 Endomembrane system: protein targeting and sorting, endocytosis,
exocytosis
Introduction to all national and international Biologists (Zoologists)

who have contributed/contributing to Zoological and Life Sciences
as a mark of tribute to ancient and modern biology will be included
as part of the Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE)
II Structure and Function of Cell Organelles II 6

 Cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
 Mitochondria: Structure, oxidative phosphorylation
 Peroxisome and ribosome: structure and function
III Nucleus and Chromatin Structure 8

 Structure and function of nucleus in eukaryotes
 Chemical structure and base composition of DNA and RNA
 DNA supercoiling, chromatin organization, structure of
chromosomes
 Types of DNA and RNA
7
IV Cell cycle, Cell Division and Cell Signalling 8

 Cell division: mitosis and meiosis
 Cell cycle and its regulation, apoptosis
 Signal transduction: intracellular signaling and cell surface receptors,
via G-protein linked receptors, JAK-STAT pathway
V Mendelism and Sex Determination 8

 Basic principles of heredity: Mendel’s laws, monohybrid and
dihybrid crosses
 Complete and Incomplete Dominance
 Penetrance and expressivity
 Genic Sex-Determining Systems, Environmental Sex Determination,
Sex Determination in Drosophila, Sex Determination in Humans
 Sex-linked characteristics and Dosage compensation
VI Extensions of Mendelism, Genes and Environment 8

 Extensions of Mendelism: Multiple Alleles, Gene Interaction
 The Interaction Between Sex and Heredity: Sex-Influenced and Sex-
Limited Characteristics
 Cytoplasmic Inheritance, Genetic Maternal Effects
 Genomic Imprinting, Anticipation
 Interaction Between Genes and Environment: Environmental Effects
on Gene Expression, Inheritance of Continuous Characteristics
VII Human Chromosomes and Patterns of Inheritance 8

 Human karyotype
 Chromosomal anomalies: Structural and numerical aberrations with
examples
 Pedigree analysis
 Patterns of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive,
X-linked recessive, X-linked dominant
VIII Infectious Diseases 8

 Introduction to pathogenic organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi,
protozoa, and worms.
 Structure, life cycle, pathogenicity, including diseases, causes,
symptoms and control of common parasites: Trypanosoma, Giardia
and Wuchereria
Suggested Readings:
1. Lodish et al: Molecular Cell Biology: Freeman & Co, USA (2004).
2. Alberts et al: Molecular Biology of the Cell: Garland (2002).
3. Cooper: Cell: A Molecular Approach: ASM Press (2000).
4. Karp: Cell and Molecular Biology: Wiley (2002). Pierce B. Genetics. Freeman (2004).
5. Lewin B. Genes VIII. Pearson (2004).
6. Watson et al. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Pearson (2004).
7. Thomas J. Kindt, Richard A. Goldsby, Barbara A. Osborne, Janis KubyKuby Immunology. W H
Freeman (2007).
8. Delves Peter J., Martin Seamus J., Burton Dennis R., Roitt Ivan M. Roitt's Essential Immunology,
13th Edition. Wiley Blackwell (2017).
9. Shetty Nandini Immunology Introductory Textbook. New Age International. (2005)
8
Course Books published in Hindi may be prescribed by the Universities and Colleges
Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have had the subject biology in class/12th
Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:
Total Marks: 25
House Examination/Test: 10 Marks
Written Assignment/Presentation/Project / Term Papers/Seminar: 10 Marks
Class performance/Participation: 5 Marks
Further Suggestions: None
At the End of the whole syllabus any remarks/ suggestions: None
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Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Semester - I
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code: B050102P Course Title: Cell Biology & Cytogenetics Lab
Course outcomes:
At the completion of the course students will learn Hands-on:
1. To use simple and compound microscopes.
2. To prepare slides and stain them to see the cell organelles.
3. To be familiar with the basic principle of life, how a cell divides leading to the growth of an organism
and also reproduces to form new organisms.
4. The chromosomal aberrations by preparing karyotypes.
5. How chromosomal aberrations are inherited in humans by pedigree analysis in families.
6. The antigen-antibody reaction.

Lectures (60)
I 1. To study different cell typessuch asbuccal epithelial cells, neurons, 15
striated muscle cells using Methylene blue.
2. To study the different stages of Mitosis in root tip of onion.
3. To study the different stages of Meiosis in grasshopper testis.
4. To prepare molecular models of nucleotides, amino acids, dipeptides
using bead and stick method.
5. To check the permeability of cells using salt solution of different
concentrations.
II 1. Study of parasites (eg. Protozoans, helminths etc.) from permanent 15
slides.
2. To learn the procedures for preparation of temporary and permanent
stained/unstained slides.
III 1. Study of mutant phenotypes of Drosophila. 15

2. Preparation of polytene chromosomes.
3. Study of sex chromatin (Barr bodies) in buccal smear and hair bud
cells (Human).
4. Preparation of human karyotype and study the chromosomal
aberrations with respect to number, translocation, deletion etc.
from the pictures provided.
5. To prepare family pedigrees.
IV Virtual Labs (Suggestive sites) 15
https://www.vlab.co.in
https://zoologysan.blogspot.com
www.vlab.iitb.ac.in/vlab
www.onlinelabs.in
www.powershow.com
https://vlab.amrita.edu
https://sites.dartmouth.edu
10
Suggested Readings:
4. Karp: Cell and Molecular Biology: Wiley (2002). Pierce B. Genetics. Freeman (2004).
5. Thomas J. Kindt, Richard A. Goldsby, Barbara A. Osborne, Janis KubyKuby Immunology. W H
Freeman (2007).
6. Kesar, Saroj and Vashishta N. (2007). Experimental Physiology: Comprehensive Manual. Heritage
Publishers, New Delhi
Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have had the subject biology in class/12 th
The eligibility for this paper is 10+2 from Arts/ Commerce/ Science
Total Marks: 25

At the End of the whole syllabus any remarks/suggestions: University must ensure
incorporation of all 04 units including virtual labs in practical evaluation.
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Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Semester - II
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code: B050201T Course Title: Biochemistry and Physiology

Course outcomes:
The student at the completion of the course will learn:

 To develop a deep understanding of structure of biomolecules like proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
 How simple molecules together form complex macromolecules.
 To understand the thermodynamics of enzyme catalyzed reactions.
 Mechanisms of energy production at cellular and molecular levels.
 To understand systems biology and various functional components of an organism.
 To explore the complex network of these functional components.
 To comprehend the regulatory mechanisms for maintenance of function in the body.

Lectures (60)
I Structure and Function of Biomolecules 8
 Structure and Biological importance of carbohydrates

(Monosaccharides, Disaccharides,Polysaccharides and
Glycoconjugates)
 Lipids (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Tri-acylglycerols,
Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Steroids)
 Structure, Classification and General properties of α-amino acids;
Essential and non-essential α-amino acids, Levels of organization in
proteins; Simple and conjugate proteins.
II Enzyme Action and Regulation 8
 Nomenclature and classification of enzymes; Cofactors; Specificity of

enzyme action
 Isozymes; Mechanism of enzyme action
 Enzyme kinetics; Factors affecting rate of enzyme-catalyzed
reactions; Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation, Concept of Km
and Vmax, Lineweaver-Burk plot; Enzyme inhibition;
 Allosteric enzymes and their kinetics; Regulation of enzyme action
III M Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Lipids 8
 Metabolism of Carbohydrates: glycolysis, citric acid cycle,

gluconeogenesis, phosphate pentose pathway
 Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis
 Lipids --- Biosynthesis of palmitic acid; Ketogenesis,
12
 β-oxidation and omega -oxidation of saturated fatty acids with even

and odd number of carbon atoms
IV Metabolism of Proteins and Nucleotides 6
 Catabolism of amino acids: Transamination, Deamination, Urea cycle

 Nucleotides and vitamins
 Review of mitochondrial respiratory chain, Oxidative
phosphorylation, and its regulation
V Digestion and Respiration 7
 Structural organization and functions of gastrointestinal tract and

associated glands
 Mechanical and chemical digestion of food; Absorptions of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals and vitamins;
Histology of trachea and lung
 Mechanism of respiration, Pulmonary ventilation; Respiratory
volumes and capacities; Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
blood Respiratory pigments, Dissociation curves and the factors
influencing it; Control of respiration
VI Circulation and Excretion 8
 Components of blood and their functions

 Haemostasis: Blood clotting system, Blood groups: Rh factor, ABO
and MN
 Structure of mammalian heart
 Cardiac cycle; Cardiac output and its regulation, Electrocardiogram,
Blood pressure and its regulation
 Structure of kidney and its functional unit; Mechanism of urine
formation
VII Nervous System and Endocrinology 8
 Structure of neuron, resting membrane potential

 Origin of action potential and its propagation across the myelinated
and unmyelinated nerve fibers
 Types of synapse
 Endocrine glands - pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas,
adrenal; hormones secreted by them
 Classification of hormones; Mechanism of Hormone action
VIII Muscular System 7
Histology of different types of muscle; Ultra structure of skeletal muscle;

Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction; Characteristics of
muscle twitch; Motor unit, summation and tetanus
Suggested Readings:
1. Nelson & Cox: Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry: McMillan (2000)

2. Zubayet al: Principles of Biochemistry: WCB (1995)
3. Voet&Voet: Biochemistry Vols 1 & 2: Wiley (2004)
4. Murray et al: Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry: McGraw Hill (2003) Elliott and Elliott:
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Oxford University Press
13
5. Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology. XI Edition. Hercourt Asia PTE Ltd. /W.B.
Saunders Company. (2006).
6. Tortora, G.J. & Grabowski, S. Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. XI Edition John Wiley & sons
(2006).
7. Christopher D. Moyes, Patricia M. Schulte. Principles of Animal Physiology. 3rd Edition, Pearson
Education (2016).
8. Hill, Richard W., et al. Animal physiology. Vol. 2. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, (2004).
9. Chatterjee C C Human Physiology Volume 1 & 2. 11th edition. CBS Publishers(2016).
Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have had the subject biology in class/12th
Total Marks: 25

14
Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Semester - II
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code: B050202P Course Title: Physiological, Biochemical & Hematology Lab
Course outcomes:
 Understand the structure of biomolecules like proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
 Perform basic hematological laboratory testing,
 Distinguish normal and abnormal hematological laboratory findings to predict the diagnosis of
hematological disorders and diseases.
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: as per rules

Lectures (60)
I 1. Estimation of haemoglobin using Sahli’shaemoglobinometer 20
2. Preparation of haemin and haemochromogen crystals
3. Counting of RBCs and WBCs using Haemocytometer
4. To study different mammalian blood cell types using Leishman stain.
5. Recording of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer
6. Recording of blood glucose level by using glucometer
II 1. Study of permanent slides of Mammalian skin, Cartilage, Bone, 15

Spinal cord, Nerve cell, Pituitary, Pancreas, Testis, Ovary, Adrenal,
Thyroid and Parathyroid
2. Recording of simple muscle twitch with electrical stimulation (or
Virtual)
3. Demonstration of the unconditioned reflex action (Deep tendon
reflex such as knee jerk reflex)
III 10
1. Ninhydrin test for -amino acids.
2. Benedict’s test for reducing sugar and iodine test for starch.
3. Test for sugar and acetone in urine.
4. Qualitative tests of functional groups in carbohydrates, proteins and
lipids.
5. Action of salivary amylase under optimum conditions.

1. https://www.vlab.co.in
2. https://zoologysan.blogspot.com
3. www.vlab.iitb.ac.in/vlab
4. www.onlinelabs.in
5. www.powershow.com
6. https://vlab.amrita.edu
7. https://sites.dartmouth.edu
15
Suggested Readings:
1. Cox, M.M and Nelson, D.L. (2008). Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, V Edition, W.H. Freeman and
Co., New York.
2. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L. and Stryer, L. (2007). Biochemistry, VI Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
3. Guyton, A.C. & Hall, J.E. (2006). Textbook of Medical Physiology. XI Edition. Hercourt Asia PTE Ltd. /W.B.
Saunders Company.
4. Tortora, G.J. & Grabowski, S. (2006). Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. XI Edition John Wiley & sons
5. Victor P. Eroschenko. (2008). diFiore’s Atlas of Histology with Functional correlations. XII Edition.Lippincott
W. & Wilkins.
6. Arey, L.B. (1974). Human Histology. IV Edition. W.B. Saunders.
7. Kesar, Saroj and Vashishta N. (2007). Experimental Physiology: Comprehensive Manual. Heritage
Publishers, New Delhi
Course prerequisites: To study this course, a student must have had the subject biology in class/12 th
The eligibility for this paper is 10+2 from Arts/ Commerce/ Science
Total Marks: 25
Class performance/Participation:5 Marks

At the End of the whole syllabus any remarks/ suggestions: University must ensure
16
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second Semester-III
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code:B050301T Course Title: Molecular Biology, Bioinstrumentation &

Biotechniques
Course outcomes:
The student at the completion of the course will be able to have:
 A detailed and conceptual understanding of molecular processes viz. DNA to trait.
 A clear understanding of the processes of central dogma viz. transcription, translation etc. underlying
survival and propagation of life at molecular level.
 Understanding of how genes are ultimately expressed as proteins which are responsible for the
structure and function of all organisms.
 Learn how four sequences (3 letter codons) generate the transcripts of life and determine the
phenotypes of organisms.
 How genes are regulated differently at different time and place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Unit Topic Total No. of
Lectures (60)
I Process of Transcription 7
 Fine structure of gene

 RNA polymerases
 Transcription factors and machinery
 Formation of initiation complex
 Initiation, elongation and termination of transcription
in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
II Process of Translation 7
 The Genetic code

 Ribosome
 Factors involved in translation
 Aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity,
aminoacyltRNAsynthetase
 Initiation, elongation and termination of translation in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
III Regulation of Gene Expression I 8
 Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes: lac and

trpoperons in E. coli
 Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes: Role of
chromatin in gene expression
 Regulation at transcriptional level, Post-transcriptional
17
modifications: Capping, Splicing, Polyadenylation

 RNA editing.
IV Regulation of Gene Expression II 8
 Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes:

 Regulation at translational level, Post- translational
modifications: protein folding etc.
 Intracellular protein degradation
 Gene silencing, RNA interference (RNAi)
V Principle and Types of Microscopes 6
 Principle of Microscopy and Applications

 Types of Microscopes: light microscopy, dark field
microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy,
 Fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy,
electron microscopy
VI Centrifugation and Chromatography 8
 Principle of Centrifugation
 Types of Centrifuges: high speed and ultracentrifuge
 Types of rotors: Vertical, Swing-out, Fixed-angle etc.
 Principle and Types of Chromatography: paper, ion-
exchange, gel filtration, HPLC, affinity
VII Spectrophotometry and Biochemical Techniques 8
 Biochemical techniques: Measurement of pH,

Preparation of buffers and solutions
 Principle of Colorimetry/Spectrophotometry: Beer-
Lambert law
 Measurement, applications and safety measures of
radio-tracer techniques
VIII Molecular Techniques 8
 Detection of nucleic acid by gel electrophoresis

 DNA sequencingDNA fingerprinting, RFLP
 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
 Detection of proteins, PAGE, ELISA, Western blotting
Suggested Readings:
4. Karp: Cell and Molecular Biology: Wiley (2002).
5. Watson et al. Molecular Biology of the Gene. Pearson (2004).
6. Lewin. Genes VIII. Pearson (2004).
7. Pierce B. Genetics. Freeman (2004).
8. Sambrooket al .Molecular Cloning Vols I, II, III. CSHL (2001).
9. Primrose. Molecular Biotechnology. Panima (2001).
10. Clark & Switzer. Experimental Biochemistry. Freeman (2000)
18
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:
The eligibility for this paper is 10+2 with Biology as one of the subject


..………………………………………………………………………………………………
19
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second Semester-III
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code:B050302P Course Title: Bioinstrumentation & Molecular Biology Lab

Course outcomes:
The student at the completion of the course will be able to
 Understand the basic principles of microscopy, working of different types of microscopes

 Understand the basic techniques of centrifugation and chromatography for studying cells and separation
of biomolecules
 Understand the principle of measuring the concentrations of macromolecules in solutions by colorimeter
and spectrophotometer and use them in Biochemistry.
 Learn about some of the commonly used advance DNA testing methods.
Credits: 2 Core: Compulsory
Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P: 0-0-4

Lectures (60)
I 1. To study the working principle and Simple, 15
Compound and Binocular microscopes.
2. To study the working principle of various lab
equipments such as pH Meter, Electronic
balance, use of glass and micropipettes, Laminar
flow, Incubator, Waterbath, Centrifuge,
Chromatography apparatus, etc.
II 1. To prepare solutions and buffers. 15
2. To measure absorbance in Colorimeter or
Spectrphotometer.
3. Demonstration of differential centrifugation to
fractionate different components in a mixture.
III 1. To prepare dilutions of Riboflavin and verify the 15
principle of spectrophotometry.
2. To identify different amino acids in a mixture
using paper chromatography.
3. Demonstration of DNA extraction from blood or
tissue samples.
4. To estimate amount of DNA using
spectrophotometer.
www.labinapp.com
www.uwlax.edu
www.labster.com
www.onlinelabs.in
www.powershow.in
20
info@premiereducationaltechnologyies.com
https://li.wsu.edu
Suggested Readings:
1. Sambrook et al .Molecular Cloning Vols I, II, III. CSHL (2001).

The eligibility for this paper is 10+2 from Arts/Commerce/Science

21
Programme/Class: Diploma Year: Second Semester-IV
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code:B050401T Course Title: Gene Technology, Immunology and

Computational Biology
Course outcomes:
 Understand the principles of genetic engineering, how genes can be cloned in bacteria and the
various technologies involved in it.
 Know the applications of biotechnology in various fields like agriculture, industry and human health.
 To have an in depth understanding about Immune System & its mechanisms.
 Get introduced to DNA testing and utility of genetic engineering in forensic sciences.
 Get introduced to computers and use of bioinformatics tools.
 Enable students to get employment in pathology/Hospital.
 Take up research in biological sciences.

Lectures (60)
I Principles of Gene Manipulation 10
 Recombinant DNA Technology
 Selection and identification of recombinant cells
 Restriction Enzymes, DNA modifying enzymes, Cloning Vectors,
Ligation
 Gene transfer techniques, Gene therapy
II Applications of Genetic Engineering 8
 Single cell proteins
 Biosensors, Biochips
 Crop and live stock improvement, development of transgenics
 Development of DNA drugs and vaccines
III DNA Diagnostics 4
 Genetic analysis of human diseases, detection of known and
unknown mutations
 Concept of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics
IV Immune System and its Components 10
 Historical perspective of Immunology, Innate and Adaptive
Immunity, clonal selection, complement system
 Structure and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins,
Hypersensitivity
 Humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity
 HLA complex: organization, class I and II HLA molecules
V Biostatistics I 7
 Calculations of mean, median, mode, variance, standard
deviation
 Concepts of coefficient of variation, Skewness, Kurtosis
 Elementary idea of probability and application
22
VI Biostatistics II 7
 Data summarizing: frequency distribution, graphical presentation—bar,
pie diagram, histogram
 Tests of significance: one and two sample tests, t-test and Chi-
square test
VII Basics of Computers 6
 Basics (CPU, I/O units) and operating systems
 Concept of homepages and websites, World Wide Web, URLs,
using search engines
VIII Bioinformatics 8
 Databases: nucleic acids, genomes, protein sequences and
structures, Bibliography
 Sequence analysis (homology): pairwise and multiple sequence
alignments-BLAST, CLUSTALW
 Phylogenetic analysis
Suggested Readings:
1. Primrose &Twyman. Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics. Blackwell (2003).

2. Hartl& Jones. Genetics: principles &Analsysis of Genes & Genomes. Jones & Bartlett (1998).
3. S6mbrook et al .Molecular Cloning Vols I, II, III. CSHL (2001).
6. Sudbery. Human Molecular Genetics. Prentice-Hall (2002).
7. Wilson. Clinical Genetics-A Short Course, Wiley (2000).
8. Pasternak. An Introduction to Molecular Human Genetics. Fritzgerald (2000).
9. Biostatistical Analysis (Fourth Edition) by Jerrold H. Zarr, Pearson Education Inc., Delhi.
10. Statistical Methods (Eighth Edition) by G. W. Snecdecor and W. G. Cochran, Willey Blackwell
11. Biostatistics (Tenth Edition) by W.W. Daniel and C. L. Cross, Wiley
12. Introductory Biological Statistics (Fourth Edition) by John E. Havel, Raymond E. Hampton and Scott J.
Meiners
13. Westheadet al Bioinformatics: Instant Notes. Viva Books (2003).
At the End of the whole syllabus any remarks/ suggestions:
23
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Second Semester-IV
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code:B050402P Course Title: Genetic Engineering and Counselling Lab

Course outcomes:
 Understand the principles of genetic engineering with hands-on experiments in mutation detection,
testing of infectious diseases like Covid 19.
 Get introduced to DNA testing and utility of genetic engineering in forensic sciences.
 Apply knowledge and awareness of the basic principles and concepts of biology, computer science
and mathematics existing software effectively to extract information from large databases and to use
this information in computer modeling.
 Use bioinformatics tools to find out evolutionary/phylogenetic relationship of organisms using gene
sequences.
 Get employment in Hospitals/Diagnostic and forensic labs/Counsel families with genetic disorders.
 Enable students to take up research in biological sciences.
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: as per rules

Lectures (60)
I 1. 1. Measure the pre and post clitellar lengths of earthworms 10
and calculate mean, median, mode, standard deviation etc.
2. 2. Measure the height and weight of all students in the class
and apply statistical measures.
1.
II 1. Determination of ABO Blood group 20
2. To perform bacterial culture and calculate generation
time of bacteria.
3. To study Restriction enzyme digestion using teaching
kits.
4. To detect genetic mutations by Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR) using teaching kits.
5. Demonstration of agarose gel electrophoresis for
detection of DNA.
6. Demonstration of Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
(PAGE) for detection of proteins.
7. To calculate molecular weight of unknown DNA and
protein fragments from gel pictures.
III 1. To learn the basics of computer applications 15

2. To learn sequence analysis using BLAST
3. To learn Multiple sequence alignment using
CLUSTALW
4. To learn about Phylogenetic analysis using the
programme PHYLIP.
5. To learn how to perform Primer designing for PCR
24
using available softwares etc.

1. Gel Documentation System-

https://youtu.be/WPpt3-FanNE
2. Colorimeter- https://youtu.be/v4aK6G0bGuU
3. PCR Part 1- https://youtu.be/CpGX1UFSl4A
4. PCR Part 2- https://youtu.be/6IcHAYPTAEw
5. DNA isolation Part 1-
https://youtu.be/QE7Ul0JnY9A
6. DNA isolation part 2- https://youtu.be/-
efr_HFeHxM
7. DNA curve- https://youtu.be/ubL8QxTeuG4
8. Spectrophotometer-
https://youtu.be/ubL8QxTeuG4
9. Agarose Part 1- https://youtu.be/7gvHPFww--g
10. Agarose part 2- https://youtu.be/j_bOZCHNsSg
11. Use softwares like Primer3, NEB cutter
12. NCBI, BLAST, CLUSTAL W, PHYLIP
Suggested Readings:
1. Primrose &Twyman. Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics. Blackwell (2003).

2. Hartl& Jones. Genetics: principles &Analsysis of Genes & Genomes. Jones & Bartlett (1998).
3. Sambrooket al .Molecular Cloning Vols I, II, III. CSHL (2001).

25
Programme/Class:Degree Year: Third Semester-V
Subject:ZOOLOGY
Course Code: B050501T Course Title: Diversity of Non-Chordates and Economic

Zoology
Course outcomes:
 demonstrate comprehensive identification abilities of non-chordate diversity
 explain structural and functional diversity of non-chordate
 explain evolutionary relationship amongst non-chordate groups
 Get employment in different applied sectors
 Students can start their own business i.e. self employments.
 Enable students to take up research in Biological Science

Lectures (60)
I Protozoa to Coelenterate 7
 Protozoa – Paramecium (Morphology and

Reproduction)
 Porifera – Sycon(Canal System)
 Coelenterata – Obelia (Morphology and Reproduction)
II Ctenophora to Nemathelminthes 7
 Ctenophora - Salient features

 Platyhelminthes - Taenia (Tape worm) (Morphology
and Reproduction)
 Nemathelminthes –Ascaris lumbricoides (Morphology
and Reproduction)
III Annelida 8
 Annelida –Hirudinaria (Leech) (Morphology and

Reproduction)
IV Arthropoda 8
 Arthropoda – Palaemon (Prawn) (Morphology,

Appendages, Nervous System and Reproduction)
V Mollusca to Hemichordata
 Mollusca – Pila(Morphology, Shell, Respiration, Nervous 8

System and Reproduction)
 Echinodermata –Pentaceros (Morphology and Water
Vascular System)
26
VI Vectors and pests
Life cycle and their control of following pests: Gundhi 8

bug,Sugarcane leafhopper, Rodents. Termites and Mosquitoes
and their control
VII Economic Zoology-1 7
Animal breeding and culture: Pisciculture

VIII Economic Zoology- 2 7
Sericulture, Apiculture, Lac-culture, Vermiculture

Suggested Readings:
1. Barnes et al (2009). The Invertebrates: A synthesis. Wiley Backwell 17

2. Hunter: Life of Invertebrates (1979, Collier Macmillan)
3. Marshall: Parker &Haswell Text Book of Zoology, Vol. I (7th ed 1972, Macmillan)
4. Moore: An Introduction to the Invertebrates (2001, Cambridge University Press)
5. Brusca and Brusca (2016) Invertebrates. Sinauer
6. Jan Pechenik (2014) Biology of the invertebrates. McGraw Hill
7. Neilsen (2012). Animal Evolution: Interrelationships amongst living Phyla. Oxford
8. Parasitology- Chatterjee
9. Parasitology- Chakraborty
10. Thomos C. Chung. General Parasitology. Hardcourt Brace and Co. Ltd. Asia, New Delhi.
11. Gerard D. Schmidt and Larry S Roberts. Foundations of Parasitology. McGraw Hill.
12. Bisht. D.S., Apiculture, ICAR Publication.
13. Singh S., Beekeeping in India, Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
14. Jhingran. V.G. Fish and fisheries in India.,
15. Khanna. S.S, An introduction to fishes
16. Boyd. C.E. &Tucker.C.S, Pond aquaculture water quality management,
17. Biswas.K.P, Fish and prawn diseases,
18. Pedigo, L.P. (2002). Entomology and Pest Management, Prentice Hall.
19. Lee, Earthworm Ecology
20. Stevenson, Biology of Earthworms
21. Destructive and Useful Insects by C. L. Metcalf
22. Sericulture for Rural Development : Hanumappa (1978), Himalaya Publication,
23. Sriculture in India Sarkar, D.C. (1988), CSB, Bangalore.

At the End of the whole syllabus any remarks/ suggestions:
27
Subject:ZOOLOGY
Course Code: B050502T Course Title: Diversity of Chordates and Comparative

Anatomy
Course outcomes:
 Demonstrate comprehensive identification abilities of chordate diversity
 Explain structural and functional diversity of chordates
 Explain evolutionary relationship amongst chordates
 Take up research in biological sciences.
Credits:4 Core Compulsory/Elective

Lectures (60)
I Origin of Chordates & Hemichordata 6
 Origin of Chordates. Classification of Phylum Chordata
upto the class.
 Hemichordata: General characteristics, classification and
detailed study of Balanoglossus(Habit and Habitat,
Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology and Development).
II Cephalochordata and Urochordata 6
 Cephalochordata : General characteristics, classification and
detailed study of Branchiostoma (Amphioxus) (Habit and
Habitat, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology).
 (ii)Urochordata : General characteristics, classification and
detailed study of Herdmania(Habit and Habitat, Morphology,
Anatomy, Physiology and Post Embryonic Development).
III Classification and General Characteristics of Vertebrates 8
 General characters and Classification of different classes of
vertebrates (Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia) up
to the order with examples.
 Poisonous and Non Poisonous Snakes and biting mechanism.
 Neoteny and Paedogenesis
 Migration in birds
 Dentition in Mammals
IV Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of Vertebrates 8
Integumentary System
Structure, functions and derivatives of integument
Skeletal System
Overview of axial and appendicular skeleton, Jaw suspensorium,
Visceral arches
V Digestive System
Alimentary canal and associated glands, dentition
28
VI Respiratory System 8
Skin, gills, lungs and air sacs; Accessory respiratory organs
VII Circulatory System
General plan of circulation, evolution of heart and aortic arches
Urinogenital System 8
Succession of kidney, Evolution of urinogenital ducts, Types of
mammalian uteri
VIII Nervous System 8
Comparative account of brain
Autonomic nervous system, Spinal cord, Cranial nerves in mammals
Sense Organs
Classification of receptors
Brief account of visual and auditory receptors in man
Suggested Readings:
1. Harvey et al: The Vertebrate Life (2006)

2. Colbert et al: Colbert’s Evolution of the Vertebrates: A history of the backboned animals through time
(5th ed 2002,Wiley - Liss)
3. Hildebrand: Analysis of Vertebrate Structure (4th ed 1995, John Wiley)
4. Kenneth V. Kardong (2015) Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution McGraw Hill
5. McFarland et al: Vertebrate Life(1979, Macmillan Publishing)
6. Parker and Haswell: TextBook of Zoology, Vol. II (1978, ELBS)
7. Romer and Parsons: The Vertebrate Body (6th ed 1986, CBS Publishing Japan)
8. Young: The Life of vertebrates (3rd ed 2006, ELBS/Oxford)
9. Weichert C.K and William Presch (1970). Elements of Chordate Anatomy, Tata McGraw Hills

At the end of the whole syllabus any remarks/suggestions:
29
Subject:ZOOLOGY
Course Code: B050503P Course Title: Lab on Virtual Dissection, Anatomy,

Economic Zoology and Parasitology
Course outcomes:
 demonstrate comprehensive identification abilities of chordate and non- chordates diversity
 explain structural and functional diversity of chordates and non- chordates
 explain evolutionary relationship amongst chordates and non- chordates
 Generate self employment
 Enable students to take up research in biological sciences.

Lectures (60)
I Study of animal specimens of various animal phyla. 15
1.To prepare permanent stained slide of septal nephridia of
earthworm.
2.To take out the nerve ring of earthworm.
1. 3.To take out hastate plate from Palaemon.
II 1. 1.Study of animal specimens of various animal phyla 15
2. 2. Study on use and ethical handling of model organisms
(Mice, rats, rabbit and pig).
3. 3. To prepare stained/unstained slide of placoid scales.
4. 1. Comparative study of bones of different vertebrates.
5. 2. Comparative study of histological slides of different
tissues of vertebrates.
III 1. Permanent Preparation of: Euglena, Paramecium 15
2. Study of prepared slides/specimens of Entamoeba,
Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium,
Fasciola, Cotugnia, Taenia, Rallietina, Polystoma
Schistosoma, Echinococcus, Enterobius, Ascaris and
Ancylostoma
3. Permanent Preparation of Cimex (bed bug)/ Pediculus
(Louse), Haematopinus (cattle louse), fresh water
annelids, arthropods; and soil arthropods.
4. Larval stages of helminths and arthropods.
5. Permanent mount of wings, mouth parts and
developmental stages of mosquito and house fly.
Permanent preparation of ticks/ mites, abdominal gills
of aquatic insects viz. Chironomus larva, dragonfly and
mayfly nymphs, preparation of antenna of housefly.
6. Identification of pests.
7. Life history of silkworm, honeybee and lac insect.
8. Different types of important edible fishes of India.
30
9. Slides of plant nematodes.

10. Study of an aquatic ecosystem, its biotic components
and food chain.
11. Project Report/ model chart making.
12. Dissections : through multimedia / models
13. Cockroach : Central nervous system
14. Wallago: Afferent and efferent branchial vessels,
Cranial nerves, Weberian ossicles.
www.onlinelabs.in
www.powershow.com
https://sites.dartmouth.edu
Suggested Readings:
1. Harvey et al: The Vertebrate Life (2006)

2. Colbert et al: Colbert’s Evolution of the Vertebrates: A history of the backboned animals through
time (5th ed 2002,Wiley - Liss)
3. Hildebrand: Analysis of Vertebrate Structure (4th ed 1995, John Wiley)
4. Kenneth V. Kardong (2015) Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution McGraw Hill
5. McFarland et al: Vertebrate Life (1979, Macmillan Publishing)
6. Parker and Haswell: TextBook of Zoology, Vol. II (1978, ELBS)
7. Romer and Parsons: The Vertebrate Body (6th ed 1986, CBS Publishing Japan)
8. Young: The Life of vertebrates (3rd ed 2006, ELBS/Oxford)
9. Barnes et al (2009). The Invertebrates: A synthesis. Wiley Backwell 17
10. Marshall: Parker &Haswell Text Book of Zoology, Vol. I (7th ed 1972, Macmillan)
11. Moore: An Introduction to the Invertebrates (2001, Cambridge University Press)
12. Brusca and Brusca (2016) Invertebrates. Sinauer
13. Jan Pechenik (2014) Biology of the invertebrates. McGraw Hill
14. Boradale, L.A. and Potts, E.A. (1961). Invertebrates: A Manual for the use of Students. Asia
Publishing Home
15. Robert Leo Smith Ecology and field biology Harper and Row publisher
16. Handbook of Practical Sericulture :Ullal, S.R. and Narasimhanna, M.N. (1987),Central Silk Board
Publication, Bangalore.
17. Prost, P. J. (1962). Apiculture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
18. Bisht. D.S., Apiculture, ICAR Publication.
19. Singh S., Beekeeping in India, Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
20. Ullal S.R. and Narasimhanna, M.N. Handbook of Practical Sericulture: CSB,Bangalore
21. Jolly. M. S. Appropriate Sericultural Techniques; Ed., Director, CSR & TI, Mysore.
22. Handbook of Silkworm Rearing: Agriculture and Technical Manual-1, Fuzi Pub. Co.
23. Santanam, B. et al, A manual of freshwater aquaculture
24. Boyd. C.E. &Tucker.C.S, Pond aquaculture water quality management
25. Pedigo, L.P. (2002). Entomology and Pest Management, Prentice Hall.
26. Ranganathan L.S, Vermicomposting technology- soil health to human health
31

At the end of the whole syllabus any remarks/ suggestions: University must ensure
32
Programme/Class: Degree Year:Third Semester-VI
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code:B050601T Course Title: Evolutionary and Developmental Biology

Course outcomes:
 Understand that by biological evolution we mean that many of the organisms that inhabit the earth
today are different from those that inhabited it in the past.
 Understand that natural selection is one of several processes that can bring about evolution, although
it can also promote stability rather than change.
 Understand how the single cell formed at fertilisation forms an embryo and then a full adult
organism.
 Integrate genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, anatomy and physiology during
embryonic development.
 Understand a variety of interacting processes, which generate an organism’s heterogeneous shapes,
size, and structural features.
 Understand how a cell behaves in response to an autonomous determinant or an external signal, and
the scientific reasoning exhibited in experimental life science.

Lectures (60)
I Theories of Evolution 8
 Origin of Life
 Historical review of evolutionary concept:
Lamarckism, Darwinism (Natural, Sexual and
Artifical selection)
 Modern synthetic theory of evolution
 Patterns of evolution (Divergence, Convergence,
Parallel, Coevolution)
II Population Genetics 8
 Microevolution and Macroevolution: allele
frequencies, genotype frequencies, Hardy-
Weinberg equilibrium and conditions for its
maintenance
 Forces of evolution: mutation, selection, genetic
drift
III Direct Evidences of Evolution 7
Types of fossils, Incompleteness of fossil record,
Dating of fossils, Phylogeny of horse
IV Species Concept and Extinction 7
 Biological species concept (Advantages and
Limitations); Modes of speciation (Allopatric,
Sympatric)
33
 Mass extinction (Causes, Names of five major

extinctions
V Gamete Fertilization and Early Development 6
 Gametogenesis, Fertilization
 Cleavage pattern
 Gastrulation, fate maps
 Developmental mechanics of cell specification
 Morphogenesis and cell adhesion
VI Developmental Genes 8
 Genes and development
 Molecular basis of development
 Differential gene expression
VII Early Vertebrate Development 8
 Early development of vertebrates (fish, birds &
mammals)
 Metamorphosis, regeneration and stem cells
 Environmental regulation of development
VIII Late Developmental Processes 8
 The dynamics of organ development
 Development of eye, kidney, limb
 Metamorphosis: the hormonal reactivation of
development in amphibians, insects
 Regeneration: salamander limbs, mammalian liver,
Hydras
 Aging: the biology of senescence
Suggested Readings:
1. Ridley, M. (2004). Evolution. III Edition. Blackwell Publishing

2. Barton, N. H., Briggs, D. E. G., Eisen, J. A., Goldstein, D. B. and Patel, N. H. (2007). Evolution. Cold
Spring, Harbour Laboratory Press.
3. Hall, B. K. and Hallgrimsson, B. (2008). Evolution. IV Edition. Jones and Bartlett Publishers
4. Campbell, N. A. and Reece J. B. (2011). Biology. IX Edition, Pearson, Benjamin, Cummings.
5. Douglas, J. Futuyma (1997). Evolutionary Biology. Sinauer Associates.
6. Developmental Biology: T. Subramaniam, (Reprint), Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
(2013).
7. Essential Developmental Biology: Jonathan M. W. Slack, (3rd ed.), Wiley-Blackwell. (2012).
8. Developmental Biology: From a Cell to an Organism (Genetics & Evolution) eBook: Russ Hodge,
Infobase Publishing. (2009).
9. Current Topics in Developmental Biology: Roger A. Pedersen, Gerald P. Schatten, Elsevier. (1998).
10. Developmental biology: Werner A. Müller, Springer Science & Business Media. (2012).
11. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology E-Book: Bruce M. Carlson, Elsevier Health Sciences.
(2018).
12. Developmental Biology: Michael J. F. Barresi, Scott F. Gilbert, Oxford University Press. (2019).
This course can be opted as an elective by the students of following subjects:The eligibility for this paper is
10+2 with Biology as one of the subject
34
Class performance/Participation:5 Marks
35
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Semester-VI
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code:B050602T Course Title: Ecology, Ethology, Environmental Science and

Wildlife
Course outcomes:
The student at the completion of the course will learn:
 Complexities and interconnectedness of various environmental levels and their functioning.
 Global environmental issues, their causes, consequences and amelioration.
 To understand and identify behaviours in a variety of taxa.
 The proximate and ultimate causes of various behaviours.
 About the molecules, cells, and systems of biological timing systems.
 Conceptualizing how species profitably inhabit in the temporal environment and space out their
activities at different times of the day and seasons.
 To interpret the cause and effect of lifestyle disorders contributing to public understanding of
biological timing.
 To understand the importance of wildlife conservation.
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks:33

Lectures (60)
I Introduction to Ecology 4
 History of ecology, Autecology and synecology,

Levels of organization, Laws of limiting factors,
Study of physical factors
II Organization of Ecosystem 12
 Levels of organization, Laws of limiting factors,

Study of physical factors,
 Population: Density, natality, mortality, life
tables, fecundity tables, survivorship curves, age
ratio, sex ratio, dispersal and dispersion
,Exponential and logistic growth,
 Types of ecosystems with one example in detail,
Food chain: Detritus and grazing food chains, ,
Food web, Energy flow through the ecosystem,
 Ecological pyramids and Ecological efficiencies,
Nutrient and biogeochemical cycle with one
example of Carbon cycle
III Community Ecology 7
Community characteristics: species richness, dominance,
diversity, abundance, Ecological succession with one
example
36
IV Environmental Hazards 7
 Sources of Environmental hazards

 Climate changes
 Greenhouse gases and global warming
 Acid rain, Ozone layer destruction
V Effects of Climate Change 6
 Effect of climate change on public health

 Sources of waste, types and characteristics,
Sewage disposal and its management, Solid
waste disposal, Biomedical waste handling and
disposal,
 Nuclear waste handling and disposal, Waste
from thermal power plants,
 Case histories on Bhopal gas tragedy, Chernobyl
disaster, Seveso disaster and Three Mile Island
accident and their aftermath.
VI Behavioural Ecology and Chronobiology 8
 Origin and history of Ethology,

 Instinct vs. Learnt Behaviour
 Associative learning, classical and operant
conditioning, Habituation, Imprinting,
 Circadian rhythms; Tidal rhythms and Lunar
rhythms
 Chronomedicine
VII Introduction to Wild Life 8
 Values of wild life - positive and negative;

Conservation ethics; Importance of
conservation; Causes of depletion; World
conservation strategies.
VIII Protected areas 8
 National parks & sanctuaries, Community

reserve; Important features of protected areas
in India; Tiger conservation - Tiger reserves in
India; Management challenges in Tiger reserve
Suggested Readings:
1. Ecology: Theories & Applications. Peter D. Stiling, 2001, Prentice Hall.

2. Ecological Modeling. 2008. Grant, W.E. and Swannack, T.M., Blackwell.
3. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Charles J. Krebs, 2016, Pearson
Education Inc.
4. Elements of Ecology. T.M. Smith and R.L. Smith, 2014, Pearson Education Inc.
5. Environmental Chemistry. 2010. Stanley and Manahan, E. CRC, Taylor & Francis. London.
6. Environment. Raven, Berg, Johnson, 1993, Saunders College Publishing.
7. Essentials of Ecology. G.T. Miller, Jr. & Scott. E. Spoolman, 2014, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.
8. Freshwater Ecology: A Scientific Introduction. 2004. Closs, G., Downes, B. and Boulton, A. Wiley-
Blackwell publisher, Oxford.
9. Fundamental Processes in Ecology: An Earth system Approach. 2007. Wilkinson, D.M. Oxford
37
University Press, UK.

10. Fundamentals of Ecology. E.P. Odum& Gray. W. Barrett, 1971, Saunders
11. Caughley, G., and Sinclair, A.R.E. (1994). Wildlife Ecology and Management. Blackwell Science.
12. Woodroffe R., Thirgood, S. and Rabinowitz, A. (2005). People and Wildlife, Conflict or Co-existence?
Cambridge University.
13. Bookhout, T.A. (1996). Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats, 5 th edition.
The Wildlife Society, Allen Press.
14. Sutherland, W.J. (2000). The Conservation Handbook: Research, Management and Policy. Blackwell
Sciences
15. Hunter M.L., Gibbs, J.B. and Sterling, E.J. (2008). Problem-Solving in Conservation Biology and Wildlife
Management: Exercises for Class, Field, and Laboratory. Blackwell Publishing.
Class Performance/Participation: 5 Marks

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
38
Programme/Class: Degree Year: Third Semester-VI
Subject: ZOOLOGY
Course Code:B050603P Course Title: Lab on Ecology, Environmental Science,

Behavioral Ecology & wildlife
Course outcomes:
 To understand the basic concepts, importance, status and interaction between organisms and
environment.
 Get employment in forest services, sanctuaries, conservatories etc.
 Enable students to take up research in wildlife.
Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks:33

Lectures (60)
I 1.Study of life tables and plotting of survivorship curves of 26
different types from the hypothetical/real data provided.
2.Study of population dynamics through numerical
problems.
3.Study of circadian functions in humans (daily eating, sleep
and temperature patterns).
2.
II 1. Report on a visit to National Park/Biodiversity Park/Wild life 4
sanctuary
III 15
1. Demonstration of basic equipments needed in
wildlife studies use, care and maintenance
(Compass, Binoculars, Spotting scope, Range
Finders, Global Positioning System, Various types
of Cameras and lenses)
2. Familiarization and study of animal evidences in
the field; Identification of animals through pug
marks, hoof marks, scats, pellet groups, nest,
antlers etc.
3. Demonstration of different field techniques for
flora and fauna
1.
39
Suggested Readings:
1. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Charles J. Krebs, 2016,
Pearson Education Inc.
2. Fundamentals of Ecology. E.P. Odum& Gray. W. Barrett, 1971, Saunders.
3. Robert Leo Smith Ecology and field biology Harper and Row publisher
4. Bookhout, T.A. (1996). Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats, 5th
edition. The Wildlife Society, Allen Press.
5. Methods and Practice in biodiversity Conservation by David Hawks worth, Springer publication.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..
At the end of the whole syllabus any remarks/ suggestions: University must ensure
40

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PROF.

RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY, PRAYAGRAJ

Department of Higher Education

National Education Policy-2020

PROF. RAJENDRA SINGH (RAJJU BHAIYA) UNIVERSITY,

Name Designation Affiliation

S.No. Name Designation Department College/University

Semester wise Structure of UG Program in Zoology

III B050301T Molecular Biology,

V B050501T Diversity of Non-Chordates,

VI B050601T Evolutionary and

VI B050602T Ecology, Ethology,

VI B050604R Research Project qualifying -

Certificate Course in Medical Diagnostics & Public Health

Diploma in Molecular Diagnostics and Genetic Counselling

Degree in Bachelor of Science

Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Semester - I

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 33

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P:4-0-0

Introduction to all national and international Biologists (Zoologists)

II Structure and Function of Cell Organelles II 6

III Nucleus and Chromatin Structure 8

IV Cell cycle, Cell Division and Cell Signalling 8

V Mendelism and Sex Determination 8

VI Extensions of Mendelism, Genes and Environment 8

VII Human Chromosomes and Patterns of Inheritance 8

VIII Infectious Diseases 8

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:

Written Assignment/Presentation/Project / Term Papers/Seminar: 10 Marks

Class performance/Participation: 5 Marks

Further Suggestions: None

At the End of the whole syllabus any remarks/ suggestions: None

Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Semester - I

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 33

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P:0-0-4

III 1. Study of mutant phenotypes of Drosophila. 15

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods:

Written Assignment/Presentation/Project / Term Papers/Seminar: 10 Marks

Class performance/Participation: 5 Marks

Programme/Class: Certificate Year: First Semester - II

Course Code: B050201T Course Title: Biochemistry and Physiology

The student at the completion of the course will learn:

Max. Marks: 25+75 Min. Passing Marks: 33

Total No. of Lectures-Tutorials-Practical (in hours per week): L-T-P:4-0-0

 Structure and Biological importance of carbohydrates

II Enzyme Action and Regulation 8

 Nomenclature and classification of enzymes; Cofactors; Specificity of

III M Metabolism of Carbohydrates and Lipids 8

 Metabolism of Carbohydrates: glycolysis, citric acid cycle,

 β-oxidation and omega -oxidation of saturated fatty acids with even

IV Metabolism of Proteins and Nucleotides 6

 Catabolism of amino acids: Transamination, Deamination, Urea cycle

 Structural organization and functions of gastrointestinal tract and

 Components of blood and their functions

 Structure of neuron, resting membrane potential

VIII Muscular System 7

Histology of different types of muscle; Ultra structure of skeletal muscle;

1. Nelson & Cox: Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry: McMillan (2000)

Suggested Continuous Evaluation Methods: