Collection of Data: by Professor Nasir Zamir Qureshi Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Collection of Data: by Professor Nasir Zamir Qureshi Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Collection of Data: by Professor Nasir Zamir Qureshi Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Lecture 2
By
Professor Nasir Zamir Qureshi
Department of Commerce,
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Basic Terms
• Data: data can be defied as that information about some
particular attribute under consideration which can be
quantified.
1. Primary Sources
Primary data is an original form of data that has been
collected specially for the research purpose in mind
This type of data are generally fresh and collected for the first time
2. Secondary Source
Data is collected and recorded by someone else prior to and for a
purpose other than the current project.
Primary Data
Advantages:
1. Data is authentic and original.
2. Data is accurate and reliable.
3. No biasness in data
4. As per the needs of the project.
Disadvantages:
1. Data is costly and time taking.
2. Problematic to approach the sources.
3. Large number of people.
Secondary Data
Advantages:
1.Data is easily available.
2. Cheap source of collecting data.
3. Takes less time and efforts.
Disadvantages:
1. Lack the reliability and accuracy.
2.Inadequate and outdated.
3.Irrelevant in the context of problem under study.
Methods of collecting data
Methods of collecting primary data:
• Questionnaire
• Schedule
• Interview
• Observation
Disadvantages:
1. Questionnaires may not be returned.
2. Incomplete responses.
3. Investigators needs to be trained.
Likert Scale
• Likert Scale is a psychometric scale where questions based on this
scale are normally used in a Survey.
• Last but not least it's very easy to run this kind of surveys as
they are not time consuming.
Schedule
• In this method, investigator approaches the informants,
questions them and records the answers the on their
behalf.
Disadvantages:
1. Costly affair.
2. Filled by the investigator himself.
3. Time consuming.
Direct Personal Interview
• This method of data collection is suitable when the field
of enquiry is limited or the nature of enquiry is
confidential and when maximum degree of accuracy is
required.
Disadvantages:
1.cannot be used when the field of enquiry is wide and spread.
2.It is expensive and time consuming method.
3.There is a scope of personal biasness.
4.This method is complicating and lengthy in nature.
Indirect Personal Interview
Disadvantages:
1.There is a possibility that third person may manipulate
the information.
2.There may be an exaggeration of evidences according
to the underlying interest of the informant.
Observation
Direct observation: people are already aware that they are
being watched. The concern is that the individuals may
change their reactions rather revealing their real inner
feelings. However, this is not necessarily bad because the
inner things will ultimately come out.
Disadvantages:
1. It takes a lot of time
2. High potential for role conflict for practitioner researcher.
3. This can be viewed as too subjective.
Thank You