DATA COLLECTION METHOD

for RESEARCH
Special Science High School Grade 8
Quarter 3/ Week 1-4

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit is a ready-to-use material for the learners

to develop and enhance their skills in research. This will serve as
a guide in data collection method.

In this learning kit, the students will gain knowledge on

Data collection method.

This learning kit is composed of three parts:

1. What Happened. This section provides activities that will

prepare learners to the discussion of the topic provided in this
material.

2. What I Need To Know. This is the discussion section of the SLK.

Exercises after the discussion are also provided to further enrich
student’s learning of the topic.

3. What Have I Learned. This portion will gauge student’s learning

and will determine how much the learner has learned.

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LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Discuss the different methods in data collection,

analysis, and presentation.

OBJECTIVE:

K: Identify the different methods in data collection, analysis,

and presentation.
S: Apply the appropriate type of data collection methods to
be use in the given situation.
A: Develop awareness of the different methods in data
collection, analysis, and presentation.

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WHAT HAPPENED?

PRE-ACTIVITY/ PRE-TEST:

Direction: Complete the statements below by filling in the blank with

the word/s found inside the box.

Observation Case Study Method Panel Method

Observation method Data Collection Interview method
Survey method Personal Interview
Unstructured Observation Open-ended Questions

1. __________________ is a term used to describe a process

by which the researcher collects the information needed
to answer the research problem.
2. __________________ can be defined as systematic viewing
with consideration of seen phenomenon.
3. __________________ involves presentation or oral-verbal stimuli
and reply in terms of oral-verbal responses.
4. __________________ is essentially an intensive investigation of
the units under consideration.

5. __________________ is one of the common methods of

diagnosing and solving of social problems is that of
undertaking surveys.
6. ________________ is the collection of data from the same
sample respondents at some interval either by mail or by
personal interview.
7. ________________ is a method under which data from the field
will be collected with the help of observation by the
observer.

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8. ________________ is done without any thought before
observation.
9. In __________________ interviewer asks questions generally in a
face to face contact to the other person or persons.
10. _________________ gives the respondents the ability to
respond in their own words.

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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW? (DISCUSSION)

Data Collection

• It is a term used to describe a process by which

the researcher collects the information needed
to answer the research problem.
• In collecting the data, the researcher must
decide:
➢ Which data to collect
➢ How to collect the data
➢ Who will collect the data
➢ When to collect the data

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3queclM (Ludy Mea Nalzaro)

Methods of Data Collection

1. Observation Method
➢ is a method under which data from the field
will be collected with the help of
observation by the observer or by
personally going to the field.
➢ Observation can be defined as systematic
viewing with consideration of seen
phenomenon.

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3bf3Ks2 (Priyan Sathi)

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 Advantages
• Subjective bias eliminated
• Information researcher gets is Current
• Independent to respondent’s variable

Disadvantage
• It is expensive method (time requires more)
• Limited information
• Unforeseen factors may interfere with observational
task
• Respondent opinion can not be recorded on
certain subject

Types of Observation
• Structured Observation
- When observation is done by characterizing style
of recording the observed information,
standardized conditions of observation, definition
of the units to be observed, selection of pertinent
data of observation.
• Unstructured Observation
- When observation is done without any thought
before observation
• Participant Observation
- When the Observer is a member of the group
which he is observing
- Researcher can record natural behavior of group
- Researcher can verify the truth of statements
given by informants in the context of
questionnaire

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3bf3Ks2 (Priyan Sathi)

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• Non-participant Observation
- when observer is observing people without giving
any information to them
• Uncontrolled Observation
- when the observation takes place in natural
condition
• Controlled Observation
- When observation takes place according to
definite pre-arranged plans with experimental
procedure.
- Generally, done in laboratory under controlled
condition

2. Interview Method
➢ It involves presentation or oral-verbal stimuli and
reply in terms of oral-verbal responses

Type of Interview
• Personal Interview
- The interviewer asks questions generally in a face
to face contact to the other person or persons.

Advantages
➢ Information at greater depth
➢ Flexibility of restructuring the Questionnaire
➢ Interviewer by his skills can come over resistance
➢ Non-response generally low
➢ Personal information can be obtained
➢ Interviewer can collect supplementary
information about respondent’s personal
characteristics.
Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3bf3Ks2 (Priyan Sathi)

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 Disadvantage
➢ Expensive method
➢ Respondent may give bias information
➢ Some executive people are not
approachable, data collected may be
inadequate

• Telephonic Interview
- Contacting samples on the telephone
- Uncommon method maybe use in developed
regions

Advantage
➢ Flexible compare to mailing method
➢ Cheaper than personal interview method
➢ Callbacks are simple and economical
➢ Replies can be recorded without
embarrassment to the respondents.

Disadvantage
➢ Little time is given to respondents
➢ Survey is restricted to respondents who have
telephones
➢ Not suitable for intensive survey where
comprehensive answers are required
➢ Bias information maybe more
➢ Very difficult to make questionnaire because it
should be short and to the point

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3bf3Ks2 (Priyan Sathi)

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3. Questionnaire Method
- Questionnaire is sent to persons with request to
answer the questions and return the questionnaire
Questions are printed in definite order, mailed
samples who are expected to read that questions
understand the questions and write the answers in
provided space

Advantage
➢ Relatively simple method in obtaining data.
➢ Less time is consumed
➢ Researcher can gather data from a widely
scattered sample.

Disadvantage
➢ Responses to the questionnaire lack depth
➢ Respondent may omit any item he chooses
➢ Some items may force the subject to select
responses that are not his actual choice
➢ Length of the questionnaire is limited according to
the respondent’s interest
➢ Printing maybe costly
➢ Some items may be misunderstood
➢ The sample is limited to those who are literate

Criteria of a Good Questionnaire

1. Clarity of Language
- It must meet the level of understanding of the
respondents in order to generate the needed
responses.
2. Singleness of Objective
- An item must have one and only answer

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3queclM (Ludy Mea Nalzaro)

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3. One-to-One Correspondence
- The questionnaire, must correspond with the
objective of the study
4. Correct Grammar, Spelling and Construction
- The questionnaire must be constructed observing
grammatically correct sentences, correctly
spelled words, coherence in construction of
sentence, etc.

Characteristics of a Good Questionnaire

1. Well stated title
2. Has statement of purpose
3. It assures the respondents about the confidentiality
of responses
4. It is designed to achieve the objective of the study
5. It has a clear direction
6. There are no double-negative questions
7. It avoids double barreled questions
8. The design corresponds to an easy tabulation of
data.

Degree of Structure Questions

1. Open-ended questions
- This gives the respondents the ability to respond
in their own words
2. Close-ended or fixed alternative
- This allows the subject to choose one of the given
alternatives.

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3queclM (Ludy Mea Nalzaro)

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Specific Types of Closed-ended Questions

1. Dichotomous questions
- This requires the respondent to make a choice
between two responses such as yes/no,
male/female, or married/unmarried
Example:
Have you been ligated? ___ Yes ___ No
2. Multiple choice questions
- This offers more than one choices.

Example:
How favorable is it to you to become pregnant at
this time?
__Favorable __ Not sure __ Unfavorable

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3queclM (Ludy Mea Nalzaro)

4. CASE STUDY METHOD

- It is essentially an intensive investigation of the unit
under consideration.
- Its important characteristics are:
➢ the researcher can take one single social unit
or more of such units for his study purpose.
➢ the selected unit is studied intensively i.e. it is
studied in minute details.

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3bf3Ks2 (Priyan Sathi)

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 5. SURVEY METHOD
- One of the common methods of diagnosing and
solving of social problems is that of undertaking
surveys.
- Festinger and Kat of the opinion that, “Many
research problems require systematic collection of
data from population through the use of personal
interviews or other data gathering devices”.

6. PANEL METHOD
- In this method, data is collected from the same
sample respondents at some interval either by mail
or by personal interview.
- This is used for studies on :
➢ Expenditure Pattern
➢ Consumer Behaviour
➢ Effectiveness of Advertising
➢ Voting Behaviour and so on

Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/3bf3Ks2 (Priyan Sathi)

Activity 1
Do the following tasks in your notebook.

DIRECTION: Figure out what data collection method are you

going to use if you want to know the monthly income of the
residents of Poblacion, Zamboanguita and why .

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 REFLECTION
Direction: Complete the phrases below. Write your answer in
your notebook.

I have learned that___________________________________

__________________________________________________

I realized that _______________________________________

__________________________________________________

I will apply _________________________________________

___________________________________________________

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

POST TEST:

A. Directions: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the

statement is TRUE and F if FALSE. Write your answer in your
notebook.

1. Open-ended questions are those that provide the

answers for respondents to select from in their
response to a survey question.
2. Dichotomous questions are a closed-ended type of
questions.
3. A good questionnaire should include a double-
barreled question.

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 4. Each item in a questionnaire should have one and only
answer.
5. Fixed alternative questions gives the respondents the
ability to respond in their own words.
6. The questionnaire must correspond with the objective
of the study.
7. When observation is done without any thought before
observation it is said to be a structured observation.
8. In participant observation, the researcher can record
natural behavior of group.
9. Controlled observation is generally, done in laboratory
under controlled condition.
10. Telephonic interview is cheaper than personal
interview method.

B. Directions: Choose the correct answer and copy the letter

and the content of your choice in your notebook.

11. It involves presentation or oral-verbal stimuli and reply in

terms of oral-verbal responses
A. Interview method C. Survey method
B. Observation method D. Panel method

12. In this method, data is collected from the same sample

respondents at some interval either by mail or by personal
interview.
A. Interview method C. Survey method
B. Observation method D. Panel method

13. It is essentially an intensive investigation of the unit under

consideration.
.
A. Interview method C. Survey method
B. Case study method D. Panel method

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14. Questions are printed in definite order, mailed samples
who are expected to read that questions understand the
questions and write the answers in provided space.
A. Questionnaire method C. Survey method
B. Case study method D. Panel method

15. One of the common methods of diagnosing and solving

of social problems is that of undertaking surveys.

A. Interview method C. Survey method

B. Observation method D. Panel method

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 REFERENCES

Nalzaro, Ludy Mea. Methods of Data Collection.

Published on June 9, 2012. http://bit.ly/3queclM .

Sakthi, Priyan. Methods of Data Collection. Published on

January 17, 2013. http://bit.ly/3bf3Ks2 .

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

NAME OF WRITER
Che Isidore B. Partosa
Gerlie T. Cadungog

NAME OF ILLUSTRATOR/Lay-out Artist

Illustrator/Lay-out Artist

_________________________________

ALPHA & BETA QA TEAM

Ana Melissa T. Venido

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS

After going through this self- learning kit, you should be able
to distinguish the difference between invention and innovation.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ANSWER KEY
CHE ISIDORE B.
PRE-TEST
PARTOSA is a Grade 8 1. Data collection
Math and Research 2. Observation
3. Interview method
teacher of
4. Case Study method
Zamboanguita 5. Survey method
Science High School 6. Panel method
7. Observation method
(ZSHS). He obtained his 8. Unstructured
Bachelor of Secondary Education major in observation
Mathematics at Negros Oriental State 9. Personal interview
10. Open-ended question
University (NORSU) year 2013 and
completed his academic requirements POST-TEST
A.
with his Master of Arts in Mathematics
1. F
Teaching of the same university. 2. T
3. F
4. T
GERLIE T. CADUNGOG 5. F
is a Grade 10 English 6. T
and a Grade 8 7. F
8. T
Technical Writing 9. T
teacher of 10. T
Zamboanguita B.
11. A
Science High School 12. C
(ZSHS). She obtained her bachelor's 13. B
14. A
degree at Negros Oriental State University 15. D
(NORSU-Siaton Campus) with the degree
of Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English and Literature
in 2002.

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