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1. Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plants that produced wrinkled peas.
The peas from these plants

produced new plants that also produced wrinkled peas. The scientist concluded that something in the
parent plants was being transmitted to the next generation. This discovery is now known as
A) genetic engineering
B) biological evolution
C) heredity
D) natural selection
2. In canaries, the gene for singing (S) is dominant over the gene for non-singing (s). When hybrid
singing canaries are mated with non-singing canaries, what percentage of the offspring is likely to
possess the singing trait?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
3. Which statement best describes a human chromosome?
A) It is made of amino acid subunits that form genes.
B) It contains genes that may code for the production of proteins.
C) It is normally passed to the next generation through a placenta.
D) It varies in function from one generation to the next.
4. The photographs below are side-by-side images of twins A and B with identical genetic information.
Twin A is a nonsmoker, while twin B is a longtime smoker.
Source: http://holykaw.alltop.com
The best explanation for the differences in the appearance of the twins is that
A) twin B is older than twin A
B) they each inherited half of their DNA from each parent
C) the expression of genes is influenced by the environment
D) one twin resembles the mother and the other resembles the father
5. A DNA nucleotide may contain
A) deoxyribose, cytosine, and a lipid
B) deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
C) ribose, uracil, and a polypeptide
D) ribose, adenine, and thymine
6. In a DNA sample, 15% of the bases are thymine (T). What percentage of the bases in this sample are
adenine (A)?
A) 15%
B) 30%
C) 35%
D) 85%
7. Which cellular process involves DNA replication?
A) mitosis
B) cyclosis
C) pinocytosis
D) protein synthesis
8. Three structures are represented in the diagram below.
What is the relationship between these three structures?

A) DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
B) Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
C) DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
D) The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
9. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents some biochemical
reactions involved in a cellular process.
The molecule coded directly from DNA is represented by number

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
10. A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-RNA molecule is known as a
A) codon
B) gene
C) polypeptide
D) nucleotide
11. Which base is normally used in the synthesis of RNA but not in the synthesis of DNA?
A) adenine
B) uracil
C) cytosine
D) guanine
12. What is the complementary messenger-RNA sequence for the DNA sequence shown below?
A) C-A-A-G-G-U
B) G-T-T-C-C-A
C) G-U-U-C-C-A
D) C-A-A-G-G-T
13. The core of a virus may contain either DNA or RNA. To identify which nucleic acid is present, a
biochemist could chemically analyze the virus for the presence of
A) guanine
B) ribose
C) cytosine
D) phosphate
14. What will happen if a base sequence of a strand of DNA is changed from A-T-G to A-T-C?
A) The m-RNA will be changed from U-A-C to U-A-G.
B) The t-RNA will be changed from U-A-C to T-A-C.
C) The m-RNA will be changed from T-U-C to T-U-G.
D) The t-RNA will be changed from C-A-U to C-A-C.
15. Which sequence best represents the relationship between DNA and the traits of an organism?
A) C)
B) D)
16. A change in the order of DNA bases that code for a respiratory protein will most likely cause
A) the production of a starch that has a similar function
B) the digestion of the altered gene by enzymes
C) a change in the sequence of amino acids determined by the gene
D) the release of antibodies by certain cells to correct the error
17. Which statement is true regarding an alteration or change in DNA?
A) It is always known as a mutation.
B) It is always advantageous to an individual.
C) It is always passed on to offspring.
D) It is always detected by the process of chromatography.
18. Which statement is an example of how the external environment can influence gene expression?
A) Some flowering plants that inherit a gene for white flowers and a gene for red flowers will
produce pink flowers.
B) Some animals that inherit genes for brown fur will grow white fur if the outside temperature
falls below a certain level.
C) In some breeds of cat, certain fur-color genes are found only in females.
D) A pea plant is short-stemmed only if it inherits the genes for the trait from both parents.
19. Which process produces only identical offspring?
A) meiotic cell division
B) selective breeding
C) cloning
D) fertilization
20. The diagram below indicates a few of the many varieties of domestic dogs thought to have originated
from wolves that were domesticated thousands of years ago.
The many varieties of domesticated dogs were most likely produced as a result of
A) mutating the body cells of the dogs
B) selective breeding over many generations
C) genetic engineering with specific enzymes
D) cloning dogs with desirable traits
21. The organic compounds that scientists use to cut, copy, and move segments of DNA are
A) carbohydrates
B) enzymes
C) hormones
D) starches
22. The diagram below represents some steps in a procedure used in the field of biotechnology.
This bacterial cell can now be used to produce

A) the bacterial gene for insulin that can be inserted into humans
B) human genes for enzymes that can be inserted into humans
C) insulin that can be used by humans
D) enzymes necessary to treat human diseases
23. Base your answer on the Universal Genetic Code Chart below and on your knowledge of biology.
When provided with a sequence of bases in one segment of mRNA, the Universal Genetic Code
Chart is used to
A) directly identify the DNA from an animal cell
B) determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein
C) change the RNA sequence of a protein into DNA
D) identify the specific mutations in the genetic material in a cell
24. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
Caretakers at a zoo are trying to determine which of two male tigers fathered the newest cub.
They obtained DNA from the tiger cub, the mother tiger, and the two male tigers. The DNA was
analyzed. The results of the analysis are shown below.
The technique used to separate the DNA for analysis is

A) genetic engineering
B) electrophoresis
C) chromatography
D) protein synthesis

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1. Many years ago, a scientist grew pea plants that produced wrinkled peas.

The peas from these plants

What is the relationship between these three structures?

The molecule coded directly from DNA is represented by number

This bacterial cell can now be used to produce

The technique used to separate the DNA for analysis is

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