Series of 2022

SUBJECT : ADOPTION OF TECHNICAL BULLETIN N O ._: GUIDELINES IN

THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI-CROP DRYING
PAVEMENT (MCDP)

As the central engineering arm of the Department of Agriculture (DA), the Bureau of
Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering (BAFE) is mandated to prepare, evaluate, validate,
and recommend engineering plans, designs and technical specifications of agri-fisheries
mechanization and infrastructure projects. Given these functions, the BAFE issues
technical bulletin that will serve as guide of the DA bureaus, attached agencies and other
DA implementing units in the preparation of their detailed engineering design and cost
estimates.

Multi-crop drying pavement (MCDP) is a solar dryer where farmers can dry various
agricultural crops such as rice and corn. It has a minimum area of 420 square meters (15
meters by 28 meters), with a thickness of at least four (4) inches. In this technical bulletin,
a six (6) inches thick MCDP will be adopted as an improvement. It was observed that four
(4) inches thick design is prone to deterioration as it cannot withstand the continuous
application of significant load exerted by heavy trucks as well as agricultural machinery
and equipment (e.g., farm tractor) on this structure. The design for the 6 inches MCDP is
discussed in Section VII of the attached Technical Bulletin No. 01, Series of 2022.

This Memorandum Order shall take effect immediately upon approval.

Done this JfiHvday of June 2022

d c C- C j
WILLIAM D. DAR, Ph.D.
Secretary

Attached: a/s

J4 food-secure and resilient 'Philippines

tfaMiQl,n(uu} A N i
with enywweraCantfjrrosperous farmers aneCfisherfotk jlfflWtf J na K$fA
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Agriculture
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES ENGINEERING (BAFE)
Sugar Center, Annex II Building Extension. North Avenue, Diiiman, Quezon City
Tel Nos. [02) 8351-8120, 8294-9741
Email address: ba[e@da,gov.ph

TECHNICAL BULLETIN
No.____
Series of 2022

SUBJECT GUIDELINES IN THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF

MULTI-CROP DRYING PAVEMENT (MCDP)

SECTION I. RATIONALE

As the central engineering arm of the Department of Agriculture (DA), the Bureau of
Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering (BAFE) is mandated to prepare, evaluate, validate,
and recommend engineering plans, designs and technical specifications of agri-fisheries
mechanization and infrastructure projects. Given these functions, the BAFE issues
technical bulletin that will serve as guide of the DA bureaus, attached agencies and other
DA implementing units in the preparation of their detailed engineering design and cost
estimates.

Multi-crop drying pavement (MCDP) is a solar dryer where farmers can dry various
agricultural crops such as rice and corn. It has a minimum area of 420 square meters (15
meters by 28 meters), with a thickness of at least four (4) inches. This agricultural
intervention is given to duly eligible recipients that comply with the necessary
requirements, as prescribed in the DA Memorandum Order No. 50, Series of 2020, or the
Revised Guidelines in the Provision o f Agricultural Production, Postharvest and Processing
Machinery, Equipment, and Facilities.

For this technical bulletin, a six (6) inches thick MCDP will be used as an improvement to
the previous 4 inches thick design. It was observed that the earlier design of MCDP has
higher rate of deterioration as it cannot withstand the continuous application of
significant load exerted by large truck as well as agricultural machinery and equipment
(e.g., farm tractor) within the structure. The design analysis for the proposed 6 inches
MCDP will be discussed in detail in Section VII of this technical bulletin.

SECTION II. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Key terms used in this Technical Bulletin are defined as follows:

AGGREGATES - Granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed

hydraulic-cement concrete, or iron blast-furnace slag, used with a cementing medium to
produce either concrete or mortar.

4 food-secure unit resilient Ti

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AREA COVERAGE - Space occupied by a flat surface and is measured in square meters.

AXLE LOAD - Portion of the gross weight of a vehicle transmitted to a structure or a

roadway through wheels supporting a given axle.

ALLOWED VEHICLE - Type of vehicle allowed to pass thru or park at the surface of the
MCDP.

BASE COURSE - (1) Layer of specified select material of planned thickness constructed
on the subgrade or subbase of a pavement to serve one or more functions, such as
distributing load, providing drainage, or minimizing frost actions; (2) Lowest course of
masonry in a wall or pier.

COARSE AGGREGATES - Aggregate predominantly retained on the 4.75mm (No. 4) sieve

or that portion retained on the 4.75mm (No. 4) sieve.

COMPACTION - Process of reducing the volume of voids in a material such as soil by

input of mechanical energy. (5ee also consolidation)

CONSOLIDATION - Process of reducing the volume of voids, air pockets, and entrapped
air in fresh cementitious mixture, usually accomplished by inputting mechanical energy.

CONCRETE - Mixture of hydraulic cement, aggregates, and water, with or without

admixtures, fibers, or other cementitious materials.

CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH - Capacity of a material to withstand loads

tending to reduce its size. It is measured in Megapascal (MPa).

CLEARING AND GRUBBING - Consist of clearing, grubbing, removing, and disposing all
vegetation and debris as designated in the contract, except those objects that are
designated to remain in place or are to be removed with consonance with other provision
of this specification.

CONCRETE STRENGTH - Ability of concrete to resist force. For structural it can be

defined as the unit force required to cause rupture. It is measured in Megapascal (MPa).

DETERIORATION - (1) Physical manifestation of failure of a material (for example

cracking, delamination, flaking, pitting, scaling, spalling, and staining) caused by
environmental or internal autogenous influences on rock and hardened concrete as well
as other materials; (2) Decomposition of material during either testing or exposure to
service.
EXCAVATION - Consists of roadway drainage and borrow excavation, and the disposal
of material in accordance with required specification and in conformity with the lines,
grades, and dimension shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

EMBANKMENT - Consist of the construction of embankment in accordance with the

required specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions shown on
the plans or established by the Engineer.

FINE AGGREGATES - (1) Aggregates passing the 9.5mm (3/8 in) sieve, almost entirely
passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve, and predominantly retained on the 75mm (No. 200)
sieve; (2) Portion of aggregate passing the 4.75mm (No.4) sieve and predominantly
retained on the 75mm (No. 200) sieve.

PAVEMENT - (1) Layer of concrete on such areas such as roads, sidewalks, canals,
playgrounds, and those used for storage or parking. (2) Durable surface of a road, airstrip,
or other similar area. Its primary function is to transmit loads to the sub-base (Item 200)
and underlying soil.

PROJECT SITE - Land or property where the agri-infrastructure facility will be

constructed.

PROGRAM OF WORKS - Total estimated cost of the project which covers the Civil Works
Cost, Engineering Supervision and Administrative Overhead, Road Right-of-Way
Acquisition Cost, Construction Contingency, etc.

REINFORCING STEEL BARS - Material used in reinforced concrete and reinforced

masonry structure to strengthen the concrete under tension. Concrete is strong under
compression, but weak in tension or in tensile strength.

STRUCTURAL CONCRETE - Material composed of concrete and reinforcing bars. The

combination of two (2) materials (concrete and rebar) compensates with each other as
the concrete is strong in compression but weak in tension, while rebar is relatively strong
in tension but weak in compression.

SUBBASE - Layer in a pavement system between the subgrade and base course, or
between the subgrade and the concrete pavement.

SUBGRADE - Soil prepared and compacted to support a structure or a concrete

pavement system.
SECTION III. SCOPE AND COVERAGE

This technical bulletin shall serve as reference in the design and construction of MCDP
for rice, corn, and other related crops implemented by the DA bureaus, attached agencies
and corporations, regional field offices, and other DA implementing offices.

SECTION IV. OBJECTIVES

This technical bulletin aims to provide the guidelines in the modification of the MCDP
design to increase the strength of a typical drying pavement.

SECTION V. SELECTION CRITERIA

Basic considerations in the identification of site and beneficiaries for the implementation
of MCDP are listed below:

CRITERIA REQUIREMENTS
■ Minimum production area of 2 hectares for rice.
Coverage Area ■ Minimum production area of 3 hectares for corn.

■ Registered Farmers Cooperative and Associations

(FCAs) engaged in agricultural production and
Beneficiaries
processing.

■ Minimum lot/area of 420 square meters (m2)

located near production areas, and accessible to
service roads.
* In case the minimum space requirement is not
available, two (2) sites may be allowed provided
Site Requirements that:
> Two sites are within the same barangay; and
> Minimum area for each site is 210 m2
■ Lot/area not exposed to hazards.
■ With no or settled right-of-way issue.
SECTION VI. IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES

The following are the general procedures in the implementation of the MCDP:

A. EARTHWORKS
A .l. Clearing and Grubbing
- This item shall consist of the removal and disposal of all trees, stumps, roots,
logs, shrubs, grass, weeds, fallen timber and other surface litter.
A.2. Excavation
- This item shall consist of roadway drainage and borrow excavation, and the
disposal of material in accordance with DPWH specification and in conformity
with the lines, grades, and dimensions shown on the plans or established by
the Engineer.
A.3. Embankment
- This item shall consist of the construction of embankment in accordance with
DPWH specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions
shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.
A.4. Subgrade Preparation
A.5. Aggregate Subbase Course

B. COMPACTION TEST
- To increase the density or unit weight of soil a compaction test must be done
prior to installation of rebars and concrete pouring. The material used shall
follow DPWH Blue Book for highways Item 200 Table 200.1 Grading
Requirement and shall be compacted using vibratory roller.

C. REINFORCING BARS
C l. Installation of Reinforcing Steel Bar (RSB)
- This item shall consist of furnishing, bending, fabricating and placing of steel
reinforcement of the type, size, shape and grade required in accordance with
DPWH specification and in conformity with the requirements shown on the
plans or as directed by the Engineer.

D. CONCRETE MIX
D .l. Concrete Quality (Class A 3,000psi - 1:2:3:0.5)
- Quality of concrete plays an important role in the construction field as the
concrete is the excessive element in any construction. The strength
parameters such as durability, load bearing strength and resistance to
environmental factor such as wing, snow, and water depends on the quality of
concrete.
SECTION VII. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

For the design analysis, different types of vehicles and equipment were considered as
load on the MCDP (see Figure 1). In the first scenario, a close delivery truck and elf truck
without load are parked in MCDP. In the second scenario, the same vehicles in scenario 1
are parked on MCDP but with load. For the third scenario, a combine harvester, 4WD
tractor, closed delivery van with load, and elf truck with load are parked on the MCDP.
Using the Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis Calculator, the behavior of pavement was
determined considering the total load of vehicles.

650 0 LB S A D D IT IO N A L L O A D 6S00 LB S A D D IT IO N A L LO A D

6500LB S A D D IT IO N A L L O A D 6500LBS A D D IT IO N A L L O A D

SC E N A R IO 3 [Two (2) Elf Truck w / load considering C om bined Harvester and 4 W Tractor parked on the pavem ent

Figure 1. Multi-Crop Drying Pavement Design Analysis using 3 Scenarios

A. Design Analysis for 4" and 6” THK MCDP

Table 1 shows the different parameters use in the design analysis of the 4 inches (4”) and
6 inches (6”) slab thickness (thk] considering actual market information as well as data
from the American Concrete Institute. Table 2 reflects the weight of the different vehicles
used in analysis. These values were inputted in the Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis
Calculator to ascertain the effect of varying loads to the strength of the pavement.

Table 1. Design Analysis Parameters for the 4” and 6” THK MCDP

PARAMETERS 4 ” THK MCDP 6" THK MCDP

Load Capacity ■ 2,400.00 kgs ■ 4,100.00 kgs
Cone. Strength ■ 3, 000 psi ■ 3, 000 psi
 Unit Weight ■ 150 psf ■ 150 psf
Yield Strength ■ 40,000 psi ■ 40,000 psi

Table 2. Actual Load of the Different Type of Vehicles

Based on the analysis, the 4" and 6” thk MCDP were subjected to different loading
capacity from different type of vehicles listed in Table 2. Using the Concrete Slab on Grade
Analysis Calculator (for Post Wheel Loading), the axial loads of vehicles were taken and
applied to three (3) different scenarios as shown in Table 3. Results show that MCDP with
4” thk failed, while the 6" thk withstand the axial loadings of the different vehicles.

Table 3. Results of the 4" and 6" THK Design Analysis

SCENARIO THK VEHICLES WEIGHT1 REMARKS2

4 ■ Elf Truck w/o load FAILED
1 ■ 7, 257.48 KGS
6 Closed Delivery Van w/o load PASSED
4 ■ Elf Truck w/ load FAILED
2 ■ 10,205.8 KGS
6 Closed Delivery Van w/ load PASSED
4 ■ Elf Truck w/ load FAILED
■ Closed Delivery Van w/ load
3 6 10, 205.8 kgs
■ Combine Harvester PASSED
■ 4WD Tractor

In terms of the type of vehicle, analysis showed that the 4" thk MCDP could only sustain
the axial wheel load of 4WD Tractor, and will fail for the following vehicles: (a) Elf Truck,
(b) Closed Delivery Van, (c) Combine Harvester, and (d) Trailer Truck. On the other hand,
6" thk MCDP will not sustain the axial wheel load of the trailer truck.

1The vehicle with the largest axial weight in each scenario was considered in the analysis
2 Results are based on Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis Calculator (For Post or Wheel Loading)
 Table 4. Allowed Vehicles in 4" and 6" MCDP
PARAMETERS 4” THK MCDP 6" THK MCDP
■ 4WD Tractor
■ ElfTruck
Allowed Vehicle ■ 4WD Tractor
■ Closed Delivery Van
■ Combine Harvester
■ ElfTruck
Not Allowed ■ Closed Delivery Van
■ Trailer Truck
Vehicle ■ Combine Harvester
■ Trailer Truck

B. Standard Minimum Test Requirement3

The minimum test requirement is essential in the implementation phase to assure that
every material passed the required minimum standard and complied to the standard
codes set by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM).

Table 5. Standard Minimum Test Requirement

ITEM OF
DESCRIPTION MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENT
WORK
For every 1500 m3 or less:
1-Grading Test
1-Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
102 Excavation 1-Compaction Test
1-California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
For every 150 mm layer in uncompacted depth:
1- Field Density Test (FDT)
For every 1500 m3 or less:
1-Grading Test
104 Embankment 1-Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1-Compaction Test
1-California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
Sub-grade
105 Same as Item 104
Preparation
For every 300 m3 or less:
Aggregate
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL)
200 Subbase
1-Compaction Test
Course
1-California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

3 Based on DPWH - Standard Specifications for Highways Bridges Ports (Blue Book) - 2013
 ITEM OF
DESCRIPTION MINIMUM TEST REQUIREMENT
WORK
For every 150mm layer in uncompacted depth:
1-D, Field Density Test
Bar Reinforcement for Concrete for every 10,000 kg or
less:
Reinforcing
404 1-Bending
Steel
1-Tension
1-Chemical Analysis
A. Cement (Physical and Chemical Test)
1-Physical Test
1-Chemical Test
B. Fine Aggregates
B. l . For source not yet tested
1-Grading
1- Specific Gravity
1-Absorption
1-Unit Weight
C. Coarse Aggregates
C. l , For a source not yet tested
1-Grading
Structural 1-Specific Gravity
405
Concrete 1-Absorption
1-Unit weight
D. Water
1-Chemical Analysis (500ml), if source is questionable
E. Steel Reinforcement
E .l. 1 sample per 10,000kgs (lmeter)
1-Bending Test
1-Tension Test
1-Quality Analysis or submission of Mill Certificate
F. Concrete
1-Compressive Strength Test
1-Sample per 75 cu.m

Mote: All m aterial tests are based on set standard b y A ST M

SECTION X. REFERENCES

American Concrete Institute. (2006). Design o f Slabs on Ground - ACI360R-06. Farmington

Hills, Michigan, United States.

American Society for Testing and Materials, (n.d.).

Charles Nunoo, Ph.D, Florida International University. (2002). Stresses and Strains in
Rigid Pavements. Miami, Florida, United States.

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota. (2002). Load Testing o f

Instrumented Pavement Sections - "Improved Techniques fo r Applying the Finite
Element Method to Strain Prediction in PCC Pavement Structures. Minneapolis,
Minnesota, United States.

Department of Public Works and Highways. (2022, January 1). Construction Material
Pricelist Data. Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Department of Public Works and Highways, (n.d.). Standard Specifications fo r Highways,

Bridges, and Ports (Blue Book). Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines.

Max L. Porter, Iowa State University. (2001). Dowel Bar Optimization: Phase I and II. Ames,
Iowa State, United States.

Robert G. Packard, Portland Cement Association. (1976). Slab Thickness Design for
Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade (IS195.01D). Skokie, Illinois, United States.

For information and guidance

ENGR. ARIODEAR C. RICO

Director IV

Attached: a/s
 SECTION VIII. ITEM OF WORKS FOR 6" THK MCDP

The Item of Works is in line with the Department of Public of Works and Highways
(DPWH) Department Order No. 143 "Revised Standard Pay Item List for Infrastructure
Projects" while the quantity per item were based on the design of MCDP which has a
length of 28 meters and width of 15 meters and a thickness of 6 inches.

Table 6. Item of Work for 6” THK MCDP

ITEM
DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT
NO.
B.9 Mobilization/Demobilization 1.00 lot
B.5 Project Billboard 1.00 lot
100(1) Clearing and Grubbing w/ Stripping 420 .00 sq. m
102(1) Excavation (Unsuitable) 126.00 cu. m
104(1) Embankment (Suitable) 84.00 cu. m
104(2) Embankment for topping, case 1 84.00 cu. m
105(1) Subgrade Preparation 420.00 sq. m
200 Aggregate Subbase Course 42.00 cu. m
404(l.a) Reinforcing Steel Grade 40 2,050.91 kgs
4 0 5 (l.al) Structural Concrete (Class A 1:2:3:0.5) 63.00 cu. m

SECTION IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Based on the analysis using Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis Calculator (for Post Wheel
Loading) for 6” thk MCDP, allowed vehicles are as follows: (1) 4WD Tractor, (2) Elf Truck,
(3) Closed Delivery Van, and (4) Combine Harvester. Not allowed is the Trailer Truck.

Slab thickness of 4" failed based on calculation conducted as per "Design of Slab-on-
Ground” - ACI 360R-06 - by American Concrete Institute (2006) and “Load Testing of
Instrumented Pavement Sections - Improved Techniques for Applying the Finite Element
Method to Strain Prediction in PCC Pavement Structures."

Therefore, adoption of 6" thickness of slab and Concrete Class A 1:2:3:0.5 ratio with
reinforcement is highly recommended.
 ANNEX A (Detailed Drawing)

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
b u r e a u o f a g r ic u l t u r a l a n d FISHERIES ENGINEERING
SUGAR CENTER. ANNEX H 8 U fU ii«G EXTENSION HORTh AVENUE. DSUMAN QUEZON C ftV

PROPOSED 6" THK MULTI-CROP DRYING PAVEMENT

(MCDP)
 I_ ENERAL NOTES:
IMMEDIATELY AFTER ALL MATERIALS TO HE USE.) IN THE PROJECT HAVE PASSED THE
MINIMUM TESTING REQUIREMENTS BASED ON THE STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR
OPWH. THE MANSES OF OPERATION IN THIS PARTICULAR PROJECT SHALL HAVE THE
FOLLOWING SEQL ENCE

I MOBILIZATION SHALL • (INSIST F M0 HI LI VATT IS O f EQUIPMENT AND MANPOWER

MATERIALS, AND OTHER ITEMS THAT '-H a l l 3 E o f USE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE PROJECT

2. all REINFORCED concrete WORK SHALL RE DONE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

ACI—r « —8 9 AND STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK SHALL HE DONE IN ACCORDANCE
WITH AISC SPECIFICATIONS.

.1 IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THESE DRAWINGS INDICATED DIMENSIONS SHALL

GOWERS AND SIZES -H A LL n o t HE SCALED FOR COSSTRl CTICN PURPOSES

•• t h e CONTRACTOR SHALL COORDINATE WITH THE ENGINEERS OF THE I’vKTJEWENTINC

ADENCv FOR THE EXACT SIZE H vD sSlO N S, AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

CONCRETE MIXES

I UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED IS PLANS OR NOTED IS THE SPECIFICATIONS THE

MINIMUM 2 8 -C A M S CYLINDER COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE F ’C SHALL

• CONCRETE SLAB 2 ' M P ii '3 .0 0 0 P S I) t : ) : J : 0 .5

REINFORCING STEEL BARS

\> H-+H+
V. i

I ALL REINFORCING -TEEL HAMS RE I € Fo k m E ) p a r s CONFORMING T o THE

SPECFICATIONS OF HNS AD: ’ BflB (ASTV 01 b ).

GRADE AO (FM » ?«(! M Pa) I? MM F.|A

PROPOSED MCDP
NOTTS ON SLAB ON GRACE

2.
A LL S LA H S -O N -G R A D E ' HALL RE PROVIDED WITH A MINIMUM O F 'S C MM THK

UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED, ALL BEDDED SLABS SHALL BE REINFORCED WITH

ICMM BARS AT SOOMM O.C EACH WAY
sT\
\ 1 I q J SCALE
v ia INOTY GHAP N TS

3 THERE SHOULD BE A PROVISION OF CONCRETE SPACE? TO PREVENT THE

CORROSION OF REHARS

P,'>
P R O P O S E D D E S I G N OF 6" T H K M U L T I - C R O P D R Y I N G P A V E M E N T ( MCDPj g e n e r a l votes
A-1

mojBcrjjcaTxx vosmrvA3
 f A "\ IR S P E O T
SCALE NTS

P R O P O S E D D E S I G N OF 6’ T H K M U L T I - C R O P D R Y I N G P A V E M E N T (M C D P) PERSPECTIVE
iwiET.oaiw
 b

/- 28.00M

2 -

1 5 .0 0 V

1 ~

o
wfi P R O P O S E D D E S I G N O F 6’ T H K M U L T I - C R 0 P D R Y I N G P A V E M E N T (M C D P ) PLAN VIEW A-3
%-
 ANNEX B (Cross Section Drawing)

'L
,<
■----------------------------------------' b.OV

A a s _
SCALE NTS

P R O P O S E D D E S I G N OF 6" T H K M U L T I - C R O P D R Y I N G P A V E M E N T ( MCOP) CROSS 3ECTON

pwojkt. oca’toai VIEW
ANNEX C (Axial Wheel Load)