Project Report (Swati Dogra)
Project Report (Swati Dogra)
Project Report (Swati Dogra)
Remarks:
INDEX
Introduction to AIDS
HIV Spread
HIV Test
HIV Treatment
HIV Fatal
Conclusion
What is AIDS?
AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome:
A - Acquired. This condition is acquired, meaning that a person becomes infected with it.
I - Immuno. HIV affects a person's immune system, the part of the body that fights off germs such as
bacteria or viruses.
D - Deficiency. The immune system becomes deficient and does not work properly.
S - Syndrome. A person with AIDS may experience other diseases and infections because of a weakened
immune system.
AIDS was first reported in the United States in 1981 and has since become a major
worldwide epidemic. AIDS is the most advanced stage of infection caused by HIV. The
names HIV and AIDS can be confusing because both terms describe the same disease.
But most people who are HIV positive do not have AIDS. An HIV-positive person is said
to have AIDS when his or her immune system becomes so weak it can't fight off certain
kinds of infections and cancers, such as PCP (a type of pneumonia) or KS (Kaposi
sarcoma, a type of cancer that affects the skin and internal organs), wasting syndrome
(involuntary weight loss), memory impairment, or tuberculosis.
Even without one of these infections, an HIV-positive person is diagnosed with AIDS if
his or her immune system weakens, as indicated by the number of CD4 cells in his or her
blood. A CD4 cell count less than 200 in an HIV-infected person gives someone a
diagnosis of AIDS. It can take between 2 to 10 years, or longer, for an HIV-positive
person to develop AIDS if he or she is not treated. Most people with HIV will not
develop AIDS if they start treatment (with medicines called antiretroviral therapy or
ART) soon after becoming infected.
Once a person has been diagnosed with AIDS, she or he is always considered to have
AIDS, even if that person's CD4 count goes up again and/or they recover from the
disease that defined their AIDS diagnosis.
How is HIV spread?
semen
vaginal fluid
blood
breast milk
If you have sex, the best thing to do is to practice "safer sex" all the time. To do so,
always use a condom, dental dam, or other latex barrier and avoid "rough sex" or other
activities that might cause bleeding. If you use lube with a condom, make sure it is water
based, not oil-based. Oil-based lube causes latex condoms to break..
If you have unprotected sex with someone who is infected, it doesn't mean that you will
be infected, too. But there is always a chance, especially if your partner is not on
effective HIV medicines. Using condoms and PrEP reduces your risk.
Most people who do not receive treatment for HIV will eventually (over years) become
ill and die of complications of HIV infection. With effective treatment (called
antiretroviral therapy), though, most people with HIV infection will lead long and
healthy lives; this is especially true if they start HIV treatment when their immune
system is still relatively strong.
Conclusion
Unprotected sex with an HIV-positive individual does not inevitably lead to HIV transmission. HIV exposure is also
extremely unlikely when there is not enough infectious virus in sexual fluids due to successful antiretroviral
treatment. Neither are spitting, biting and throwing body fluids significant risks of HIV exposure.
This misunderstanding of risk may be understandable given the language of well-meaning public figures who
unhelpfully compare the risk of unprotected sex to Russian roulette. For example, pop icon and HIV-awareness
spokesperson for the MAC Foundation, Lady Gaga, recently gave an interview where she said: "We all know that
having sex with a condom is a negotiation but it is Russian roulette.